esse. &c.) Root, probably i. q. Arab. | Mendosio, laudatissimo unguento, adjectum Js, to peel off, to shell (comp.ro, a date-tree), hence, a muscle-shell. Without this authority of the ancient versions, the Syr. etymol.,, to run in drops, exude, to distil, would lead to the idea of a resinous and odoriferous substance of the vegetable kingdom, perhaps bdellium; and this is preferred by Bochart in the cited passage. Moreover, Dioscorides and Pliny compare the fragments of this gum, on account of their smoothness, with nails sit Aben-Esræ sententia, verba Hebræa hoc (unguibus). Au. Ver.-Of each there shall be a like weight. So most commentators. Rosen. Solum in solo erit, quod LXX reddunt loov tog čσtai, Vulgatus: æqualis ponderis erunt omnia. Similiter Onkelos et Jonathan: pondus in pondere erit, quod Fagius sic explicat: æqualis ponderis erunt. Alios autem sic accipere ait, ut sensus sit: uniuscujusque pondus sit seorsim. Nescio tamen, annon præferenda velle, unumquodque aromatum seorsim Au. Ver.-Galbanum; these sweet spices. comminuendum, ac postea omnia inter se Ged.-Sweet-scented galbanum. miscenda fuisse. Ceterum notatu haud inBp. Patrick.-Galbanum.] That which dignum est, consuevisse et Ægyptios saceris sold in our shops is of an offensive smell; dotes speciem aliquam aromatis, ex pluribus but there was another in Syria, in the mount rebus compositi, quotidie circa occasum solis Amanus, which had an excellent scent. magno huic lumini mundi adolere, teste And, therefore, to distinguish it from ordi- Plutarcho de Iside, p. 372. nary galbanum, there is a word added to it, as the Vulgar Latin takes it, in which it is called galbanum boni odoris. translation joins the next word (which we translate sweet spices) unto galbanum: as if he had said, aromatic galbanum. Ver. 35. καὶ ποιήσουσιν ἐν αὐτῷ θυμίαμα μυρεψικόν Au. Ver.-35 And thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together [Heb., salted], pure and holy. Tempered together. So Booth. - Rosen., quod in textu Samaritano ἔργον μυρεψοῦ μεμιγμένον. καθαρὸν ἔργον scriptum ( enuntiandum), LXX, äytov. verterunt xaẞávny, galbanum, quod est gummi seu resina grave olens, ferulæ galbaniferæ, in Syria et Arabia nascentis, initio coloris albidi, unde ex adeps, hinc gummi, et ? albus recte dici potuit. Vetus flavescit albicantibus tamen maculis distinctum. Quum autem galbanum sit Bishop Horsley. Tempered together. mali odoris (quod et innuere videtur He- Margin, salted. Both I think wrong; nho, braicum Tadpositum, ita ut as a verb, is properly to dissolve. Hence vertendum sit acris odoris, non, ut vulgo,, as a noun, becomes a name for salt, boni odoris, Arab. D enim de quovis odore from its characteristic property of solubility. ponitur); plures quæsivere, cur hoc suffitui The word, used here, probably sigsacro admixtum fuerit? Haud improbabile nifies a substance of the most easy and est, hoc ideo factum esse, ut aromatum perfect solubility, i.e., a volatile substance, aliorum odorem acueret. Sæpe enim ac- which, in the fire, would be perfectly discidere solet, ut graveolentia cum suaveolentibus mixta suavissimum præbeant odorem. Cujus rei exempla attulit Hillerus Hierophyt. p. i. p. 450, qui aliam præterea attulit causam, cur suffitui admistum fuerit gal- Pool.-Tempered together, Heb., salted; banum: videlicet quum galbanum sit medium either, 1. Properly, for salt was to be inter resinarum et gummi genera, et aliorum offered with all offerings, Lev. ii. 13. And aromatum odorem diutius continuisse ; tra- the Hebrew doctors tell us that six egg-shells dere enim Plinium H. N. 13, 1, adjici full of salt were used. Or, 2. Metaphounguentis resinam et gummi ad continendum rically, well mixed together, as salt was odorem in corpore; celerrime eum evanescere, with things either offered to God, or eaten si non sit hæc addita; hinc galbanum etiam by man. sipated, without leaving any cinder or ash. "And thou shalt make of it an incense of perfume; a perfume the work of the perfumer: a volatile substance, pure, holy." So CHAP. XXXI. 7. Tabernacle of the congregation. See notes See notes on xvi. 34. See notes on xxv. 17. Ged. A composition pure and sacred. Tabernacle of the congregation. See notes By Arias Montanus rendered salitum mundum on xxvii. 21. sanctitas: and some modern interpreters, among whom Michaelis, think that here implies the addition of a sort of salt, namely, nitre, or saltpetre; which, mingled with the other ingredients, gave a stronger and more extensive flavour to them. Dathe: adhibito sale puro et sancto. there is no vestige of this additional salt in the ancient versions; and, indeed, the construction will not admit of it. The most that can be inferred from the etymon of is, that the composition was made up, or granulated, in the manner of salt. The Sam. reading corresponding with the preceding is in favour of this idea. Rosen.-, salitum. LXX, peμiyμévov mixtum, Vulgatus: mistum diligenter. Onkelos et Jonathan: mixtum. Sunt qui putent, interpretes illos subaudisse sale, quum salire et miscere sale idem sint. Recte vero Moses Mendelii fil. observat, voce salitum denotante innui, suffitui sal Sodomiticum admiscendum fuisse, uti tradunt Talmudici, in Cerithuth, fol. 6, col. 8, ubi de præparatione illius sacri suffitus agitur. J. D. Michaelis de nitro Hebræorum, § 7 (in Commentatt. per annos 1758, sqq. prælectt., Brem. 1774) verba i vertit salitum pure, sanctum, statuitque, Hebræos distinxisse, ut Ægyptii, salem purum et impurum. Impurus eis sal marinus, purus autem nitrum (s. Salpeter), quod Ægyptii in sacrificiis adhibebant, teste Arriano de Expedit. Alexandri M., lib. iii., p. 161, edit. Blancardi. De hoc nitro et nostro loco Mosen loqui putat Michaelis, et Lev. ii. 13, ad quem loc. vid. tamen not. Esse autem nitrum saliendo suffimento aptissimum, quippe cujus dissultu et ignis celerius et fumus latius spargitur. Ver. 8. Au. Ver.-8 And the table and his furniture, and the pure candlestick with all his furniture, &c. Ged., Booth. The table and all [Sam., LXX, Syr., Arab., Targ., and MSS.] its utensils, and the chandelier of pure gold with all its utensils, &c. καὶ τὰς στολὰς τὰς λειτουργικὰς ̓Ααρὼν, καὶ Tàs σToλàs tŵv viŵv avtov iepaтevel μoι. Au. Ver.-10 And the cloths of service, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to minister in the priest's office. Ged. And the service-cloths for the service of the sanctuary [so seven Hebrew MSS., four copies of the Chald., and the parallel places], and the holy garments, &c. Bp. Horsley." And the clothes of service," 22. Our translators seem to follow the Samaritan for Tw. שרר But I take to be the true reading, though I am much in doubt what these might be. They are clearly distinguished in this place from the vestments of the priests. And still more clearly in other places where they are mentioned, viz. chap. xxxv. 19, and chap. xxxix. 1, 41. Some understand by them the hangings of the tabernacle. Some the wrappers for covering the sacred fur niture and utensils, when the camp moved. (See Numbers, chap. iv.) Some the ordinary garments of the priests, "quæ exutis pontificalibus residuæ erunt et reliquæ." Some certain loose frocks which they threw over the sacred vestments, to keep them clean, when they were washing out the vessels, or sweeping the court of the taber nacle, or engaged in other services of the like kind. The chief objection I have to any one of the three last interpretations, is, that no directions have been given about the material or the make of any such things. , בִּגְדִי שְׁרָד only in the phrase שְׂרָד-.Gesen Exod. xxxi. 10; xxxv. 19; xxxix. 1, 41, according to the most ancient translators, garments of service or office. Compare the expressions added to the three last passages : pan, to serve in the sanctuary. But the holy garments, 7, are still distinguished from the former. Perhaps better, garments of various colours, according to the Samarit., a coat of various colours. Prof. Lee.-, m. only in the phr. 7, TP, Exod. xxxi. 10; xxxv. 19; xxxix. 1, 41. The LXX translate Tàs σTOλàs Tàs XEITOUрyikás, as if the word were ; and similarly the Vulg. Gesenius takes the Arab., contexuit conseruitque loricam; lorica; and translates the word knitting-work. From Exod. xxxix. 1, it appears that these garments were of various colours; and hence, comparing the preced ye shall keep. Verily my sabbaths, &c. Rosen., Booth.-Nevertheless my sabbaths ye shall keep. Rosen.-Attamen sabbatha mea custodietis. Recte post Jarchium et Aben-Esram monet Ver. 14. וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּת כִּי קְדֶשׁ הִוא, שרדה ing word, as well as the Samaritan variè picta, et colorata vestis, it seems likely that colour is the true signification of this word, and coloured dresses the meaning of the phrase. Rosen., LXX explicant kal τὰς στολὰς τὰς λειτουργικὰς Ααρών, et eodem , וְיַת לְבוּשֵׁי שְׁמוּשָׁא : sensu Onkelos et Jonathan καὶ φυλάξεσθε τὰ σάββατα, ὅτι ἅγιον τοῦτό ἐστι κυρίῳ ὑμῖν. Au. Ver.-14 Ye shall keep the sabbath hallowed. Booth. For holy shall it be esteemed by et vestes ministerii. Videntur significa- TI Ver. 16, 17. 16 לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּת לְדֹרֹתָם בְּרִית -quibus dum sacra ministrabat Aaron, in 17 בֵּינִי וּבֵין בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹת vestes, בִּגְדֵי הַקְדֶשׁ dutus esset, statim vocantur עוֹלָם : הִוא לְעֹלָם כִּי־שְׁשֶׁת יָמִים וגו' sacræ, et a disserte discernuntur. Rectum vidisse non dubito Jarchium, T esse vocem Aramæam, et eadem 16 καὶ φυλάξουσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ τὰ σάβ esse, quæ apud Onkelosum xxvii. 9 Barа Toleiv avtà els ràs yeveàs avτŵv. dia(ubi cf. not.) pro Hebraico D, aulæa, et Oŋŋ alwvos. 17 ἐν ἐμοὶ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς significari tam tabernaculi aulæa, quam vela, Ἰσραὴλ, σημεῖόν ἐστιν ἐν ἐμοὶ αἰώνιον. ὅτι quibus utebantur Levitæ ad tegenda vasa ἓξ ἡμέραις, κ.τ.λ. sacra, dum ea bajulabant; cf. Num. iv. 7, 13. Ver. 12. Au. Ver. And the Lord spake. Au. Ver.-16 Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant. 17 It is a sign between me and the chil עֵגֶל מַסֵּכָה וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלֶה אֱלֹהֶיךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל | dren of Israel for ever: for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he rested, and was refreshed. Egypt. καὶ ἐδέξατο ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ Ged., Booth.—16, 17 Wherefore the Is- ἔπλασεν αὐτὰ ἐν τῇ γραφίδι. καὶ ἐποίησεν raelites shall keep the sabbath, by making it αὐτὰ μόσχον χωνευτὸν, καὶ εἶπεν. οὗτοι οἱ a day of rest throughout their generations. θεοί σου Ἰσραὴλ, οἵ τινες ἀνεβίβασαν σε ἐκ It is the token of a perpetual covenant γῆς Αἰγύπτου. between me and the Israelites. For in six Au. Ver.-4 And he received them at days Jehovah, &c. their hand, and fashioned it with a graving Rosen.-16 "In hoc vs. difficultatem tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and aliquam parit, quod alii vertunt ob- they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, servando, alii celebrando ; ac which brought thee up out of the land of vertunt per ablativum, fœdere perpetuo, id est, Dina, quod legitur Gen. xvii. 7; Bp. Horsley. And fashioned it with a xiii. 18, et alibi. Nos cum Onkeloso et graving tool. Rather, and fashioned it in a Arabe Erpen. propria significatione mould, in formá fusoriá. (See Houbigant.) "Formavit opere fusorio," Vulg. nempe accusativo, vertimus: Et observa- Bp. Patrick. After he had made it a molten bunt filii Israel Sabbathum, faciendo Sab-calf.-The words in the Hebrew are, and he bathum in generationibus suis esse fœdus made it, &c., we translate them after, &c., perpetuum, id est, faciendo ut nunquam to make this agree with what goes before, interrumpatur, sed sit alternum foedus per according to our translation, "he fashioned omnes ipsorum generationes." Ludov. de it with a graving tool:" which may as liteDieu. , אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת eodem casu, quo עוֹלָם accipimus, ac CHAP. XXXII. 1. abnwy rally be translated, he bound them up in a bag. For we find the word jatzar, which we here translate fashioned, to have the signification also of binding or tying up and a - קוּם וּ עֲשֵׂה לָנוּ אֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר cheret in the plural number to signify a bag יֵלְכוּ לְפָנֵינוּ וגו' ? ἀνάστηθι, καὶ ποίησον ἡμῖν θεοὺς, οἱ προπορεύσονται ἡμῶν, κ.τ.λ. Au. Ver.-1 And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before Up, make us gods, which shall go before us. Rosen., Ged., Booth.-Up, make us a god, who may go before us. (2 Kings v. 23). And thus the prophet Isaiah (as Bochart observes) describes the inaking of images (xlvi. 6), "They lavish gold out of the bag, and they make it a god." Which agrees with what is here said of Aaron-he received the earrings, and put them in a bag; and then having made a mould, cast them into it, and made a golden calf (see ver. 24). Ged. And he received the gold of their hands; and fashioning it in a mould, made of it a molten calf. And they said: This, O Israelites, is thy God [so Pool, Patrick, Rosen., &c.] who brought, &c. Rosen.-Verba in modo non Surge! fac nobis Deum, sub non intelligendi sunt plures dii, Aaron enim unum dumtaxat vitulum, non plures imagines fecit. Nec postulat verbum () in plurali uno exponuntur. Vel sic: et formavit illum, numero voci adjectum, ut plures in-vitulum, stilo s. cælo, ut sit a 773, telligantur dii; enim etiam iis in locis, formare, quemadmodum 1 Reg. vii. 15: ubi de uno vero Deo adhibetur, cum verbo, et formavit (duas columnas æneas); plurali jungitur, ob terminationem pluralem, vero eandem, vel non multo absimilem, ut Genes. xx. 13; xxxv. 7. gerat notionem ab ea, quam habet Jes. Qui præcedat nos, i.e., qui tanquam signum castris Israelitarum præferatur, sicuti nubes præcedebat.-Rosen. viii. 1, ubi stilum, ypapeior notat. Hoc sensu LXX, κaì ễñλaσev avrà èv ypapıdı, sequiturque magna interpretum pars. Obstat tamen huic interpretationi primum, quod pron. in (etsi Hebræi haud raro pronomen nomini præmittant, vid. Jes. viii. 1) vix hic idem denotare חרט possit ad referri, quum pronomen Verum simulacrum ligneum auro obductum proxime sequentis ad, quod Mosen vocare, ob radicis sigvs. 3, præcessit, referendum esse, dubio nificationem haud est verisimile. Ubi de careat, et ad idem illud nomen et in re- ligno auro obducendo loquitur, utitur verbo ferendum esse, nemini, verba - addito 27, xxx. 3, 5.- Probabillimam legenti obscurum esse potest. Quænam hujus loci explicationem proposuit Bochartus, enim narrationis series hæc foret: sumsit e et commendavit Schroderus de vestitu mulier. manibus eorum sc. aurum, formavitque eum, Hebr., p. 288. sc. vitulum, stilo, fecitque illud, sc. aurum, sumunt, quod cognatum, 2 Reg. v. 23, vitulum fusum? Alii quidem in referunt nempe marsupium; vero, uti et cogad, et particulam ante vertunt natum, quoque notat ligare, vel colpostquam, ita ut sensus sit: formavit aurum ligare, in specie in marsupio, ut 2 Reg. (tenuiora ejus lineamenta) cælo, postquam xii. 11; Deut. xiv. 25; Prov. xxx. 4. vitulum fusum ex illo fecerat. Verum cælo Unde hæc prodit loci interpretatio: et sumsit aut stilo, instrumento tenui et acuto, pro a manibus eorum, et colligavit illud, sc. vitulo expoliendo et complanando nequaquam aurum, quod ab Israelitis acceperat, in uti potuit Aaron, nam id lima fieri debet, loculo, et fecit illud vitulum fusilem. In hunc vel scobina; cælo autem contrarium potius sensum vertit Jonathan: et colligavit illud in effecisset, ejusque cuspide vituli superficiem linteo s. sudario. Eadem, quam hic Moses reddidisset inæqualem et fistulosam. Alii usurpat, phrasis habetur 2 Reg. v. 23: indicari volunt, Aaronem stilo vel cælo notas, et colligavit duo talenta argenti hieroglyphicas insculpsisse. Sed neque, in duobus loculis. Hac interpreneque cognatum in V. T. notat signa tatione admissa totus textus facillime fluit, quædam, aut characteres, vel figuras, in et pron. ad verum suum subjectum aliqua materia exarare, sed constanter usur- (2) redit. Mirum quidem videri possit, patur pro dare alicui materiæ rudi formam idem voc. res admodum diversas, stilum quandam externam: ut 1 Reg. vii. 15; Ps. s. graphium Jes. viii. 1, et h. 1. marsupium cxxxix. 5: Retro et ante formasti me. denotare, præsertim quum ad id designandum Et Jes. xlv. 9: An dicet lutum, ei qui proprium nomen, habeant, 2 Reg. v. format ipsum? Ut et xliv. 9: pef-23; Jes. iii. 22. Sed fieri potuit, ut Mosis formantes idolum omnes sunt vani. Quod ævo de marsupio usurpari soleret, quod ipsum obstat interpretationi Michaelis in serioribus temporibus nomine desigvers. germ., vertentis delineavit stilo (er naretur. machte mit dem Griffel eine Zeichnung). vester, i.e., simulacrum Dei, s. Jovæ, IsTamen idem Michaelis in Suppl., p. 917, raelitæ, qui vos ex Ægypto eduxit. Nomen mavult eos sequi, qui vertunt formam. et verbum in plurali posita h. 1. rursus inIta Syrus typus, Arabs uterque forma, in qua, s. ad quam aliquid effingitur. Hinc vertit Michaelis: formavit formam ligneam, fecitque eam vitulam fusilem (Er machte ein Modell, und goss dieses ab). Sed merito Bochartus (Hieroz., t. i., p. 342, edit. Lips.) illam formæ notionem voci tributam, novam vocat et inauditam. Additque, nihil necesse fuisse, ut de typo s. forma Moses ageret, quia ex hoc ipso, quod vitulum vocet fusilem, illum satis evidenter constat ex typo fuisse expressum. Hezel (in Bibliis verAu. Ver.-8 They have turned aside naculis a se Notis illustratis) vertit: formavit, quickly out of the way which I commanded s. scalpsit id, idolum, cælo vel scalpro (er them they have made them a molten calf, bildete, schnitzte es mit dem Meissel), scil. e and have worshipped it, and have sacrificed ligno. Verbis autem, quæ sequuntur, thereunto, and said, These be thy gods, O , fecit illud, sc. quod e ligno Israel, which have brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. scalptum fuit, vitulum fusionis, hoc significari ait: obducebat vitulum e ligno scalptum fusione auri, i.e., auro liquefacto. telligenda esse de uno Deo, apparet e loco Neh. ix. 18. Israelitæ non ipsum simulacrum pro Deo habebant, sed peccabant in eo, quod violabant legem illam xx. 4. Ver. 7. Au. Ver.-7 And the LORD said unto Moses, saying [Sam., LXX, Vulg.]. Ver. 8. I commanded. So the Masoretic text and most commentators. |