且以酌醴 兕小挾旣以友。俟 以 犯。我張燕 醴賓 此發 發弓子 4 客。大彼旣 3 We looked to the midst of the plain, 瞻 俟孔彼 有。中 群健原。 或儷其 Where the animals were large and abundant, Now rushing about, now waiting together, Here in threes, there in twos. We led on all our attendants, To give pleasure to the son of Heaven. We have bent our bows; We have our arrows on the string. 三章 Here is a small boar transfixed; There is a large rhinoceros killed. The spoil will be presented to the visitors and guests, Along with the cup of sweet wine. VII. Hung yen. 章 爱于劬于其肅于 鴻 及野勞征子羽肅飛鳫 1 The wild geese are flying about; Suh-suh goes the rustle of their wings. [There were] those officers engaged on the commission. Pained were we and toiled in the open fields; 3, 4, 5 are in apposition, and together form the | mals together were called 羣; two,友.L5. subject of 1. 6. L.5'the hunting grounds of is evidently to be understood of the officers en the Tseih and the Tseu’同=聚, ‘to be | gaged in the hunt, and their attendants. Maou collected together. 眶 is the female deer; 鹿 erroneously takes 率: we drove," must be translated as well;-see Ying-tah in and refers to the animals on the right loc. Yu-yu =衆多,‘to be numerous’漆 and left. 燕 =樂, 'to pleasure.' 沮, -see on the Shoo, III. i. Pt. I., 74. The specification of those streams shows that the hunting was conducted within the domain of the western capital. St. 3. 中原原中, the middle of the plains.’L.2 must be understood of the animals of the chase. The meaning which I have . adopted for 1.3 is given by Yen Ts'an from Tsëen Wan-tsze (錢文子). Three ani St. 4. 挾 to hold in the armpit,' is here used of the holding the arrow on the string between the thumb and the first finger. L.3,– The diet, probably after Maou, says, ‘to die see on Lii.XIV.1.殪 'to die,'' to do to death." from a single arrow The text does not compel us to such an exaggeration. 御as in III. 6. ‘sweet or newly distilled spirits.. 愚謂 嗷鴻 劬百中鴻矜 人。我嗷 謂我宣驕 哲 笑。堵 堵皆作 雖 。 哀此鰥寡 中澤 之子于 驕。彼人。!! 宅。則 則垣。 All were objects of pity, But alas for those wifeless and widows! 2 The wild geese are flying about, And they settle in the midst of the marsh. 飛。 [There were] those officers directing the rearing of the walls; Five thousand cubits of them arose at once. Though there was pain and toil, In the end we had rest in our dwellings. gaou-gaou. 3 The wild geese are flying about, They would have said we were proclaiming our insolence. This was used at entertainments given by the king. The last two lines express the generosity of the king, who would share the spoils of the chase with his guests, when there was poured out (酌) for them the cup of spirits. The rhymes are in st. 1, 戊,禱,好. 阜阜醜 cat. 3, t. 2: in2, 午馬 麑 所,cat. 5,t.2;同,從cnt.9: in3,有 .., cat. 1, t. 2: in 4, 4, 兕醴 cat. 15,t.2. Ode 7. Allusive. THE PEOPLE, REGATHERED INTO COMMUNITIES UNDER KING SEUEN, PRAISE THE OFFICERS BY WHOM THIS WORK HAD BEEN ACCOMPLISHED. Such is the account of this ode given in the Preface, and by the school of Maou. Choo takes a difft view of it, interpreting of the people so addressing one another; -on which see below. He also doubts whether this and the three odes that follow should be referred to the time of king Seuen. With this ode, as with many other odes, the translator has only a choice of difficul ties, and must adopt the view which seems to him the least unlikely. L1. 1, 2 in all the stanzas. 鴻—Be -see on I. iii. -see on I. iii. IX. 3. It does not seem worth while to introduce into the transla XVIII;應 thon the distinction of these birds as large and finding none. The geese, in the various condi- Ll. 3–6, st. 1. It has been mentioned above that Choo understands by 之子 the disper sed people thus addressing one another; but in the last st. of ode 5 we have the same words 之子于征;and the meaning of them there seems to be decisive against his view. The people appear, scattered about, with no houses to live in, and we are to suppose that the king had commissioned certain officers to go. through the country, to collect them again into communities, and direct them in building houses 正。晰夜 1 How goes the night? It is not yet midnight. 止。之夜 The torch is blazing in the court-yard. My princely men are arriving; There is the tinkling of their bells. 2 How goes the night? The night is not yet through. The torch is growing pale in the court-yard. There is the sound of their bells, regular and near. Ode 8. Narrative. DESCRIBING THE ANXIETY OF SOME KING-SUPPOSED TO BE KING SEUEN -NOT TO BE LATE AT HIS MORNING LEVEE. The Preface says that while this ode is in praise of for themselves. L. 4 describes the misery of the scattered people. If we interpret it of the officers, as Ying-tah, Yen Ts'an, and others do, we lose the analogy between the corresponding lines of st 2. We must suppose that king Seuen, it was also intended to admonish him; and, as there is nothing of admonition in · is the subject of 4-, to pity; the language, the critics of the old school have 矜人, 'men in a pitiable condition.' St. 2. A low wall is called . Këang Pingchang observes that indicates the work of the officers in deliberating, determining the ground, and leading on the people to build. The walls were built of earth and lime, beaten together in a frame, layer after layer. The frame was ten cubits in length, and 5 frames together formed a too (堵), so that walls to the extent of 100 too were 5,000 cubits in length. ,'at length,' 'in the end.' Ll. 3-6 in st. 3 are taken as in praise of the officers, who had manifested a sympathy with the people, and an appreciation of their sufferings, which, if they had not been wise men, they would not have done. The whole piece is perplexing and obscure. various ingenious methods of explaining why that character should be attributed to the piece; -with which we need not trouble ourselves. Each stanza is to be taken as a soliloquy of the king, waking now and again, in his anxiety not to be late. All the stanzas. (read ke, 1st tone) is the particle at the end of interrogative lines,as in I.ix.III. L.2, 'the middle;' 一盡‘to be completed;鄉一向ver ging toward.' L. 3. The t'ing-leaou was a large torch kept burning all night (inside the entrance gate, leading to the hall), of links or faggots bound together,-100 in the court-yard of the king's palace, 50 in that of a duke's, &c. The princes and nobles repaired to the king's hall of audience at early dawn, when the king would be ready to receive them. The royal personage in this piece awakes again and again, and judges of the time from what was, or what he fancied must be, the state of the great torch. The rhymes are–in st.1,羽 野 ..寡,晰晰 describes its appearance when well cat. 5, t. 2: in 2,, .,, cat. 5, t. 3: spent, and, its app. as shining dimly in 3,,,, cat. 2. through its smoke;—this meaning of does 旂觀止子煇燎晨夜何夜 其言至君有庭 3 How goes the night? It is getting towards morning. The torch is smoking in the court-yard. My princely men are arriving; I see their banners. IX. Meen shouy. 其如 Rapid is that flying falcon, Now soaring, now resting. Alas! among my brethren, My countrymen, my friends, No one is willing to think of the prevailing disorder; [But] who has not parents [to suffer from it]? 2 In large volume, those flowing waters not appear in the dictionary, but Choo gives it The rhymes are—in st. 1, Я, *,#, cat. (煇=火氣), and it is demanded by the 10:n2,艾晰,噦cat.15,t.8:in3,晨.. connection. L. 5. Both Maou and Choo explain 煇旂*, cat.13. 君子by諸侯 ‘the feudal princes.’I apprehend there must be intended here by the phrase the ministers of the royal court rather, and any princes of States who might be in the capital at the time. The arrival of them mentioned in stt.1,2, could only be imaginary. L.6. 鸞聲 -see on I.xii.II. 3. $. "see on I.vii.IX. 2. Hwuy-hwuy represents the sound of the bells, as the horses moved leisurely and orderly. 旂as in i.VIII. 3. Ode 9. Allusive. BEWAILING THE DISORDER OF THE TIMES, AND THE GENERAL INDIFFERENCE TO IT, AND TRACING IT TO THE SLANDERERS ENCOURAGED BY THE CONDUCT OF MEN IN AUTHORITY. The Preface says the piece was intended to admonish and correct king Seuen. The critics of the old school differ so much among themselves in assigning the historical ground for such a view (see, e.g., Yen Tsan and Këang Pingchang, in loc.), that I shall not enter on any discussion of it. Yet he keeps along the middle of the height. The talk of the people, Is there no means of stopping it? If my friends would reverently [watch over themselves], Would slanderous speeches be made? X. Hoh ming. 鶴鳴 渚在淵潛野聞臯于鶴Ã鶴 樂于或在魚于聲九鳴 鳴 1 The crane cries in the ninth pool of the marsh, And her voice is heard in the [distant] wilds. The fish lies in the deep, And now is by the islet. Ll.1,2, in stanzas. is descriptive of the large volume of water fiowing along. 朝宗 于海 ,-see the Shoo, III.ii. Pt. i. 47. was the name appropriate to the app. of the feudal princes at court in the spring, and -as in to their app. in the summer. 湯湯 I.v.IV.4;-see also the the Shoo, I. 11. L1.3,4, in stt.1,2, and 1,2 in st. 3. Choo supposes, with great probability, that two lines are lost at the commencement of st.3, corresponding to the two with which stt.1,2 begin. L.3,−as in IV. 3. 揚揚起, spreads its wings and rises.'- 'to follow,' 'to keep along.' The first 4 lines in stt.1 and 2 may suggest the idea that the troubles might yet be restricted within certain limits. L1. 5–8 in st. 1, contain an appeal by the writer to all his countrymen, and a complaint of their indifference to the common weal, 1. 8 suggesting an issue which might rouse their concern. The same lines in st.2 describe the writer's own feelings.蹟a foot-mark; 不蹟 -'those who do not keep the foot-mark, i.e who deviate into unauthorized ways of their own. L. 6. pictures vividly the writer's anxiety and mental trouble. In st. 3, 訛言 is the idle, baseless, talk (訛 not quite = false') of the people, caused by the slanderous misrepresentations propagated by unworthy men in a higher position.,-as in L. seem to allude to the troubled and uncertain iii. IV.懲=止,to stop.' 友 must here state of the kingdom, while the first 2 in st.3 | be taken of the writer's friends, men in eminent |