民民欲顧拊 南山律 不 烈 穀。香 4 O my father, who begat me! O my mother, who nourished me! Ye indulged me, ye fed me, Ye held me up, ye supported me, Ye looked after me, ye never left me, 5 Cold and bleak is the Southern hill; Why am I alone thus miserable? 6 The Southern hill is very steep; The rushing wind is blustering. People all are happy; I alone have been unable to finish [my duty]. St. 4. The last line of this st. is in the mouth of every Chinese, when speaking of what is due as= -栗烈in I.xv. I. 1, -cold is the southern hill.' This suits the passage better. The bleak to parents. In 1.5, is explained by and rugged prospect suggests to the writer the 覆, and by 不能暫舍, which latter I | misery of his own condition. 害 is passive一 have adopted. 腹-懷抱,‘to hold in the 遭此害‘suffer thie misery’卒,‘to embrace.’之, in 1.7,一其,‘their L.4 in finish,' meaning to discharge his duty to his prec. st., is one of the examples, adduced by Wang Yin-che to illustrate the expletive use of Z. St. 5, 6. 南山-as in iv.V 1. et al. 烈 烈(=‘high and large') and 律律 taken by Choo as synonymous; and also are 發 and弗弗 Yen Tsan explains 烈烈 parents to the last. The rhymes are–in st. 1, 蒿勞, cat. 2: in 2.蔚瘁, cat. 15,t.3 : in 3, 恥,久*恃, cat. cat.1,t.2; 恤*至*, cat. 12, t. 3: in 4, 鞠, 糾 科杼 砥。棘 之所 其七簋 視 所 食。 焉履如道有 1 Well loaded with millet were the dishes, And long and curved were the spoons of thorn-wood. The way to Chow was like a whetstone, And straight as an arrow. [So] the officers trod it, And the common people looked on it. ·When I look back and think of it, 2 In the States of the east, large and small, Thin shoes of dolichos fibre Ode 9. Allusive and narrative. An OFFICER, OF ONE OF THE STATES OF THE EAST, DEPLORES THE EXACTIONS MADE FROM THEM BY THE GOV. ERNMENT, COMPLAINS OF THE FAVOUR SHOWN TO THE WEST, CONTRASTS THE MISERY OF THE PRESENT WITH THE HAPPINESS OF THE PAST, AND APPEALS TO THE STARS OF HEAVEN IDLY BEHOLD ING THEIR CONDITION. According, to the Preface, the writer was a great officer of T'an,' one of the smaller States of the east. We know from the Ch'un Tsëw that Tan was extinguished by Tse in the time of duke Chwang of Loo, so that an officer of it might have written this piece in the reign of king Yew, to show the disorder of the times.' This is all that can be said on the statement in the Preface. 大 東 according to Choo. It seems to me that this st. should be taken as narrative; but the critics all make it allusive, the abundance and happiness of the past rising up in contrast to the penury and misery of the present. 周道, 'the way to Chow;' not, as Yen Ts'an and others, 'the way of Chow'in its govt. In 1.6, 小人 mnst mean the common people,' in opp. to 君子 of 1. 5. We must understand 視 of their looking at the road with satisfaction. 睏to look back or round.'言 is here difft. from the initial particle, which we cannot translate, and in the next line. Both of them have the force of, making adverbs of the verbs that precede them. Seun-tsze, indeed, quotes the line with, and we find it, in one of the Ault is 'the books of the after Han, with 然 app. of tears falling.’ St. 2. (The little east and the great east,'—— is the shuttle con as in the translation. taining the thread of the woof; der with the threads of the warp. 柚the cylin 其空 in a good instance of the descriptive use of 其 45 西東哀薪 契有任公葛 是 冽來。子。屦。 使行 子。子。 子。人。 薪。歎。泉。我彼以 亦尙哀無心周履 可可我浸状。行。霜。 粲 灰不息載憚穫 服。來也。也。人,薪 Are made to serve to walk on the hoar-frost. Slight and elegant gentlemen Walk along that road to Chow. Their going and coming Makes my heart ache. 旣佻 往佻 3 Ye cold waters, issuing variously from the spring, Do not soak the firewood I have cut. Sorrowful I awake and sigh; Alas for us toiled people! The firewood has been cut;- Would that it were conveyed home! Would that we could have rest! 4 The sons of the east Are only summoned [to service], without encouragement; While the sons of the west Shine in splendid dresses. L1. 2, 3,–see I. ix. I. 1.公子 would be the 之薪irewood that has been reaped' i. e, sons of the chiefs of the States, employed on missions to the capital. Teaou-t'ëaou is descriptive of them, as 'slight-looking,' and unaccustom ed to toil; and yet in 1.6 they are represented as making the journey on foot. L. 7. "They have gone, they have come; but we can hardly translate旣here.Ching defines it by 盡 and then gives it the meaning of 空, ‘empty. -'empty they go and empty they come.' This does not seem admissible. St. 3. 例,一as in I. xiv. IV.I. 光泉 is a spring whose waters come out at the side, in various narrow channels. 穫薪已 cut down and bundled together. Such firewood soaked would be rendered useless; but the people of the east were suffering from one exaction after another. 契契 =憂苦,‘in sorrow and bitterness' 憚(read to)人=勞人, –as in the transl.尙=庶幾 expressing a wish. After the toil of preparing the firewood, it would be a relief to have it conveyed home for them; so the people would be glad to have some rest from their toils. St. 4. (The sons of the men of the east' are the officers of the States of the east; and 'the sons of the men of the west' are the officers 七 没有不其 或百是舟 僚表 漿 裘。 襄。往 漢。 不以其長 跂彼織女 監亦有光 或以其酒 佩不 。試。 人之子熊 終 光天璲以 子。熊 The sons of boatmen Have furs of the bear and grisly bear. The sons of the poorest families Form the officers in public employment. 5 If we present them with spirits, They do not look on them as liquor. If we give them long girdle-pendants with their stones, Which looks down on us in light; And the three stars together are the Weaving Sisters, about the capital. 職−as iniv. IX.7; 來|隧=瑞玉, nearly as in the Shoo, II.i.7. (now read in 3d tone)=慰撫, (to soothe and encourage;' taken, here, passively. 私人'private men,' people in menial employments. 試=用, (to be employed. interesting instance of Sabian views. The writ- From 1.5 to the end of the piece we have an 6 this appeal proves in vain. is the milky St. 5. L1. 1–4 present unusual difficulties. Maou took them as illustrating the want of principle in the king's government, and would understand at the commencement of each line. L. 8 of st. 4 has spoken of the officers of weaving ladies,' is the name of three the capital, and Maou supposes it is said here stars in Lyra, in the form of a triangle. 跂 they were employed, some on the ground of their being drunkards, and some not because denotes that triangular shape, they were drunkards; some for the splendid gems of their girdle-pendants, and some not because of their abilities. This is plainly inad-fined in the dict.; but the Shwoh-wăn quotes missible. Choo, and even Yen Ts'an, consider the lines as illustrating the perverseness of the king's officers, whom those of the east could in no way conciliate. We must understand 之 after 或in 1.1, and 與之以 at the We cannot get this meaning from . as it is de the line with and by the side, which is thus defined in the Yuh-p'een (玉篇). Choo says he does not understand, but he quotes the view of Ch'ing, which I have given. The stars seem to go round the circumference beginning of 1.3. Then 以 in 11.2, 4,=以為 of the heavens, divided into 12 spaces. in a day I have followed this view in the translation, though we have, after all, to leave the un and night. They would accomplish 6 of those in a day, but as their motion is rather in advance of that of the sun, they have entered into the explained. 捐鞘=長貌, (long-looking | 7th space by the time he is up with them again. 有可簸維載有服章韓 有箕。以揚。南 斗。載 西翕 北有斗西柄之想 有之庚東彼七 挹 箕行。有看 漿。有 不可 揭維南不以 啟 牛 明。不 則七襄不成報 畢西以報 6 Although they go through their seven stages, They complete no bright work for us. Brilliant shine the Draught Oxen, But they do not serve to draw our carts. In the west there is Hesperus; Long and curved is the Rabbit Net of the sky;- 7 In the south is the Sieve, But it is of no use to sift. In the north is the Ladle, Raising its handle in the west. 襄 is thus taken=駕更其肆, as in I. iv. II. 2. St. 6. 報章‘bright piece of recompense.' The sisters, with all their weaving, working on the woof, with no warp, made nothing out for the good of the afflicted east. The Draught ever, evidently took Lucifer and Hesperus to be ble a rabbit net.L.8 belongs to the three stars oxen' is the name of some stars in the neck of fluence on mundane affairs. Aquila.describes their bright appearance. o St. 7. 箕一 ,-see VI. 2. But the Sieve did no thing to vindicate its name. 斗 here is constellation in Sagittarius, supposed to resem ble a Ladle for taking spirits from a jar; it was as ineffectual for any purpose, as the Sieve. The Sieve's two diverging stars, turned to the east, looked as if it would devour it, and the handle 箱=車箱; the box or body of a carriage; –used for the carriage itself. 服箱't draw the carriage, Lěw E(劉彝) says, (The Metal star (Venus) is in the east in the morning, thus opening the brightness of the day (啟明); and it is in the west in the evening, thus prolonging (庚-續) the length of The rhymes are–in st.1,七 氏 * 矢 the day (長庚). The writer, of the ode, how-履視涕,cat.15,t.2: in 2,東空 of the Ladle in the west looked as if it would take up the contents of the east. a cat. |