Ken., Ged.-The Amorites, and the Perizzites [Sam., LXX], and the Hivites. Rosen.-In Cod. Sam. quinque populis, qui hic recensentur, adduntur, inter Amorrhæos et Chivvæos, et, Perizai Egypt. Ged., Booth.-The land of Egypt [one copy of LXX and Copt.]. Ver. 9. Au. Ver.-Egypt. Ged., Booth. The land of Egypt. Sam., et Girgesæi. Sed post Jebusæos addunt Ver. 11. Au. Ver. And it shall be when the LORD shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites, as he sware unto thee and to thy fathers, and shall give it thee. The Lord. Ged., Booth.-Jehovah your God [Sam., : LXX, and two MSS.]. καὶ ἀναγγελεῖς τῷ υἱῷ σου ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ, λέγων. διὰ τοῦτο ἐποίησε κύριος ὁ θεός μοι, ὡς ἐξεπορευόμην ἐξ Αἰγύπτου. Au. Ver., and most commentators.-8 And thou shalt shew thy son in that day, saying, This is done because of that which the LORD did unto me when I came forth out of Egypt. Bp. Horsley.-"It is because Jehovah did this unto me, when I came forth out of Egypt;" i.e., because Jehovah at that time made me do this, which I now do, i.e., he made me eat unleavened bread. (See Houbigant.) Rosen.-Propter hoc quod fecit Jova mihi, cum egressus sum ex Egypto. Imperfecta est oratio, atque ad eam complendam istiusmodi quiddam est addendum: hoc festum celebratur. Vulgatus: hoc est quod fecit mihi Dominus rel. Sed hoc Hebraice foret: בעבור שאקיים :Jarchi . זֶה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה יְהוָה לִי ut perficerem ,מצותיו כגון פסח מצה ומרור הללו Unto thee. Ged., and Booth. omit these words on the authority of LXX, and two MSS. Ver. 14. Au. Ver.-Egypt. So the Heb. Ver. 15. Au. Ver.-Firstborn. Ver. 16. Au. Ver. And it shall be for a token upon thine hand, and for frontlets between thine eyes: for by strength of hand the LORD brought us forth out of Egypt. Ged., Booth.-Let this therefore be to you [Sam., Syr., and one MS.]. Au. Ver.-Brought us. Ged., Booth.-Brought you. So Sam., mandata ejus, nempe hæc de agno paschali, Syr., and most copies of LXX. Ver. 18. T T וַיִּסֵּב אֱלֹהִים אֶת־הָעָם דֶּרֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּר hoc mandatum fecit mihi Dominus signa et יַם־סוּף וַחֲמִשִׁים עָלוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ miracula, cum eduxit me er gypto. At verba Hebræa non tam indicant, Deum ideo admirando modo Israelitas ex Ægypto eduxisse, ut festum illud celebrarent, quam καὶ ἐκύκλωσεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν λαὸν ὁδὸν τὴν εἰς ideo eis festum illud celebrandum injunxisse, τὴν ἔρημον, εἰς τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν. quod eos ita ex Ægypto eduxerat. Ita ergo, πέμπτῃ δὲ γενεᾷ ἀνέβησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἐκ recte ait Fagius, "intelligendum est: propter vs Alyúπтоν. hoc, id est, propter ea signa, quæ fecit Au. Ver.-18 But God led the people Dominus, propter occisa primogenita, celebramus paschæ istius festum in memoriam accepti beneficii." Ellipsis relativi about, through the way of the wilderness of the Red Sea: and the children of Israel went up harnessed [or, by five in a rank] haud infrequens, ut ea in illo Ps. cxviii. 24, out of the land of Egypt. Au. Ver.-But. hic est dies quam fecit Jova, זֶה הַיּוֹם עָשָׂה יְהוָה scil. illustrem. Vid. et. infra xviii. 20. Ged., Booth.-Therefore. Red Sea. this exposition doth not agree with the Hebrew word, which doth not signify the fifth, but in fives; so it cannot be said of the children of Israel in general; for all the tribes were not yet come to the fifth generation. Our Nic. Fuller hath a learned discourse upon this word, in his Miscellan., lib. v., cap. 2. were wont to be girt when they went to fight Heb., Gesen., Rosen.-Sea of reeds. or to travel; this word may well be rendered Bp. Patrick. That which we call the evCwvot, "well girt," as the LXX translate Red Sea, the Hebrews call the Sea of Suph, it (Josh. i. 14, iv. 13). Here indeed they i.e., of flags; as we translate the word Suph, translate it, πéμжтŋ dè yeveậ àvéßŋσav, "they in the second chapter of this book, ver. 3, went up in the fifth generation" (which St. because it was full of a certain weed (which Austin follows), taking Jacob for the first; the Latins call alga, and the Greeks pukiov), Levi the second; Coath the third; Amram which some travellers have affirmed to be of the fourth; and Moses the fifth. But as a red colour, and to make the water appear as if it were red also: from whence some fancy it was called the Red Sea. Certain it is it had the Hebrew name of Suph from hence; there being such abundance of this weed in that sea, that the inhabitants of the coast plucking it up out of the water, and laying it in heaps to be dried by the sun, it becomes so compact that they build houses of it as Bochart hath observed in his Phaleg., lib. iv., cap. 29. But it is most likely to have had the name of the Red Sea from this: that what the Hebrews call the Sea of Suph the nearer neighbours call the Sea of Edom, from the country which it washed, viz., Idumæa (1 Kings ix. 26; Numb. xxi. 4). From whence the Greeks, who knew not the reason of the name, called it épvepàv báλaoσay, the Red Sea; because Edom, in Hebrew, signifies red, as we find Gen. XXV. 29. Harnessed. Bp. Patrick. Or, in military order: for though it is not likely the Egyptians suffered them to have any arms, yet they did not go away tumultuously, like fugitives; but marched like soldiers in good order; and, as in our margin it is translated, five in תמשים Houbigant Bp. Horsley.-For reads D, and renders profecti sunt festinanter, referring the word to the root, "to hasten," or "make haste," and alleging Judg. xviii. 9, as an authority for the word, and for this exposition of it. But, in that place, the word D derives from , and signifies the very reverse of haste. But there is no necessity for any alteration of the word ', which signifies "marshalled." The children of Israel went up out of Egypt "in orderly array;" not in the array of battle, but of a religious procession. (See Fuller apud Pool.) حمس (In to Gesen. pl. adj. Exod. xiii. 18; Josh. i. 14; iv. 12; Judg. vii. 11; gathered, assembled, arrayed in order of battle, applied to an army, as Josh. iv. 12, comp. verse 13, Aq., évoñλioμevoi. Vulg., armati. So also Symm. Onk., Syriac, Arabic. a rank. Which is the interpretation of the dialects, may be compared Theodotion anciently, and of Montanus, and others, lately. But Hottinger trans- be robust, strong; but perhaps it was a lates it, in the form of an army. For the denom. from, as from I). Arabic word chamis (from whence, it is Others, divided in lots, numbers of fifty. likely, comes the word chamushim here used), Prof. Lee.-Firm, compact, in array of signifies exercitus Teνтаμeрns, "an army con- battle. sisting of five parts;" which are the front, Rosen.-Sed circumduxit Deus populum the main battle, the right wing and the left, viam deserti maris algosi. Ante subaudiri and the rear; Smegma Orient., p. 71. And potest, ut vertatur: ad s. versus mare so David Chytræus long before him, quinque algosum. Voc. LXX ad quinque agminibus, "in five bodies," as we now referentes verterunt: πέμπτῃ δὲ γενεα α ᾳ ἀνέβησαν, speak. But the interpretation of Aben- quod sequutus Clericus: quinta ætate IsraelEzra seems to be the most proper of all ite ex Egypto ascenderunt. In mente others, who simply expounds it, girt about habuit locum Gen. xv. 16, ubi tamen quatuor their loins, i.e., expedite or ready, as On- tantum generationes significantur. Sed vid. kelos expresses it. For the Hebrew word not. ad eum locum. Præterea nullis exchomash, signifying those parts that are emplis probari potest, de quintæ under the five small ribs, about which men generationis hominibus Hebræis in usu M M fuisse; quod si per hanc vocem exprimere 2 Speak unto the children of Israel, that voluissent, certe scripsissent Dr. Omnino they turn and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, vero commemoratio generationis, qua ex between Migdol and the sea, over against Ægypto migrarunt Hebræi, ab hoc loco Baal-zephon: before it shall ye encamp by aliena videtur. Tacemus hic alias istius the sea. voc. explicationes haud probabiles. Veram autem notionem vocis De ceteris locis, 3 For Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel, They are entangled in the land, the ubi occurrit, intelligimus. Etenim Jos. wilderness hath shut them in. i. 14; iv. 12, mulieribus et impuberibus 4 And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that Dp qui ante fratres suos processerunt. 1 Spake. So Ged., Booth., Patrick. Pool. Or rather, had spoken, to wit, .37 .ad extremitatem before they came to Succoth, chap. xii אֶל־קְצֵה הַחֲמִשִׁים אֲשֶׁר בַּמַּחֲנֶה τῶν . . qui in castris. Quæ loca For what was there briefly and generally armatorum, ad prælium accinctorum, sig- expressed, is here more largely and partinificatum fere flagitant. Et is quidem cularly declared, together with the occasion firmatur eo, quod Num. xxxii. 30, 32, et of it, which was God's command. Deut. iii. 18, ubi de eadem re, de qua Jos. 2 That they turn, &c. So the Masorites i. 14; iv. 12, agitur, qui hisce locis D. LXX, Kaì ảπOσTρé↓aνTES σTPATOillis appellantur. Eo vero nomine redevoáτwσav. proprie circa lumbos accinctos (a Dlumbi), : Bp. Horsley.-Rather, "that they sit hinc paratos, expeditos ad iter vel ad prælium down "between Migdol and the sea, denotari, non est dubium. Nec igitur re- over against Baalzephon." These words jiciendum, quod Hebræi ad quintam describe the situation of Pi-hahiroth. costam, circa regionem vesicæ fellis et jecoris, Bp. Patrick.-2 Encamp before Pi-hahiut R. Jochanan ait (a pi ilia, 2 Sam. ii. 23), roth.] Before the straits of two great i.e., circa lumbos accinctos proprie sig- mountains; full of dangerous holes as nificare dicunt, et hoc Exodi loco Israelitas many think the word hiroth imports. And dici exiisse expeditos et accinctos paratosque pi, in Hebrew, signifying a mouth, this word omnibus ad iter necessariis. Consentiunt Pi-hahiroth may properly be translated in cum hac interpretatione Onkelos et duo our language, the chaps of Hiroth. reliqui Chaldæi paraphrastæ, Syrus, Arabs former day they had marched about eight Erpenii, nec non Aquila et Symmachus. miles; but now they doubled their_pace, Bene ceterum Aben-Esra observat, innui and marched sixteen miles from Etham illa dictione, Israelitas T manu sub- hither. lata, i.e., accinctos et armatos, non tumultuario modo atque confuso, non trepide, fugitivorum instar, iter suum ingressos esse. Ver. 19. Au. Ver.-For he. So the Heb. The Between Migdol and the sea.] Some take Migdol to have been a tower or fortress (for the word carries that signification in it), upon the top of one of the mountains before mentioned. But there was a tower called Ged., Booth.-For Joseph. So the Sam. Máydwλos, by Herodotus, and Hecatæus, Ver. 20. Au. Ver.-In the edge of, &c. Booth. Which [Sam., Syr., Chald.] is at the extremity of, &c. Ver. 21. Au. Ver.-To go by day and night. Ged., Booth. So that they might go by day or by night. Bp. Horsley.-That they might march day and night. Eo ut nocte dieque iter facerent. (Houbigant.) CHAP. XIV. 1-4. and others; which Bochart probably con- Over against Baal-zephon.] This, I doubt Au. Ver.1 And the LORD spake unto distinguish it from some other Baal in those Moses, saying, parts. Either, because it lay north, or had against the people, and they said, Why Ged., Booth.-Had fled. The word fled but ill expresses the Hebrew ; which here is equivalent to the Latin aufugere, and is well rendered by Onk. and Syr. The people had gone off.-Ged. Au. Ver. Against the people. So Rosen. Versumque est cor Pharaonis et servorum ejus contra populum. Etenim hic pro ponitur, ut Gen. iv. 8, contra Abelem. Vid. et Num. xxxii. 14; Jos. x. 6. an eminent watch-tower in it. There are : sus Ged., Booth. With regard to the people. Ver. 6. Au. Ver.—And he made ready his chariot, and took his people with him. Au. Ver. And he. Ged., Booth.-And Pharaoh. So LXX, Ged., Booth.-All [LXX, Vulg.] his Rosen.-Recte Mendelii fil. observat, quum vs. 2, primum tertiis personis esset Moses, eum pergere in secunda per-people. sona, in, e regione ejus castra ponatis ad mare. Hinc colligit, hæc verba Ver. 7. niya-wpi וַיִּקַּח שֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת רֶכֶב בָּחוּר וְכָל רֶכֶב -non esse partem orationis Mosis ad Israel itas, sed Dei ad Mosen, et postquam Deus dixisset: loquere ad Israelitas, ut reversi Au. Ver.-7 And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains over every one of them. castra ponant ante Pi-hachiroth Migdolum καὶ λαβὼν ἑξακόσια ἅρματα ἐκλεκτά, καὶ inter et mare, nunc explicationis causa hoc πᾶσαν τὴν ἵππον τῶν Αἰγυπτίων, καὶ τριστάτας subjungere: e regione Baal-Zephonis ad enì návτwv. mare castra ponere debetis, ut Pharao inducatur ad credendum, Israelitas nescios quo se vertant errare. Et post hæc verba, quasi per parenthesin interjecta, vs. 4, continuari sermonem Dei medio vs. 2, abruptum. -4 Et obfirmabo cor Pharaonis ut persequatur eos. Ver. 5. Pool. All the chariots, i.e., a great number; all that could be got together in haste, which the present service required. Over every one of them; over the men that fought out of every chariot. Or, over all of them; the command of all these chariots being distributed to several captains or commanders. וַיֹּאמְרוּ וגו' riots] the LXX seem to have read 127 six hundred chosen chariots, and all the καὶ ἀνηγγέλη τῷ βασιλεῖ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων, cavalry.” Over every Tôi one of them;" ὅτι πέφευγεν ὁ λαός. Kai μETEστpán rather," over the whole of it." καρδία Φαραώ, καὶ τῶν θεραπόντων αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν λαὸν, καὶ εἶπαν, κ.τ.λ. Au. Ver.-5 And it was told the king of Egypt that the people fled: and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned Ged., Booth. And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the cavalry of Egypt, and captains over the whole of them. Gesen., a distinguished class of warriors, probably those who fought from 268 the war chariot, ἀναβάται, παραβάται. Exod. καὶ τριστάτας. xiv. 7: he took all the chariots of Egypt, significatu variæ sunt sententiæ, quas refert Verum et de hujus nominis by, and warriors in each of them, Origenes in Catenis ineditt. ad h. 1. apud xv. 4. LXX, in xiv. 7, тpươtára, and in Montefalcon. Earum verisimillima est, тpiscap. xv. 4, ἀναβάται τριστάται. (According|Táras fuisse magnos currus, qui tres homines to Origen, the combatant in a chariot is caperent, ut unus auriga esset, duo autem called Tpiσtárns, because there were always pugnarent. Cf. Jac. Lydius in Syntagm. de three persons in it, of whom the first fought, re militari, 1. ii., cap. 3, p. 39, existimat a the second protected him with the shield, ternario numero dictos tristatas milites and the third guided the horses). In 1 Kings omnium strenuissimos et revera antiquos ix. 22, and are combined; triarios, qui in locum duarum classium compare 2 Kings ix. 25. In other passages militarium, si utraque succumberet in præthey appear to form a body-guard of the lio, tanquam potior exercitus pars, sucIsraelitish kings, 1 Kings ix. 22; 2 Kings cedebant, et x. 25; 1 Chron. xi. 11; xii. 18 (where Triarii in exercitu Romanorum, de quibus rem fortiter gerebant, ut their commander is styled, in plura Livius viii. 8, Varro de Ling. Lat. the parallel passages, 2 Sam. xxiii. 8: N iv. 16. Aliam præterea conjecturam pro in which the plural is wanting, as in ponit Lydius, quum in pluribus linguis , php, p, &c. However some MSS. have ternarius numerus rem in majus extollendi the ). But these may be the same, supposing et exaggerandi vim habeat, et in comanother office assigned to them in time of paratione ultra tertium gradum non ascendi peace in sing. is perhaps frequently soleat, posse per fortissimum significari, equivalent to D, and occurs as a quasi eum, qui tertium et supremum gradum noble attendant of the king, 2 Kings vii. 2; fortitudinis obtineat, pro quo Græci dicunt ix. 25; xv. 25; xvii. 19. The etymology тpioapioreùs, et Galli tresfort. Nobis quidem has, perhaps, in Hebrew, the same founda- magis est verisimile, certum quendam militum tion as in the Greek, τριστάτης. Others ordinem nomine Hebræo et Græco significari, have also compared it with the Latin tri- qualem tamen, nemo facile definiverit. bunus, but the etymological foundation of this word is quite different. Other deriva Ver. 8. וַיְחַנֵּק יְהוָה אֶת־לֵב פַּרְעֹה מֶלֶךְ tions and explanations, erg, one of the thirty, comp. 2 Sam. xxiii. 23; 1 Chron. xi. 25, or officers of the third rank, are not applicable to the first passages, where the word is evidently used in connexion with the chariots of war.—Prov. xxii. 20. Ε' in Kri signifes probably principalia, i.e., nobilia, comp. viii. 6. Hardened. Ged.-Emboldened. ང:」 βασιλέως Αἰγύπτου, καὶ τῶν θεραπόντων καὶ ἐσκλήρυνε κύριος τὴν καρδίαν Φαραὼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ κατεδίωξεν ὀπίσω τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ. οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ Ισραὴλ ἐξεπορεύοντο ἐν χειρὶ ὑψηλῇ. Rosen.-Sumsitque sexcentos currus seAu. Ver.-8 And the LORD hardened the lectos, quibus significari videntur regii et ad heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he bellum parati; quum, omnes pursued after the children of Israel: and currus Egyptiorum, qui post illos memo- the children of Israel went out with an high rantur, privatorum essent et sarcinarii. hand. Quærunt, unde satis equorum suppetere potuerit Pharaoni, quum ix. 6, dicantur pecudes Ægyptiorum periisse. Sed excipiendæ sunt eæ, quæ in stabula coactæ fuerant, in quibus maxima pars equorum esse potuit. Sed quinam fuerint, qui dicuntur fuisse i super iis omnibus curribus, haud adeo certum est. Onkelos vertit et viri fortes constituti super omnes illis. Sic et xv. 4, vertit fortes ejus. Quod sequutus Jarchi exponit duces exercituum, et Saadias: præfecti, LXX, vocis originem respicientes reddunt s. duces, Booth.-Suffered to be hardened. Of Pharaoh king of Egypt. So the Heb. Booth.-But the Israelites went out with an high hand. Pool. With an high hand.] Either 1. Of |