were presuming that the new rule would be too astonishing what nonsense even the K'ang-he weak to resist their demands. 獲 most naturally leads to the conclusion that Neu was captured alive; which is inconsistent with a version of the transaction given by Kuh-lëang:-that Ke-yëw proposed to Neu that they two should decide the contest by boxing, and let their troops look on, and that then, when he found he was getting the worst, he disposed of his antagonist with a dagger which he carried about his person. editors write, on the supposition that 'Confucius could not express his condemnation so well as by leaving out her surname in this place.' Tsoshe observes that the superior man may say that the people of Ts'e dealt too severely with Gae Keang in putting her to death; for that a woman follows-has her obediences to be rendered to— the determinate male relatives.' His meaning seems to be that, as she had married from Ts'e into Loo, it belonged to Loo to deal with her; she was no longer amenable to Ts'e. Comp. II. is evidently a simple error of the text. It is xviii. 2. Second year. 冬江秋虞小夏楚 八十人九師君 五丘。 雨。盟侯滅 于宋下 貫。公,陽。 葬 我 冬,也下 秋師虢,敢故道雖為猶虞,晉所 楚必陽虢齊盟會宮請今入諫人外以荀 公寺于虞之假虢自將也府伐息 年春王正月城 左傳曰二年春諸侯城楚丘而封焉不書 所會後也 鄭,而 人貫, 也。我請也 始江虢不請道伐乃不 桑漏黃滅聽罪保鄍使 鄭民 晉于 天下妾 囚其功田師也,下遂于於三荀强之 陽。起虢逆門息諫奇 先師虞旅冀假且存也。與 虞晉許於長對日 息先南 為暱奇於道 II. 1 2 3 4 5 6 In the [duke's] second year, in spring, in the king's first month, we [aided in the] walling of Ts'oo-k'ew. In summer, in the fifth month, on Sin-sze, we buried our duchess, Gae Keang. An army of Yu and an army of Tsin extinguished Hëayang. In autumn, in the ninth month, the marquis of Ts'e, the duke of Sung, an officer of Keang, and an officer of Hwang, made a covenant in Kwan. In winter, in the tenth month, there was no rain. A body of men from Ts'oo made an incursion into Ching. Par. 1. Ts'oo-k'ëw was the new capital of Wei. The abandonment of the old capital [See on I. ii. 9], and the subsequent destruction of it by the Teih, have been described in the Chuen on IV. ii. 7, where also it is stated how the shattered remnant of the State collected again in Ts'aou. The marquis of Ts'e, however, decided that Ts'oo-k'ew [difft. from another place of the same name, also in Wei, mentioned in I. vii. 7], -60 le east of the pres. dis. city of Hwah (), dep. Ta-ming, Chih-le,-would be a better site for a capital, and arranged with the other princes to raise its walls. The Chuen says:In spring, the princes walled Ts'ook'ew, and established Wei there.' Tso thinks that no mention is made in the text of any previous meeting of the princes for this purpose, because Loo was late in arriving! In par. 2 of the previous year, it is stated that the armies of the States walled Hing , the reason being that the marquis and people of Hing had already taken up their quarters in E-e, as the head-city of their revived State. Here it is not said that the armies 'walled Wei(),' because the marquis and people were still at Ts'aou, and would remove to Ts'oo-k'ew only when it was ready for their reception. Par. 2. See III. xxii. 2. Par. 3. For the 1st time the States of Yu and Tsin appear in the text of the Ch'un Ts'ew: -the former on the eve of its extinction; the latter soon to develope into one of the greatest Powers of the period. Yu was held by the descendants of Chung-yung (1), second son of king Tae, grandfather of king Wăn, with the title of duke. Its capital was 45 le east of the pres. dis. city of Ping-luh (), Keae Chow, Shan-se. Tsin was a mar quisate, held by the descendants of Shuh-yu of Kwoh, in the north-east of the pres. dis. of Ping-luh (), dep. P'ing-yang. The possession of Hea-yang was all important to Kwoh, the State to which it belonged, and indeed to Yu also. Tsin by acquiring Hëa-yang could go on without difficulty to annex both the States. The Chuen says:- Seun Seih of Tsin requested leave from the marquis to take his team of Këuh horses and his peih of Ch'uy-keih jade, and with them borrow a way from Yu to march through it and attack Kwoh [Yu was on the south of Tsin, and Kwoh again on the south of Yu]. "They are the things I hold most precious," said the marquis. Seih replied, "But if you get a way through Yu, it is but like placing them in a treasury outside the State for a time.” "There is Kung Che-k'e in Yu," objected the duke. "Kung Che-k'e," returned the other, "is a weak man, and incapable of remonstrating he has always been with the duke of Yu, who is vigorously. And, moreover, from his youth up so familiar with him, that though he should remonstrate, the duke will not listen to him." The marquis accordingly sent Seun Seih to borrow a way through Yu, with this message:— "Formerly, K'e [a small State], against right and reason, entered your State from Teen-ling, and attacked the three gates of Ming. It suffered for its doing;-all through your Grace. Now Kwoh, against right and reason, has been keeping guards about the travellers' lodges, to make incursions from them into my southern borders, and I venture to beg a right of way from you to ask an account of its offence." The duke of Yu granted the request, and even asked to take the lead in invading Kwoh. Kung Che-k'e remonstrated with him, but in vain; and he raised his army for the enterprize. In summer, Le K'ih and Seun Seih brought on the army of Tsin, made a junction with that of Yu, and invaded Kwoh, when they extinguish ed Hea-yang. "The army of Yu is mentioned first, because of the bribes which the duke accepted.' To speak of 'extinguishing Hea-yang,' which was not a State, sounds strange; but Kuh-leang accounts for the language on the ground of the importance of the place. Maou K'e-ling even says that Hëa-yang is here another name for Yu.-See Mencius, V. Pt. i. IX. 2. Par. 4. Këang was a small State, held by Yings (),-in pres. Ho-nan. Its exact place is not determined,-some placing it in dis. of Ching-yang (正陽), dep. Joo-ning; and some | contemplated expedition of duke Hwan in To-yu. in dis. of Seih (息),Kwang-chow (光州). at Sang-tëen. The diviner Yen of Tsin said, Hwang was also a small State, held by Yings, in the same Kwang-chow. Both Këang and Hwang acknowledged the superiority of Ts'oo; their now transferring their allegiance to Ts'e is indicative of the approaching struggle between those two great States. Tso says this meeting was held to receive the submission of Këang and Hwang. Kwan (Kung, 貫澤 ) was in Sung,-10 le south-east from dis. city of Ts'aou, dep. Tsaou-chow. [The Chuen adds here:-1st. 'Teaou of Ts'e, 2d. The duke of Kwoh defeated the Jung “Kwoh is sure to perish. The duke is not afraid, though he has lost Hëa-yang, but goes on to acquire more military fame;-Heaven is taking away his insight, and increasing his disease. He is sure to take his difficulties with Tsin easily, and show no kindness to his people. He will not have five more harvests.'] Par. 5. See III. xxxi. 6. Par. 6. The Chuen says that, at this time, "Tow Chang carried off prisoner T'an Pih of chief of the eunuchs, for the 1st time let out the | Ching.’ Third year. 楚盟冬黃秋六徐夏雨。三 鄭。 怒變舟方成楚如 來齊楚秋不月 歸色于齊勤孔人齊 侯也。會 年春王正月不 不夏傳 嫁之禁囿侯我叔伐涖 篇 雨六日 之.未之蕩與棄不鄭盟。 陽不至月 絶不公蔡德可,鄭 公穀 之可公姬不日,伯 子 穀為于雨,年 謀災五自春 也,公懼,乘祥。齊欲 友會 會, 伐也。月,十不 III. 1 In the [duke's] third year, in spring, in the king's first month, it did not rain. 2 In summer, in the fourth month, it did not rain. 3 A body of men from Seu took Shoo. 5 In autumn, the marquis of Ts'e, the duke of Sung, an officer of Këang, and an officer of Hwang, had a meeting at Yang-kuh. 6 In winter, duke [Hwan's] son, Yew, went to Ts'e to make 7 a covenant. A body of men from Ts'oo invaded Ch'ing. VOL V. 18 Parr. 1, 2, 4. The Chuen says: In spring | year. The K'ang-he editors agree with Tso's it did not rain, but in summer, in the 6th month, account of the object of the meeting, though it did. From the 10th month of the previous year Kung and Kuh do not mention it. They say to the end of the 5th month of this, there had been no rain; but as it is not said "there was a that the expedition against Ts‘oo had been deterdrought," it had not amounted to a calamity." mined on in the meeting at Ching (樓), in The mention of its raining in the 6th month is He's 1st year, and that the subsequent meeting dwelt on by the critics. They contrast the three-I might say four-entries here about rain, at Kwan, and this at Yang-kuh, were held with VI. ii. 4, where seven months' want of rain specially to secure the adherence of the powerful is sunimed up in one par., saying that the various Sung, and of the distant Keang and Hwang. entries here, and especially the last one, show how duke He must have sympathized with the Yang-kuh was in Ts'e, 30 le north-east from the suffering of the people. pres. dis. city of same name, dep. Yen-chow. Par. 3. Seu,-see III. xxvi. 4. Shoo was a Par. 6. Kuh has 季 before 友: Both he small State;—in pres. dis. of Leu-këang (and Kung read for . - 'to go 江), dep. Leu-chow, Gan-hwuy. It is not easy to determine the force of, 'took,' a sequel of the meeting at Yang-kuh (Tso says: which has occurred once before in II1.ix. 6, with rather a difft. application. Kung-yang thinks that indicates the ease with which the capture was made, and Too that it indicates that only a small force was employed against Shoo. Some think that 取 is here =滅‘extin guished;' but the meaning is not so intense as that. The K'ang-he editors approve the view of Le Leen (李廉; end of the Yuen dyn.), which is reasonable;that Shoo belonged to the party of Ts'oo, and that Seu now took, and held it for a time, in the interest of Tse, to facilitate the progress of the contemplated expedition to the south. Par. 5. Tso says this meeting was to plan about the invasion of Ts'oo.' See on p. 4 of last | to and take part in. The covenant here was 齊侯爲陽穀之會來尋盟》 Loo had not been represented at the meeting, but the duke here, at the request of Ts'e, sends Ke-yew to take part in the covenant. T the earl of Ching wanted to make peace with kindness."' [The Chuen adds: The marquis of Ts'e and Ke of Ts'ae [one of his ladies] were in a boat on a lake in the park, when she made it rock. The marquis was afraid, changed colour, and forbade her; but she persisted. The marquis was angry, and sent her back to Ts'ae, without absolutely putting her away. They married her away there, however, to another.]: Fourth year. 入秋齊。楚夏杅 曹宋四 月,及人 公江執 至人,陳 自黃轅 伐人濤 楚。伐塗。 陳。 來新 許男新臣卒 是屈完來盟于師盟于召 陘。伯公,年 侵陳春 蔡侯王 蔡衞正 潰、侯、 遂鄭公 伐伯會 楚許齊 次男 139 許穆 公孫 帥師會齊 左傳日四年春齊侯以諸侯之師侵蔡蔡潰遂伐楚楚子使與師言日君處北海寡人處 南海唯是風馬牛不相及也不虞君之涉吾地也何故管仲對日昔召康公命我先君大 公曰五侯九伯女實征之以夾輔周室賜我先君履東至于海西至于河南至于穆陵北 冬十有二 至于無棣爾貢包茅不入王祭不共無以縮酒寡人是徵昭王南征而不復原人是問對 日貢之不入寡君之罪也敢不共給昭王之不復君其問諸水濱師進大於陘夏楚子使 八宋人衞 陳轅海塗畫遘申侯日師出於陳鄭之開國必甚病若出於東方觀兵於東夷循海而醫 侵許衞 其可也申侯曰善濤塗以告齊侯許之申侯見日師老矣若出於東方而遇敵懼不可用 許穆公卒于師葬之以侯禮也凡諸侯薨于朝會加一等死王事加二等於是有以衮斂 GO初晉獻公欲以驪姬爲夫人卜之不吉筮之吉公日從紙卜人日筮短龜長不如從長 且其繇日專之渝攘公之輸一薰一屆十年尙猶有臭必不可弗聽立之生笑齊其娣生 卓子及將立奚齊旣與中大夫成謀姬謂大子日君夢齊姜必速祭之大子祭于曲沃歸 |