375 以終遂誓施氏 夏季文子如晉報聘且涖盟也 晉合晉楚之成 出奔晉 XI. 1 In his eleventh year, in spring, in the king's the duke arrived from Tsin. 2 Themarquisof Tsin sent Këoh Chow to Loo on a friendly mission; and on Ke-ch'ow the duke made a covenant with him. 3 4 In summer, Ke-sun Hăng-foo went to Tsin. Par. 1. The duke had thus been fully 8 months in Tsin,-more than half a year away from his own State. The Chuen says:-The people of Tsin, thinking that the duke had been inclining to the side of Ts'oo, detained him, till he requested that he might be permitted to make a covenant with Tsin, and then they sent him home.' The duke had gone to Tsin, to offer his condolences on the death of duke King. They had charged him, we may suppose, with disaffection, and when he denied it, they wished to keep him a sort of prisoner, till they could learn from T'aou Fei, on his return from Ts'00, whether their suspicions were well grounded or not. He seems, however, to have got away before that officer returned. Par. 2. For, or without the, Kungyang has . Këoh Ch'ow was a first cousin of Keoh Kih. He came to Loo,' says the Chuen, 'on a friendly mission, and to make [on the part of Tsin] the covenant [which the duke had requested. It then proceeds to the following strange and melancholy narrative:-The mother of Shing-pih [The Kung-sun Ying-ts'e; see on VI. 6] had been without [the regular ceremony of] betrothal; and Muh Keang [Duke Seuen's wife; sister-in-law, therefore, to this lady] said, "I will not acknowledge a concubine as my sisterin-law." After the birth of Shing-pih, his father [Shuh-heih of VII. xvii. 8] sent away the mother, who was afterwards married to Kwan Yu-he of Ts'e. She bore him two children, and was then left a widow, when she came back with the children to Shing-pih. He got his half-brother made a great officer [of Loo], and married his half-sister to She Heaou-shuh [A descendant of duke Hwuy of Loo]. When Keoh Ch'ow came on his friendly mission, he applied for a wife to Shing-pih, who took this half-sister from She Heaou-shuh, and gave her to him. She said [to her husband], "Even birds and beasts do not consent to lose their mates; what do you propose to do?" He said, "I am not able to die for you." On this she went. [to Tsin], where she bore two children to Keoh. After his death, they sent her back from Tsin to [her former husband] She, who met her at the Ho, and drowned in it her two children. She was angry, and said to him, "You could not protect me when I was your wife, and let me go away from you, and now you are not able to cherish another man's orphans and have killed them;-what death do you expect to die?" She then swore that she would not live again with him.' Par. 3. Tso-she says:-'Ke Wan-tsze went to Tsin on a friendly mission in return for that of Keoh Ch'ow; and to make a covenant [on the part of Loo]. This second object of his mission is not mentioned in the text. Perhaps a covenant was not made after all; or the marquis of Tsin did not make it in person, so that the historiographers of Loo purposely omitted to record it. [The Chuen introduces here:-'Ts'oo, duke of Chow, disliked the pressure of [the clans descended from the kings] Hwuy and Sëang, and he had a contention, moreover, about the chief place in the government with Pih-yu. Being worsted in this, he was angry and left the court, proceeding to Yang-fan. The king sent the viscount of Lew to bring him back from there, with whom [also] he made a covenant in Keuen, before he would enter [the capital]. Three days afterwards, however, he again fled to Tsin.'] Par. 4. Tso-she says of this visit that Seuen-pih went on a friendly mission to Ts'e, to renew the former friendship between it and Loo.' 6 Par. 5. [Here we have three narratives in the Chuen-1st, Keoh Che [A grand-nephew of Keoh Kih] had a contention with [the court of] Chow about the lands of How. The king commissioned duke Kang of Lew and duke Seang of Shen, to dispute the question with him in Tsin. He urged that Wăn was an old grant made to his family, and he dared not allow [any part of] it to be lost. The viscounts of Lew and Shen said, 'Formerly, when Chow subdued Shang, it gave the various princes the territories which they should gently rule. Soo Fun-săng received Wăn, and was minister of Crime, and his territory and that of the earl of T'an extended to the Ho. One of his descendants afterwards went among the Teih, and when he could do nothing among them, he fled to Wei [See V. x.2]. "[By and by], King Seang rewarded duke Wan with the gift of Wan [See the Chuen after V. xxv. 4.]. The families of Hoo and Yang were the first to occupy it, and then it came to Keoh. If you examine its history, it was a city held by an officer of the king;-how can Keoh Che be allowed to have it? The marquis of Tsin then insisted that Këoh Che should not presume to contend about the place [any longer].' 2d, Hwa Yuen of Sung was on good terms with Tsze-chung, the chief minister [of Tsoo], and also with Lwan Woo-tsze [of Tsin]. When he heard that the people of Ts'oo had granted the peace proposed by Tsin through Taou Fei, and had sent that officer back to give such a report of his mission, he went this winter, first to Ts'oo and then to Tsin, to cement the good understanding of the two States.' 3d, Tsin and Tsin, having made peace, proposed to have a meeting at Ling-hoo. The marquis of Tsin came first to the place, but the earl of Tsin was then unwilling to cross the Ho. He halted in Wang-shing, and made the historiographer Ko go and make a covenant with the marquis of Tsin on the east of the river. Këoh Ch'ow of Tsin [then went and] made a covenant with the earl on the west of it. Fan Wăn-tsze said, "Of what use is this covenant? Two parties make a covenant to establish their good faith. But a meeting together is the first demonstration of that good faith; and if the first step be not taken to it, is it likely to be evidenced afterwards ?" When the earl re turned to Tsin, he broke the [treaty of] peace with Tsin.'] Twelfth year. 左傳日十二年春王使以周公之難來告書日周公出奔晉凡自周無出周公自出故 十有二 周公出 宋華元克合晉楚之成夏五月晉士變會楚公子罷許偃癸亥盟于宋西門之外日凡 二章 冬 狄 四章 狄于 于交剛 冬十 狄人閒宋之盟以侵晉而不設備秋晉· 今晉郤至如楚聘且涖盟楚子享之子反相爲地室而縣馬郤至將登金奏作於下 而走出子反日日云莫矣寡君須矣吾子其入也賓日君不忘先君之好施及下臣 之以大禮重之以備樂如天之福雨君相見何以代此下臣不敢子反日如天之福兩 君相見無亦唯是一矢以相加遺焉用樂寡君須矣吾子其入也賓日若讓之以一矢 禍之大者其何福之爲世之治也諸侯閒于天子之事則相朝也于是乎有享宴之 享以訓共儉宴以示慈惠共儉以行禮而慈惠以布政政以禮成民是以息百官承事 朝而不夕此公侯之所以杆城其民也故詩曰赳赳武夫公侯干城及其亂也諸侯貪 冒侵欲不忌爭尋常以盡其民畧其武夫以爲己腹心股肱爪牙故詩曰赳赳武夫公 侯腹心天下有道則公侯能爲民干城而制其腹心亂則反之今吾子之言亂之道也 不可以爲法然吾子主也至敢不從遂入,卒事歸以語范文子文子曰無禮必食言吾 死無日矣夫冬楚公子罷如晉聘且涖盟十二月晉侯及楚公子罷盟于赤棘 医衞侯于 cm以大概耽心以備樂如天之福雨君 XII. 1 In the [duke's], twelfth year, in spring, the duke of Chow left and fled to Tsin. 2 In summer, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Tsin and the marquis of Wei in So-tsih. 3 4 In autumn, a body of men from Tsin defeated the Teih at Keaou-kang. It was winter, the tenth month. Par. 1. See the Chuen after par. 3 of last year. The duke of Chow fled to Tsin, according to that, in the last year. Tso-she supposes his flight is entered now, because it was not till this spring that it was communicated to Loo. He says:This spring, the king sent the news to Loo of the troubles connected with the duke of Chow. The text says that "he went out and fled to Tsin." Now the words "went out are not applied in the case of parties leaving Chow, but they are used here because the duke of Chow out-cast himself.' Tso-she's meaning is this:-A fugitive might go out from one State to another; but the whole kingdom belonged to Chow. The States were all Chow. An officer might flee from one part of Chow to another, but he could not go out from Chow. It was proper in such a case to say simply "he fled to such and such a State;" -see X. xxvi. 1. In the text the proper style is departed from, because the duke of Chow repeated his flight, after the king had recalled him, 'out-casting himself.'-After all, the canon may be called in question. The place so denominated has not been ascertained. The Chuen says:- Hwa Yuen of Sung having succeeded in cementing the peace between Tsin and Ts'oo [See the 2d Chuen at the end of last year], this summer, in the 5th month, Sze Seeh of Tsin had a meeting with the Kungtsze P'e of T's'oo, and Heu Yen. They made a Covenant on Kwei-hae outside the west gate of [the capital of] Sung, to the following effect:Ts'oo and Tsin shall not go to war with each other. They shall have common likings and dislikings. They shall together compassionate States that are in calamity and peril, and be ready to relieve such as are unfortunate. Tsin shall attack any that would injure Tsoo, and Ts'oo any that would injure Tsin. Their roads shall be open to messengers that wish to pass with their offerings from the one to the other. They shall take measures against the disaffected, and punish those who do not appear in the royal court. Whoever shall violate this covenant, may the intelligent Spirits destroy him, causing defeat to his armies, and a speedy end to his possession of his State!" [After this], the earl of Ching went to Tsin, to receive [the conditions of] the peace, in consequence of its being [thus] established at the meeting in So-tsih.' This Chuen has occasioned a good deal of speculation among the commentators. The text says nothing of the covenant between Tsin and Ts oo, and the Chuen says nothing of the presence of Loo and Wei in the meeting at So-tsih. The Kang-he editors say that Chaou Kwang denies that there was such a covenant, while the frequent meetings between Këoh Che and | the Kung-tsze P'e of Ts'oo show that it must have taken place. They suppose, therefore, that the sage, condemning and disliking the treaty between those Powers, here used his pruning knife, and cut away the record of it. They say further that Lew Ch'ang denies the truth of the Chuen's account of the meeting at So-tsih, but they preserve that account themselves out of deference to the general authority of Tso-she. Par. 3. The situation of Këaou-kang is, like that of So-tsih, undetermined. The Chuen says:-A body of the Teih took the opportunity of [Tsin's being occupied with the] covenant in Sung to make an inroad into it; but not having made preparations [against a surprise], they were defeated in the autumn at Këaou-kang.' [The Chuen gives here the following narrative:-'Këoh Che of Tsin went to Ts'oo on a friendly mission, and on the part of Tsin to make a covenant. The viscount of Ts'oo invited him to an enterainment, when Tsze-fan, who directed the ceremonies, had caused an apartment to be made under ground, in which the instruments of music were suspended. When Keoh Che was ascending the hall, the bells struck up [the signal for performance] underneath, which frightened him so that he ran out. Tsze-fan said to him, "The day is wearing late; my ruler is waiting; be pleased, Sir, to enter." The guest replied, "Your ruler, mindful of the friendship between our former princes, extends his favour to my poor self, treating me with great ceremony, even to a complete band of music. If by the blessing of Heaven our two rulers have an interview, what can take the place of this? I dare not receive [such an honour]." Tsze-fan said, "If by the blessing of Heaven our two rulers have an interview, they will have nothing but an arrow to give to each other; they will not be using music. My ruler is waiting; be pleased, Sir, to enter." The other said, "If it be an arrow that they mutually offer and decline, that will be the greatest of evils;-there will be no blessing in that. When good order prevails, the princes, in their intervals of leisure from the king's business, visit at one another's courts. Then there are the ceremonies of entertainment and feasting; those of entertainment being a lesson of reverence and economy, those of feasting a display of indulgent kindness [Comp. the Chuen after VII. xvi. 3]. Reverence and economy are kindness is seen in the arrangements of the seen in the practice of ceremonies; indulgent government. When the business of government is perfected by ceremonies, then the people enjoy rest, and the officers receive orders about the business they have to perform in the morning [only], and not in the evening [as well]. It is in this way that the princes prove themselves the protectors of their people. Therefore the ode (She, I. i. ode VII. 1) says, 郤十 冬秋曹人、侯、會夏三郤 葬七伯伐鄭晉五月錡有 月,廬秦。伯侯月,公來 卒 曹齊公如乞年 伯侯自京師。春, 公。至于 夏四月戊午晉侯使呂相絕秦日昔逮 師。 邾宋京師。 人、公,師、 業,致禍,定謂劉肅重 滕衞遂 敬是命命子公賄人 之公君 大 使 也,不 君能是吾晉公禮如命也,敬,敬 勤養有之伐諸焉。師不命之獻年, 禮、之 民秦侯孟宣 基子春 篤小 作.受 成朝獻伯 也,日,晉 命 矣,有符 天子王子欲為師郤郤 衞,先禮乞 而君身師。 |