made it his own clan-name. One surname branched out into many clan-names, and one clan-name branched out again into many family names (姓分而為氏氏艾 分而爲族)- Tso-she would make it ap pear here that Woo-heae had no clan-name till after his death;-which is not to be believed. His record of events is very much to be relied the style of the classic, he is sure to be mistaken on; but as to every ten of his devices to explain in five or six of them. Ninth year. 三月癸 使南季 于冬秋夏挾 大雨三使九 防。公七城卒。雨震月南年 會月郎。 雪。電癸季春 庚西來天 會齊侯 辰大聘。王 我覆救者而車冬絕之夏雨書左 大奔 無獲,整寇其戎 鄭使。宋公郎。三也。日, 祝繼必貪而侵 齊人 十聃矣務 軼鄭 侯以 ·逐乃進無去我 我鄭三 于王 月之可進親之,也 防。命 甲衷以而勝君公禦謀來 寅.戎,遇不為子之伐 鄭師,從覆木 相三突惠宋 2.必讓覆日戎也。宋。 .盡前者救戎我 宋不書日庚九 以王不 辰,年, 郭伯也 也為 之爲 役王 不士 雪.失霖 也。以 殪遇不先輕剛我 IX. 1 In [the duke's] ninth year, in spring, the king [by] Hea 2 ven's [grace] sent Nan Ke to Loo with friendly inquiries. In the third month, on the day Kwei-yew, there was great rain, with thunder and lightning. On [the day] Kăngshin there was a great fall of snow. 3 Höeh died. 4 In summer, we walled Lang. 5 It was autumn, the seventh month. 6 In winter, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts'e in Fang. Par. 1. See on p. 6 of 7th year. Nan is the clan-name, and Ke the designation of the officer, the king's messenger. Par. 2. The Chuen says on this:-'In spring, in the king's 3d month, on the day Kwei-yëw, there was great rain without ceasing, accompanied with thunder;-this describes the beginning of the storm. On the day Kang-shin, there was a great fall of snow;-this also in the same way describes its unseasonableness. When rain continues for more than three days, it is called a great rain 2). When it lies a foot deep on the ground, there has been a great fall of snow. The 3d month of Chow's spring was only the 1st month of spring, when thunder and much snow were certainly unseasonable phænomena. Par. 3. Höeh (Kung and Kuh have 俠) was an officer of Loo, a scion of the ruling House, belonging, Tso-she would say, to a branch which had not yet received a clan-name. Par. 4. See the Chuen after p. 2, 1st year. Lang was in the north-east of pres. dis. city was angry, and broke off all communication with Sung. In autumn, an officer of Ching came announcing the king's command to attack Sung; and in winter the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts'e in Fang, to arrange for doing so.' [The Chuen appends here the following narrative: The northern Jung [their seat was in pres. dep. of Yung-p'ing, Chih-le] made a sudden raid into Ch'ing. The earl withstood them, but was troubled by the nature of their troops, and said, " They are footmen, while we have chariots. The fear is lest they fall suddenly upon us.” His son Tuh said, ‘Let a body of bold men, but not persistent, feign an attack upon the thieves, and then quickly draw off from them; and at the same time place three bodies in ambuscade to be ready for them. The Jung are light and nimble, but have no order; they are greedy and have no love for one another; when they conquer, no one will yield place to his tries to save another. When their front men fellow; and when they are defeated, no one see their success [in the retreat of our skir of Yu-tae (魚臺). The walling Lang at mishers], they will think of nothing, but to this time, Tso-she says, was unseasonable. Par. 5. See on VI. 3. Par. 6. Fang (Kung and Kuh have 邴) was push forward. When they are thus advancing, and fall into the ambush, they will be sure to hurry away in flight. Those behind will not go to their rescue, so there will be no support to in Loo;–in dis. of Pe, dep. E-chow. As pre-them; and thus your anxiety may be relieved." liminary to the meeting here, the Chuen has:The duke of Sung had not been discharging his duty to the king [by appearing at court], and the earl of Ch'ing, as the king's minister of the Left, assumed a king's order to punish him, and invaded Sung, the duke of which, resenting our duke's conduct when his suburbs were entered, [see Chuen on V.5], sent no information of his present difficulties. Our duke The earl followed this plan. As soon as the front men of the Jung met with those who were in ambuscade, they fled, pursued by Chuh Tan. Their detachment was surrounded; and smitten both in front and in rear, till they were all cut to pieces. The rest of the Jung made a grand flight. It was in the 12th month, on the day Kêah-yin that the army of Ching inflicted this great defeat on the Jung.'] Tenth year. 郕冬伐宋秋辛六宋夏擲十 十取人宋未月,翬伯年, 帥于春 月之蔡人取主 十月壬午齊人鄭人 人衞郜。戌、師 市中 衞人辛公 會 人巳 伐鄭取宋 戴. 防。師 菅。 軍帥師會齊人鄭人伐 十年春王二月公會齊侯 冬母不旣鄭衛秋正以我未戌六月伯左 齊九和入伯人七蔡之王君歸公月羽于傅 人月,而鄭圍入月人體命子于敗 鄭戊敗,而戴鄭,庚衛也討謂我 中日, 申,先丘。十 X. 1 In his tenth year, in spring, in the king's second month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts'e and the earl of Ch'ing in Chung-k'ëw. 2 In summer, Hwuy led a force, and joined an officer of Ts'e and an officer of Ch'ing in an invasion of Sung. 3 4 In the sixth month, on [the day] Jin-seuh, the duke defeated an army of Sung at Kwan. On the day Sin-we, we took Kaou; on the day Sin-sze, we took Fang. 5 In autumn, an army of Sung and an army of Wei entered Ch'ing. 6 The army of Sung, the army of Ts'ae, and the army of Wei attacked Tae. The earl of Ching attacked and took them [all.] 7 In winter, in the tenth month, on the day Jin-woo, an army of Ts'e and an army of Ch'ing entered Shing. Par. 1. Chung-k'ew,—see VII. 3. This meeting was a sequel to that in p. 6 of last year. The Chuen says on it: -- In the 1st month, the duke had a meeting with the princes of Ts'e and Ching in Chung-k'ëw, and on the day Kwei-ch'ow they made a covenant in Tang, settling the time when they should take the field.' From this it appears they made a covenant at this time; and to the question why it is not recorded in the text, all that Too Yu can say is that the duke only mentioned the meeting in the report he took back to his ancestral temple. Too also observes that the day Kwei-ch'ow was the 26th of the 1st month, and that second month in the text must be an error. But all through this year, as often in other years, the months and days of the King and Chuen do not accord. Par. 2. The Chuen on this is:-'In summer, in the 5th month, Yu-foo, preceding the duke, joined the marquis of Ts'e and the earl of Ch'ing in invading Sung.' If this be correct, then both the marquis and earl are simply styled, ‘man’in the text ;-contrary to the general usage of the Work, where either denotes an officer, not of very high rank, or a force under the command of such an officer. Agreeing with the Chuen, Too Yu says that Hwuy hurried away, ambitious of joining the two princes, and without waiting for orders from the duke, and that therefore his name only is mentioned by the sage. But this is not more reasonable than the theory of Kung and Kuh mentioned on p. 5 of the 4th year. The text leads us to suppose that the princes of Loo, Ts'e, and Ching all sent officers and troops against Sung, in anticipation of their own advance. Par. 3. The Chuen is:-'In the 6th month, on the day Mow-shin, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts'e and the earl of Ching at Laou-t'aou, and on the day Jin-seuh he defeated an army of Sung at Kwan.' Too Yu from this concludes that Ts'e and Ch'ing were dilatory, and had not united their forces with Loo, when the duke seized an advantage presented by the army of Sung, unprepared for action, and defeated it. The situation of Kwan does not appear to have been identified. Too says it was in Sung. troops from Ts'ae, and then turned aside to attack Tae. The Chuen says: - In autumn, in the 7th month, the army of Ch'ing entered its own borders and was still there, when the troops of Sung and Wei entered the State. These were joined by a force from Ts'ae, and proceeded to attack Tae. In the 8th month, on the day Jin-seuh, the earl of Ching surrounded Tae; on Kwei-hae, he reduced it; taking at the same time the three armies. After Sung and Wei had entered Ch'ing, and then taken occasion to attack Tae, they called the forces of Ts'ae to co-operate with them. The men of Ts'ae were angry, so that there was discord among themselves, and they were defeated.' Kung and Kuh both understand, as many students do on a first look at the text, as referring to Tae, and seem to think that Ch'ing all at once made common cause with Sung, Wei, and Ts'ae and with their help took the city. But this is quite inconsistent with the relations of these States and Ching. Hoo Gan-kwoh is of opinion that (城武, dep. Yen-chow. Fang was also in Ching took advantage of the open strife and secret dissatisfaction between Tae, Sung, Wei, Par. 4. The Chuen is : - On the day Kăngwoo, the army of Ch'ing entered Kaou, and on Sin-we the earl gave it over to us. On Kăng-shin his army entered Fang, and on Sin-sze he gave it also over to us.' From the text we should infer that both Kaou and Fang were taken by the troops of Loo. Tso-she, however, goes on to moralize over his narrative:-The superior man will say that in this matter duke Chwang of Ch'ing may be pronounced a correct man. With the king's command he was punishing a prince who had forsaken the court. Not coveting his territory for himself, he rewarded with it the higher nobility of Loo:-this was a fine instance of correctness.' Kaou was 80 le to the south-east from the pres. dis.city of Shing-woo Yen-chow,west of the dis. city of Kin-hëang and Ts'ae, and so took the city and defeated (金). [The Chuen adds here:-"The people of Ts'ae, of Wei, and of Shing, did not unite with Ch'ing and the others at the king's command."] the forces of the other three States. This is the view, followed in the ‘History of the Divided States,' in its lively account of the affair. Upon the whole, the narrative in the Chuen is to be preferred, though it would be more easy to understand if it were spoken of the Par. 5. This was intended as a diversion, to compel Ch'ing to withdraw from Sung. Par. 6. Tae was a small State, having its capture of a city. chief city in pres. dis. of Kaou-ehing (考城) dep. Kwei-tih, Ho-nan. Its lords had the surname of 子, and must have been some branch, therefore, of the old House of Sung. It would appear that the officers of Sung and Wei, after There is a short Chuen appended here, that in the sth month, on the day Mow-yin, the earl of Ch'ing again entered Sung.]. Par. 7. This is understood from the Chuen appended to p. 4. Tso says here that the allies 'entered Shing to punish its disobedience to the king's command.' Shing,-see on p. 3 of entering Ching, had been joined by a body of | the 5th year. Eleventh year. 王冬伯公秋于夏朝。滕十 壬辰公甍 辰十八及七時公 有許齊月來。會 侯壬 鄭 侯有 侯年 月, 鄭午 若異擇之山 侯日, 聯貺諸朝姓之賓有周膝于之。也卜膝薛薛 君寡任于爲周有木諺君薛公我正侯侯侯 爲人,齒薛後之禮工有辱侯使不也日,日,來年, YEAR XI. 綪薛俟許之乃長膫 夏公會鄭伯于鄴謀伐許也鄭伯將伐許五月甲辰授兵于大宮公孫關與潁考叔爭車潁考叔挾輈以走子 都拔棘以逐之及大逵弗及子都怒 七月公會齊侯鄭伯伐許庚辰傅于許穎考叔取鄭伯之旗蝥弧以先登子都自下射之顚瑕叔盈叉以 鄭伯使卒出行出犬雞以詛射穎考叔者君子謂鄭莊公失政刑矣政以治民刑以正邪旣無德政又無威 丷 ⊕王取鄔劃蔫邗之田于鄭而與鄭人蘇忿生之田溫原絲樊隰郕茅向盟州陘憒懷君子是以知桓王之 失鄭也恕而行之德之則也禮之經也己弗能有而以與人人之不至不亦宜乎 |