國何以可。國君--體也,先 君之恥猶今君之心也,今君 之恥,猶先君之恥也。 國君何以爲一體。國君以 國為體,諸侯世,故國君為一 體也。 今紀無罪。此非怒與。日,非 也,古有明天子,則 必誅,必無者, 誅,至今有者,猶無明 子也。古者諸侯必有會聚之 事,相朝聘之道,號辭必稱先 君以相授,然則齊無說焉, 不可並立乎天下,故將去 粑侯者.不得不去 也。 有明天子,則襄公得為若 行乎。日,不得也 不得,則襄公曷為爲之。上 無天子,下無方伯緣恩疾 者可也。 Why does [the text] not say that Ts'e extinguished it ? It conceals the fact out of regard to duke Sëang. The Ch'un Ts'ëw conceals things out of regard to men of worth. What worthiness was there in duke Sëang? He was taking vengeance. For the boiling of his remote ancestor duke Gae at [the court of] Chow, through his being slandered by a marquis of Ke. The action of duke Sëang at this time is considered as a carrying by him to the utmost of his service of his ancestors. How so? When he was about to avenge the [old] wrong, he consulted the tortoiseshell, and was told that he would lose half his army. [He observed], “Though I should die myself, the answer should not be considered unlucky." The The ruler and the State are one. disgrace of a former ruler is the same as the disgrace of the ruler of to-day. The disgrace of the ruler of to-day is the same as the disgrace of a former ruler. How are the ruler and the State considered as one? The ruler regards the State as his body, and one ruler comes after another;hence the ruler and the State form one body. But the present [marquis of] Ke had been guilty of no offence;-was not this [extinction of him] a case of rage? No. If there had been in the ancient time an intelligent son of Heaven, the [then] marquis of Ke would have been taken off, and there would have been no [more any] marquis of Ke. His not having been taken off, and there being still a marquis of Ke, was the same as if there were no intelligent son of Heaven. Anciently the princes had their occasions of meeting together, and their interchanges of court and complimentary visits, when they made reference in their language to their predecessors as furnishing the ground of their intercourse; but nothing of the kind ever took place between Ts'e and Ke;-it was incumbent on them not to exist together under the same sky. Therefore [when Ts'e] set about removing the marquis of Ke, it could not but remove [the State of] Ke. If there had been [now] an intelligent son of Heaven, could duke Sëang have done what he did? No. Why then did he do it? When there is in the highest position [as it were] no son of Heaven, and below him no president of the quarter of the kingdom, one can for himself repay his long-standing wrongs and obligations of a contrary kind.' 僖公二年三章虞師晉師滅夏陽。 The second year of duke He, par.3. An army of Yu and an army of Tsin extinguished Hea-yang. 公羊傳日,虞,微國也,曷為 穀梁傳日,非國而日滅重 序乎大國之上使虞首惡也。夏陽也。 曷為使虞首惡.虞受賂假 虞無師,其日師,何也,以其 滅國道,以取亡焉 先晉,不可以不言師也。 其受賂奈何.獻公朝諸大 其先晉何也 為主乎滅夏 夫而問焉,曰寡人夜寢而 陽也,夏陽者,虞虢之塞邑 不寐其意何也。諸大夫有進也,滅夏陽而虞虢舉矣。 對者日寢不安與其諸侍 虞之為主乎滅夏陽,何也。 御有不在者與.獻公不應荀 晉獻公欲伐虢,荀息曰君 息進日,虞郭見與獻公揖 何不以屈產之乘垂 而進之遂與之入,而謀日,璧而借道乎處也。公曰,此 吾欲攻郭,則虞救之.攻虞,晉國之寶也,如受吾幣而 則郭救之如之何,願與子 不借吾道,則如之何荀息 慮之,荀息曰,君若用臣之 日此小國之 日,此小國之所以事大 大國 謀則今日取郭,而明日取也,彼不借吾道,必不敢受 虞爾君何憂焉。獻公曰然 吾幣如受吾幣而借吾道 則奈何荀息日,請以屈產 則是我取之中府,而藏之 之乘垂棘之白璧往必可 外府,取之中厩而置之外 得也,則寶出之內藏藏之 厩也。公曰.宮之奇存焉,必 外府,馬出之內厩繫之外廏不使受之也。荀息曰,宮之 爾,君何喪焉。獻公曰諾雖 奇之為人也,達心而懦文 然宮之奇存焉如之何。荀少長於君,達心則其言略, 息日,宮之奇知則知矣,雖 懦則不能強諫,少長於君, 然,虞公貪而好寶,見寶必 則君輕之且夫玩好在耳目 不從其言請終以往。於是 之前而患在一國之後,此 終以往虞公見寶許諾宮 中知以上,乃能慮之臣料 果諫,記日,脣亡則齒 虞君中知以下也,公遂借道 虞郭之相救,非相爲賜,而伐虢,宮之奇諫日,晉國 晉今日取郭,而明日虞 之使者,其辭卑而幣重,必 而亡爾,君請勿許也。虞 不便於虞。虞公弗聽遂受 公不從其言終假之道以取其幣而借之道。宮之奇諫 郭。還四年反取虞虞公抱 日語日脣亡則齒寒其斯 寶牽馬而至荀息見日臣 之謂與。挈其妻子以奔曹。 之謀何如。獻公曰,子之謀 公虢五年而後舉虞。 則已行矣,寶則吾寶也,雖荀息牽馬操璧而前日,璧則 然吾馬之齒亦已長矣。蓋 猶是也,而馬齒加長矣。 戲之也。 The Chuen of Kuh-lëang says: The use of the term "extinguished," when it 攜果 夏陽者何。郭之邑也 葛不繫于郭。國之也。 曷為國之。君存焉爾。 The Chuen of Kung-yang says:-'Yu was a small State; why is it that it is here made to take precedence of a great one? To make Yu take the lead in the wickedness. Why is Yu made to take the lead in the wickedness? Yu received the bribes with which those who [were going to] extinguish the State [of Kwoh] borrowed a way through it, and thus brought on its own ruin. How did it receive [those] bribes? Duke Heen [of Tsin] gave audience to his great officers, and asked them why it was that he had lain all night without sleeping. One of them advanced and said, "Was it because you did not feel at ease [in your mind]? or was it because your [proper] bedfellow was not by your side ?" The duke gave no answer, and then Seun Seih came forward and said, "Was it because Yu and Kwoh were appearing to you?" The duke motioned to him to come [more] forward, and then went with him into an inner apartment to take counsel. "I wish," said he, "to attack Kwoh, but Yu will go to its relief, and if I attack Yu, Kwoh will succour it; -what is to be done? I wish to consider the case with you." Seun Seih replied, "If you will use my counsel, you shall take Kwoh to-day, and Yu tomorrow; why should your lordship be troubled?" "How is this to be accomplished?" asked the duke. "Please let [me go to Yu]," said the other, "with your team of K'euh horses and your white peih of Ch'uy-keih, and you are sure to get [what you want]. It will only be taking your valuable peih] from your inner treasury, and depositing it in an outer one, and taking your horses from an inner stable, and tying them up in an outer one; your lordship will lose nothing by it." The duke said, "Yes; but Kung Che-k'e is there. What are we do with him?" Seun Seih replied, "Kung Chek'e is indeed knowing; but the duke of Yu is covetous, and fond of valuable is not a State that is spoken of, arises from the importance of Hea-yang. Yu had no army;-why is its army mentioned here? Because it took the lead of Tsin [in the affair], and it was necessary therefore to speak of its ariny. How did it take the lead of Tsin? Hea-yang. Hea-yang was a strong city of It presided over the extinguishing of Yu and Kwoh. If it could be extinguished, then both Yu and Kwoh might be dealt with. In what way did Yu preside over the extinguishing of Hea-yang? 66 Duke Heen of Tsin wanted to invade Kwoh, and Seun Seih said to him, "Why should not your lordship take your team of K'ëuh horses, and your peih of Ch'uykeih, and with them borrow a way through Yu?" "Those are the most precious things in the State of Tsin," said the duke. Suppose Yu should receive my offerings, and not lend us the passage, in what position should we be?" But," replied Seun Seih, "this is the way in which a small State serves a great one. If Yu do not lend us the right of way, it will not venture to receive our offerings. If it receive our offerings and lend us the way, then we shall [merely] be taking [the peih] from our own treasury, and placing it [for a time] in one outside, and taking [the horses] from our own stable, and placing them [for a time] in one outside." The duke said, "There is Kung Che-k'e there;-he will be sure to prevent the acceptance of our offerings." "Kung Che-k'e," replied the minister, "is an intelligent man, but he is weak; and moreover, he has grown up from youth near his ruler. His very intelligence will make him speak too briefly; his weakness will keep him from remonstrating vehemently; and his having grown up near his ruler will make that ruler despise him. Moreover, the attractive objects will be before the ruler of Yu's senses, and the danger will be hid behind another State. The case, indeed, would cause anxiety to one whose intelligence was above mediocrity, but I imagine that the intelligence of the ruler of Yu is below mediocrity." curios; he is sure not to follow his minister's advice. I beg you, considering everything, to let me go." The deliberation ended with duke Hëen's adopting the proposed course; and when the duke of Yu saw the valuable [offerings], he granted what [Tsin] asked. Kung Che-k'e did indeed remonstrate, saying, "There are the words of the Record, 'When the lips are gone, the teeth are cold.' Yu and Kwoh are the saviours of each other. If they do not give mutual help, Tsin will to-day take Kwoh, which Yu will to-morrow follow to ruin. Do not, O ruler, grant what is asked." The duke did not follow his advice, and ended by lending a passage [through his State to Tsin] to take Kwoh. In the fourth year after, Tsin returned, and took Yu. The duke of Yu [came], carrying the peih and leading the horses, when Seun Seih said [to the marquis of Tsin], "What do you now think of my plan?" "It has succeeded," said duke Heen. "The peih is still mine; but the teeth of the horses are grown longer." This he said in joke. What was Hea-yang? A city of Kwoh. Why is the name not preceded by the name of the State? It is dealt with as if had been itself a State. Why so? Because [the fate] of the ruler of the State was bound up with its fate.' On this duke Heen sought [in the way proposed] for a passage [through Yu] to invade Kwoh. Kung Che-k'e remonstrated, saying, "The words of the envoy of Tsin are humble, but his offerings are great;-the matter is sure not to be advantageous to Yu." The duke of Yu, however, would not listen to him, but received the offerings, and granted the passage through the State. Kung Che-k'e remonstrated [again], suggesting that the case was like that in the saying about the lips being gone and the teeth becoming cold, after which he fled with his wife and children to Ts'aou. Duke Heen then destroyed Kwoh, and in the fifth year [of our duke He] he dealt in the same way with Yu. Seun Seih then had the horses led forward, while he carried the peih in his hand, and said, "The peih is just as it was, but the horses' teeth are grown longer!" 十有六年一章.春王正月,戊申 朔隕石于宋五 過宋都。 月六鴿退飛 The sixteenth year, par. 1. In spring, in the king's first month, on Mow-shin, the first day of the moon, there fell stones in Sung, five of them. In the same month, six fish-hawks flew backwards, past the capital of Sung. 公羊傳曰,曷為先言賨 後言石買石記聞聞其碩 然視之則石,察之則五。 穀梁傳日,先隕而後石何 也隕而後石也。 于宋四竟之内日宋,後數 |