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1

示是

瑟萃。中

鹿鹿

我將。笙賓。

鳴。鳴

鹿鳴之什二之一

With pleased sounds the deer call to one another,

Eating the celery of the fields.

I have here admirable guests;

小經

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小雅二

The lutes are struck, and the organ is blown [for them];

The organ is blown till its tongues are all moving.

The baskets of offerings [also] are presented to them.

The men love me,

And will show me the perfect path.

TITLE OF THE PART. 小雅二,‘Part II,

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Minor Odes of the Kingdom. Odes of the kingdom' is not, indeed, a translation of 雅;but the phrase approximates nearer to a description of what the pieces in this and the next part are than any other I can think of. 雅 is explained by E, 'correct.' Lacharme translates the title by Parvum Rectum,' adding-quia in hac

parte mores describuntur recti illi quidem, qui tamen

nonnihil a recto deflectunt.' But the pieces in this Part, as descriptive of manners, are not less correct, or less incorrect, as the case may be, than those in the next. The difference between them is that these were appropriate to lesser occasions, and those to greater. The former,

as Choo He says, were sung at festal entertainments in the court; the latter at gatherings of the feudal princes, and their appearances at the

野之芩

野敖嘉傚君昭嘉野 賓我子視賓之呦 式是民德蒿。鹿

呦 苓鹿

我鳴。 燕煎署我鳴。 以酒,是佻,孔有食

有食

2 With pleased sounds the deer call to one another,

Eating the southernwood of the fields.

I have here admirable guests,

Whose virtuous fame is grandly brilliant.

They show the people not to be mean;

The officers have in them a pattern and model.

I have good wine,

Which my admirable guests drink, enjoying themselves. 3 With pleased sounds the deer call to one another, Eating the salsola of the fields.

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Ode 1. Allusive. A FESTAL ODE, SUNG AT ENTERTAINMENTS TO THE KING'S MINISTERS, AND GUESTS FROM THE FEUDAL STATES. In the piece we read of guests' simply, but not of ministers or officers. Ying-tah says the officers became the king's guests, when feasted as the ode describes. On this view the entertainment would not include envoys from States, which it does according to Choo He. The piece is referred, though not by Choo, to the time of king Wăn.

I have here admirable guests, royal court. The names small' and 'great,' 'minor' and major,' may have had reference also to the length of the pieces, and to the style of the music to which they were sung, and which is now lost; but we shall find that in the subject-matter of the pieces there is a sufficient ground for such a distinction. As the Fung, or the compositions in the first Part, were produced in the different feudal states, the Ya were produced in the royal territory. The first twentytwo pieces of this Part are attributed, indeed, to the duke of Chow himself, and are distinguished from those that follow as the odes of Chow and the South,' and 'Shaou and the South' are distinguished from the other Books of Part I. As there were the correct Fung (正風)'and (變風) E' and 'the Fung degenerate (H. so there are the correct Ya,' and 'the degenerate Ya.' It was proper to sing the Ya only on great and on solemn occasions at the royal court; in course of time they were used at the feudal courts, and even by ministers of the States, as in the services of the Ke family in Loo in the time of Confucius (Ana III. ii.); but this was a usurpation, a consequence of the decay into which the House of Chow fell.

TITLE OF THE BOOK.-鹿鳴之什

-, 'Decade of Luh-ming; Book I. of Part II.' The pieces in Pt. 1 are all arranged under the names of the States to which they belonged. In the Parts, II., III., however, they are collected in tens (+), and classified under the name of the first piece in each collection. The only ex

ception, in respect of the number, is the third Book of Part III.

Ll. 1, 2, in all the stt. Maou makes yëw-yëw to be simply the cry of the deer, calling to one another; Choo makes it descriptive of the harmony of their cry.' Maou is wrong in identifying here with, ‘duckweed;'-see on I. is, probably, as Williams celery ;'-'with a green leaf, stalks like quills, edible both

IV. 1. The calls it, a kind of white inside, and raw and cooked.' southernwood.

is, probably the male is described by Maou merely as 'a grass.' It is a marshy plant, with leaves like the bamboo, a creeper. Cattle generally are fond of it, as well as deer. Williams, says, 'perhaps a kind of salsola.' From the deer browsing happily the writer proceeds to the guests and their entertainment.

St. 1, 3–8. 鼓瑟
簧一

—as in I. x. II. 3.
-see on I. vi. III. 1.

and
-as in Li.
III. 1. The baskets here must be supposed to
be filled with pieces of silk, or other offerings.
- 'to bear,'-'to bring in.' -7.

'to do. The presenting of baskets of offerings
is performed.' This was part of the entertain-

心嘉以有且琴鼓瑟嘉 湛和瑟鼓賓。

賓燕

之樂酒。我樂鼓琴。鼓

For whom are struck the lutes, large and small.

The lutes, large and small, are struck,

And our harmonious joy is long-continued.

I have good wine,

To feast and make glad the hearts of my admirable guests.

II. Sze mow.

傷盬王不倭騑四
悲我事懷遲。周牡
心糜歸豈道騑

1 My four steeds advanced without stopping;
The from Chow was winding and tedious.

way

Did I not have the wish to return?

四牡

But the king's business was not to be slackly performed;
And my heart was wounded with sadness.

ment, the host signifying by his gifts his appre

Ode 2. Narrative and allusive. A FESTAL

ciation of his guests. The 之 in 1. 7 is merely ODE, COMPLIMENTARY TO AN OFFICER ON HIS

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RETURN FROM AN EXPEDITION, CELEBRATING THE
UNION IN HIM OF LOYAL DUTY AND FILIAL FEEL-

itself to suggest its being composed for a festal
ING. There is certainly nothing in the ode
occasion, and to compliment the officer who
narrates his story in it. Both Maou and Choo,
however, agree in the above account of it. It
was not written, they say, by the officer himself,
but was put into his mouth, as it were, to express
the sympathy of his royal entertainer with him,
and appreciation of his devotion to duty. There
affections and loyal duty, which we met with in
appear strikingly in it the union of family
several of the pieces in Part I.; and the merit
of king Wăn, to whose times it is assigned,

shines out in the allowance which he makes for

those affections.

Stt.1, 2. 騑騑 is defined as ‘the app. of advancing without ever stopping' Choo takes the great way;’Maou, 周道as=大路,

as I have done in the translation. Acc. to this view, the ode must belong to the time when King Wăn was still endeavouring to unite the

States in allegiance to the last King of Shang,

in whose service the expedition referred to must

have been undertaken. Williams says that 倭遲

means‘returning from a distance;’but

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2 My four steeds advanced without stopping;

騑。

事駱

They panted and snorted, the white steeds black-maned.
Did I not have the wish to return?

But the king's business was not to be slackly performed,

And I had not leisure to kneel or to sit.

3 The Filial doves keep flying about,
Now soaring aloft, and now descending,
Collecting on the bushy oaks;

But the king's business was not to be slackly performed,
And I had not leisure to nourish my father.

4 The Filial doves keep flying about,

Now flying, now stopping,

Collecting on the bushy medlars.

But the king's business was not to be slackly performed,

And I had not leisure to nourish my mother.

that is not the meaning. 倭 here winding,' “tortuous. The dict., in voc., says that 倭遲 逶迤遮·委蛇威遅and委移 are all synonymous. I have followed Maou in the translation of tan-tan. Choo takes the

characters as meaning ‘numerous.’駱 is the

name for a white horse with a black mane.

The

conflict of affection and duty appears in 11. 3, 4. L. 4.–see on I. x. VIII. 1. 啟=跪,‘to kneel;’ 處居 or 坐,‘to sit' Anciently, there

were no such things as chairs. People sat on mats:–if before a superior, kneeling, on their knees, with the body straight; if at their ease, they sat on the ground, leaning on a bench or stool. The two characters in combination signify-'to rest.'

Stt. 3, 4. Medhurst calls the chuy, a turtle dove,' but it is a different bird from the

different names by which it is called; but by none of them can I exactly identify it. It is said to be remarkable for its filial affection; and I have called it therefore 'the Filial dove.' This

idea seems to be the basis of the allusion from it to the speaker in these two stanzas. Peenp'ëen denote ‘the app. of flying.' 飛

mustm:

-as in I. x. VIII. 1.

上,‘flying aloft.’栩
杷 here is difft. from the willow tree of the
same name in I. vii. 1. This is the 枸杞 pro-
bably a kind of medlar,-as both Medhurst and

Williams say. The finest trees of the sort are
said to be in Kan-suh, and Shen-se. Its young
leaves, like those of a pomegranate tree, but softer
and thinner, are edible. It grows in a bushy
manner to the height of 3 and 5 cubits, puts
forth purplish flowers in the 6th or 7th month,
and produces a red fruit, longish like a date.

One of its names is 'goats' teats,' from the shape

鳴鳩 and smaller. Yen Ts'an enumerates 14 | of the fruit. 將=養,to nourish.’

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