朝旣之中有囊兮彤 之。 3 The red bows unbent Were received and placed in their cases. I have here an admirable guest, And with all my heart I love him. The bells and drums have been arranged in order, And all the morning will I pledge him. II. Ts'ing-ts'ing chay ngo. 有樂君旣中在者 装 羣覺盅 而装養 儀。且子見阿。彼莪。 1 Luxuriantly grows the aster-southernwood, In the midst of that large mound. Since we see our noble lord, We rejoice, and he shows us all courtesy. posterity.' Thus the first two lines in each stanza are the words of the recipient prince; and the last four are the words of the donor king! We must take the whole stanza as if from the king. The bows had been presented by the proper officer, who prepared them. They had then been received and deposited in the royal treasury or arsenal. refers to the attaching of the bow to a bamboo frame, to keep it from warping;-see on I.xi.III.3, where the frame is called 竹閉橐= 韜 ̇a bow-case;'–used here as a verb. Ll. 3,4.中心一心中,as in L.iii. V.1; et al. 祝一與, to give to.. L1. 5, 6. 'to feast,' is the name for the highest style of entertainment, where there was the greatest profusion of viands. At the ‘entertainments (t),' drinking was the principal thing; at the heang or banquets, the table, or, to speak more correctly, the ground, was loaded with provisions. The entertainments' were given later in the day, and might be continued on into the night (see the last ode of last Book); the banquet took place early, and did not admit of easy familiarity. The bells and drums in 1.5 are the musical instruments em ployed on the occasion. I can make nothing 者菁 莪菁 Ch'ing takes the phrase as=. the morning;' Lacharme translates it by aliquan- The rhyines are st. 1,藏貺響, cat. 10: in 2,載喜右, cat. 1, t. 2: in 3,招, 橐*।好,醻, cat. 3, t. 2. Ode 2. Allusive and metaphorical. AN ODE CELEBRATING THE ATTENTION PAID BY THE EARLY This is the account of the ode given in the Pre- 君在 子。彼 我心則喜 中沚. 既見君子 2 Luxuriantly grows the aster-southernwood. In the midst of that islet. Since we see our noble lord, Our hearts are full of joy. 3 Luxuriantly grows the aster-southernwood, In the midst of that great height. We see our noble lord, And he gives us a hundred sets of cowries. 4 It floats about,-the willow boat, Now sinking, now rising again. Since we see our noble lord, Our hearts are at rest. Ll. 1, 2, in stt. 1-3. -nearly as in I. x. VI. 2. The is a kind of southernwood, called 莪蒿蘿蒿, and by other names. Luh Ke says that it grows in damp and marshy grounds, tall and bushy, and that in the 3d month, its stalks may be eaten, either raw or cooked. Seu observes that this ode affords sufficient evidence that the plant grows in dry as well as moist situations. The Japanese plates to the She say that the ngo is now commonly called 'the aster of Corea (). The white flower with which it is there depicted is very like that of a chrysanthemum.-The growth of the plant, so abundant in different places, is supposed to suggest the idea of the abundance of men of talent, only needing cultivation. L1. 3, 4, 君子, on the view which I have followed, is to be referred to the king,-referred to him visiting or inspecting the schools of the State. That there were such, even in the early days of the Chow dynasty, will hereafter clearly 妾。 must have the same subject. The difficulty is the same, whether we adopt the old interpretation of the ode, or that of Choo. L. 4, st. 3, on the old view, indicates that the king, having provided for the training of the talents, saw also to their being thereafter furnished with offices and salary. Up to the time of the Ts'in dynasty, cowries were current as money in China, nor did such a currency even then immediately cease. According to Choo and many others, 5 shells constituted a p'ăng () or set; but Ying-tah gives a difft. account. The shells, he says, were of five classes, according to their size, the largest measuring 4.8 in, and those of the 4th class 1.2 in. Two shells of each of these 4 classes constituted a set, the very smallest not being reckoned. appear. There is a difficulty with 且有儀, 17: in 2,沚喜,cat.1,t.2: in 3,陵朋 as we naturally understand that and cat. 6: in 4,,,, cat. 3, t. 1. III. Luh yueh. 以王我玁載四 戎 匡于是狁是牡 王出用孔常騤旣 1 F. 1...J. B. G. V. 急R熾。服 1 In the sixth month all was bustle and excitement. The war carriages had been made ready, With the four steeds [of each], strong and eager; 六月 And the regular accoutrements had been placed in the car- The Heen-yun were in blazing force, the mention of it was intended to show the urgency of the occasion, it being contrary to rule and custom to undertake any military expedition till the labours of the husbandman were all over. 棲樓 is descriptive of the inquietude of the people (不安之貌); Maou says, 'of selecting and examining carriages and horses.' That, however, was only one form which the inquietude took. -war Ode 3. Narrative. CELEBRATING A SUCCESSFUL EXPEDITION AGAINST THE HEEN-YUN, AND ESPECIALLY THE CHARACTER AND CONDUCT OF KEIH-FOO COMMANDING IT. With this ode commence what are called 'the Ya odes of a changed character().' The twenty-two pieces which precede are all, as we saw, referred to the earlier and more prosperous times of the Chow dynasty. This and the thirteen which follow are all referred, by the critics of the old school, to the time of king Seuen (宣王), monarch of great merit, B. C. 826-781, in whose first year the expedition here commemorated took place. Choo says, 'After kings, to put into good condition." Ching and Kang, the House of Chow fell into Kwei-k'wei,-as in i. VII. 5. decay. Le, the eighth king from Kang, was so oppressive, that the people drove him from the capital, when he took up his residence in Che (in Hoh Chow, dep. Ping-yang, Shan-se). The Heen-yun took advantage of this internal disorder, and invaded and ravaged the country, a till, on the king's death, his son Tsing (), known as king Seuen, succeeded to the throne, and despatched against them Yin Keih-foo, whose successful operations were sung by the writer of this piece.' We saw on the 7th ode of Bk. I., how troublesome the Heen-yun were at the commencement of the dyn. of Chow. The ode now before us being narrative, and ending with the return of Keih-foo from the expedition, all the stanzas but the last must, evidently, be translated in the past tense. The writer had been in the expedition himself, or at least he identifies himself with it. St. 1. 'The sixth month' is taken by most commentators as the 6th month of the Hëa year, which would be the last month of summer. chariots.' Of these there were five kinds. See the Chow Le, Pt. III. Bk. XI., on the duties of the denotes the various articles in which the soldiers accoutred themselves for battle. On the march they did not wear them. Whether we are told here that they were conveyed in the war-chariots or in the baggage waggons, I cannot say. 'on this account.' is to be taken as an active verb, and we are not to suppose, as some do, that the king himself took the field. The is the particle. Ch'ing makes a great blunder with it. Having said that it =, which is allowable, itself being often used expletively, he proceeds to take that term as the verb 'to say,' and finds in and the next line the king's charge to the general. E E, 'to save and rectify.' I suppose that by 王國 we are to understand the whole king Whether the month was that of Hea or Chow, dom, and not the royal State merely. 以武膚顒,四司以 顒,四以三我則。比 之公薄牡佐 十服。 服。維物 王服有伐修 修天里。我 國共嚴 武有狁其 之翼。以大 服共奏有 此六月 于 出 征于成維 2 Matched in strength were the four black steeds, Well trained to observe every rule. On this sixth month, We completed our accoutrements. Our accoutrements were compteted, And we marched thirty le [every day]. 3 The four steeds were long, and stout, And large-headed. We smote the Hëen-yun, And achieved great merit. Severely strict and careful [was our leader], Discharging his military service,— Discharging his military service, And settling thereby the royal kingdom. St. 2. L. 1. 物 is a designation of the horses | expletive, but the whole line=日行三十 with reference to their essential quality of strength. In the Chow Le, IV.v., on the duties of the 校人, we are told that on great civil occasions of the State, the horses were given 里,asin the translation. L.8. 天子-王國 in last stanza. St. 3. 修長,‘long.' The first two lines out, all for the same carriage of the same colour are descriptive of the horses. (毛馬而頒之), but on occasion of war, 物馬而頒之 they thinged the horses, and gave them out,” i. e., they gave them out, all for the same carriage of equal strength (齊其力).1.2.閑閑習,to train, ‘to exercise.' The Complete Digest' expands As Ts'aou Suy chung (曹粹中) says, belly and back; and, the largeness of their heads.' 'Large-headed' is the definition of the last character in the Shwoh-wăn, though Maon and Choo explain it here simply by 'large-look the line, 閑習之而皆中法則ing 薄-as in i. VIII. 5, et al. 膚公一大 'exercised them, and they all did everything, 'great merit;' so, both Choo and Maou. L. according to the proper rule.' L.5. Thirty le 5 and the lines that follow are interpreted of the was the regular stage for an army on march. commander of the expedition, or of him and the The translation must be supplemented. We can leaders under him, as uniting the qualities of make nothing of 于 more than to treat it as an | strict command(嚴=威), and of cautious 萬于且軒。戎以旆涇穫玁 邦大閑。四車 車先央 陽。侵狁 原。 原薄牡旣 啟央 嬂鎬匪 文伐安 元文及茹。 戎 方。 武玁佶。如 吉狁旣輊 如 甫至 4 Badly reckoned the Hëen-yun, 十草。至 乘。白于焦 When they confidently occupied Tseaou and Hwoh, And overran Haou and Fang, As far as to the north of the King. On our flags was their blazonry of birds, While their white streamers fluttered brightly. Ten large war chariots Led the way in front. 5 The war carriages were well made. Nicely balanced, before and behind. Their four steeds were strong, For peace or for war fit is Keih-foo, prudence (翼=敬).共供‘to pro vide,' 'to discharge.' St. 4,茹一度,‘to measure,' 'to calcuIate;'–see on I. iii. I. 2.整一整齊 to put in order.' The word intimates the boldness and confidence of the operations of the Hëen-yun. L1.2–4 describe further to what extent they had entered the royal territories; but there is a difficulty in identifying Tseaou, Hwoh, and Fang. Haou is probably the name of the capital. 涩,−see on Liii. X. 4.織 is used for 幟,‘a flag’文and章 are synonyms; here='orna St. 5. I believe I have given the meaning of the first two lines correctly, being descriptive of the firm and secure manner in which the carriages were made; but I can hardly tell the force of 如輊如軒. The Shwoh-wăn defines 輊by低, low,’and the Ching-yun (正韻) dict. says, that it means, ‘a carriage heavily laden in front;" on the other hand, ‘a carriage high in front' is called . These war carriages looked neither high nor low, but kept as it were, level, and were well adapted for ments, blazonry: The (birds' are the falcons| fighting from. 佶=壯健貌 ‘strong on the :-see i. VIII. 2; but we must not sup- looking.' T'ae-yuen was in the dep. still so pose that only that one flag was displayed in named in Shan-se, in the dis. of Yang-k'ëuh this expedition. L. 6,-see on i. VIII. 2, 3. 元(陽曲)文武‘civil and military,’' tam 一天, great. Marte quam Mercurio.憲法‘pattern.’ |