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寡君不忍使羣臣請于大國無令輿師淹于君地能進不能退君無所辱命齊侯日大夫之許寡人之願也若 其不許亦將見也齊高固入晉師桀石以投人禽之而乘其車繫桑本焉以徇齊壘日欲勇者賈余餘勇癸酉 師陳于瀠邴夏御齊侯逢丑父為右晉解張御郤克鄭丘緩爲右齊侯日余姑剪滅此而朝食不介馬而馳之 郤克傷於矢流血及屨未絕鼓音日余病矣張侯日自始合而矢貫余手及肘余析以御左輪朱殷豈敢言病 吾子忍之緩日自始合苟有險余必下推車子豈識之然子病矣張侯日師之耳目在吾旗鼓進退從之此車 一人殿之可以集事若之何其以病敗君之大事也擐甲執兵固卽死也病未及死吾勉之左并轡右援枹 而鼓馬逸不能止師從之齊師敗績逐之三周華不注 韓厥夢子輿謂己日,且脾左右故中御而從齊侯邴夏 日射其御者君子也公曰謂之君子而射之非禮也射其左越於車下射其右斃於車中綦毌張喪車從韓厥 請寓乘從左右皆肘之使立于後韓厥俛定其右逢丑父與公易位將及華泉驂生于木而止丑父寢于輾 [於其下以肱擊之傷而匿之故不能推車而及韓厥執縶馬前再拜稽首奉觴加璧以進日

臣爲魯衛請日無令輿師陷入君地下臣不幸屬當戎行無所逃隱且懼奔牌而忝兩君臣辱戎士敢告不敏 攝官承乏丑父使公下如華泉取飲鄭周愛御佐車宛茷爲右載齊侯以免韓厥獻丑父郤獻子將戮之呼曰 自今無有代其君任患者有一于此將爲戮乎郤子曰人不難以死免其君我戮之不祥赦之以勸事君者乃 免之齊侯免求丑父三入三出每出齊師以帥退入于狄卒狄卒皆抽戈楯冒之以入于衞師衛師免之遂自 徐關入齊侯見保者日勉之齊師敗矣辟女子女子日君免平日免矣日銳司徒免平日免矣日苟君與吾父 免矣可若何乃奔齊侯以爲有禮旣而問之辟司徒之妻也予之石寵晉師從齊師入自丘輿擊馬陘齊侯使 賓媚人賂以紀甗玉磬與地不可則聽客之所爲賓媚人致賂晉人不可日必以蕭同叔子爲質而使齊之封 內盡東其畝對日蕭同叔子非他寡君之母也若以匹敵則亦晉君之母也吾子布大命於諸侯而日必其

母以爲信其若王命何且是以不孝令也詩日孝子不匱永錫爾類若以不孝令於諸侯其無乃非德類也乎 先王疆理天下物土之宜而布其利故詩日我疆我理南東其畝今吾子疆理諸侯而日盡東其畝而已准吾 子戎車是利無顧土宜其無乃非先王之命也乎反先王則不義何以爲盟主其晉實有關四王之王也樹德 而濟同欲焉五伯之霸也勤而撫之以役王命今吾子求合諸侯以逞無疆之欲詩日布政優優百祿是鼐子 實不優而棄百祿諸侯何害焉不然寡君之命使臣則有辭矣日子以君師辱於敝邑不腆敝賦以犒從者畏 君之震師徒撓敗吾子惠徼齊國之福不泯其社稷使繼舊好唯是先君之敵器土地不敢愛子又不許請收 合餘燼背城借一敝邑之幸亦云從也况其不幸敢不唯命是聽魯衞諫日齊疾我矣其死亡者皆親暱也子 若不許讐我必甚唯子則又何求子得其國寶我亦得地而緑于難其榮多矣齊晉亦唯天所授必晉晉 "之對日羣臣帥賦輿以爲魯衞請若苟有以藉口而復于寡君君之惠也敢不唯命是聽禽鄭自師公 秋七月晉師及齊國佐盟于袁婁使齊人歸我汶陽之田

今公會晉師于上鄍賜三師先路三命之服司馬司空輿師候正亞旅皆受一命之服

月宋文公卒始厚葬用蜃炭益車馬始用殉重器備椁有四阿棺有翰檜君子謂華元樂舉于是乎不臣臣 治煩去惑者也是以伏死而爭今二子者君生則縱其惑死又盡其侈是棄君於惡也何臣之爲

九月衞穆公卒晉三子自役弔焉哭于大門之外衞人逆之婦人哭于門內送亦如之遂常以

⊕楚之討陳夏氏也莊王欲納夏姬申公巫臣日不可君召諸侯以討罪也今納夏姬貪其色也貪色為淫淫 爲大罰周書曰明德慎罰文王所以造周也明德務祟之之謂也慎罰務去之之謂也若興諸侯以取大罰非 慎之也君其圖之王乃止子反欲取之巫臣曰是不祥人也是夭子蠻殺御叔弒靈侯戮夏南出孔儀喪陳國 何不詳如是人生實難其有不獲死乎天下多美婦人何必是子反乃止王以予連尹襄老襄老死于邲不獲

CH·UN TSEW, WITH THE TSO CHUEN

老之尸以求之鄭人懼於邲之役而欲求媚于晉其必許之王遺夏姬歸將行謂送者日不得尸吾不反 巫臣聘諸鄭鄭伯許之及共王卽位將爲陽橋之役使屈巫聘于齊且告師期巫臣盡室以行申叔跪從其 將適郢遇之曰異哉夫子有三軍之懼而又有桑中之喜宜將竊妻以逃者也及鄭使介反幣而以夏姬 將奔齊齊師新敗日吾不處不勝之國遂奔晉而因郤至以臣于晉晉人使爲邢大夫子反請以重幣錮之王 止其自爲謀也則過矣其爲吾先君謀也則忠忠社稷之固也所蓋多矣且彼若能利國家雖重幣晉將可

宜公使求好于楚莊王卒宜公薨不克作好公卽位受盟于晉會晉伐齊待人不行使于楚而亦受盟于晉從 于伐齊故楚令尹子重爲陽橋之役以救齊將起師子重日君弱羣臣不如先大夫師衆而後可詩日濟濟多

于伯而王撫功不不,而畏國于之于寕十 王所敬式晉善其國諸失是衞

于卿禮一等王以鞏伯宴而私賄之使相告之日非禮也勿籍

伯不能對王使委于三吏禮之如侯伯克敵使大夫告慶之禮

而大師之後也寕不亦淫從其欲以怒叔父抑豈不可諫誨士莊

室. 以勸王侯用衆將師侯位乎孫月 余所敬有命使其也若及况君畏良公 使親功淫鞏衆君之宋其子晉

廢鞏

暱,也湎朔乎子何公下日,

兄毁獻 日誰衡乎位竊公
居逃詩其與子子

今侵伐周

淫弟常

甥王捷 之後
命于

敗之王兆以必
王則弗民

有見 見,離,也


怒以來遂王獻使周大是
有命捷單十

相克叔忝 告,

楚去學 可盟疾, 解不故及蔡 于慎 齊侯 位也匱國許 民 盟。男 之蔡蔡大秦 攸許侯夫,右 學之許大 君,男.于

伐王襄人為

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齊于而事而焉,衆
焉,衆以 是之之失書卿宋

告可甥王不而勞日也。衆行不

慶諫舅

勿之誨之又命

II. 1

2

蠻 克也,宴

乘不華 書

夷 况晉以

國 卿獻

明牌棄

不車匱陳 得也盟公

列謂也,孫

降莊也先鎮其懲狄, 君楚魯

In the [duke's] second year, in spring, the marquis of Ts'e invaded our northern border.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ping-seuh, Sun Lëangfoo of Wei led a force, and fought with the army of Ts'e at Sin-chuh, when the army of Wei received a severe defeat.

3 In the sixth month, on Kwei-ytw, Ke-sun Hăng-foo, Tsangsun Heu, Shuh-sun K'eaou-joo, and Kung-sun Ying-ts'e, led a force, and joined Këoh K'ih of Tsin, Sun Leangfoo of Wei, and the Kung-tsze Show of Ts'aou, [after which] they fought with the marquis of Ts'e at Gan, when the army of Ts'e received a severe defeat.

4 In autumn, in the seventh month, the marquis of Ts'e sent
Kwoh Tso to the army [of the allies], which made a
covenant with him on Ke-yëw at Yuen-low.

In the eighth month, on Jin-woo, Paou, duke of Sung, died.
On Kăng-yin, Suh, marquis of Wei, died.

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8

9

10

In winter, an army of Ts'oo and an army of Ch'ing made
an incursion into Wei.

In the eleventh month, the duke had a meeting with the
Kung-ts'e Ying-ts'e of Ts'oo in Shuh.

On Ping-shin, the duke made a covenant in Shuh with an
officer of Ts'oo, an officer of Ts'in, an officer of Sung, an
officer of Ch'in, an officer of Wei, an officer of Ching,
an officer of Ts'e, an officer of Ts'aou, an officer of Choo,
an officer of Seeh, and an officer of Tsăng.

Par. 1. The Chuen says:-'In the course of this | invasion, the marquis of Ts'e laid siege to Lung, when his favourite, Leu-p'oo Tsëw-kwei was made prisoner in attacking one of the gates. The marquis said, "Do not put him to death, and I will make a covenant with you, and not enter your borders." The people of Lung did not listen to the request, but put their prisoner to death, and dismembered him on the top of the wall. The marquis beat the drum himself, while his soldiers strove to mount the wall; and in three days Lung was taken. He then made an incursion southwards as far as Ch'aou-k'ew.' Too observes that he cannot account for the silence of the text about this capture of Lung, and the subsequent incursion to Ch'aou-k'ëw.

Par. 2. Sin-chuh was in Wei,-20 le south of the pres. district city of Wei (), dep. Ta-ming, Chih-le. The in the text has

made some critics think that the battle was in consequence of an invasion of Ts'e by Wei, while its being fought in Wei looks as if it were in consequence of an invasion of that State by Ts'e. The K'ang-he editors, observe that Sun Leang-foo was indeed marching to invade Ts'e, when the army of that State, flushed with its successes in Loo, met him before he had left his own State, and defeated him. As he had given occasion, by his advance towards Ts'e, however, to the action, the is used.

The Chuen says:-'The marquis of Wei sent Sun Leang-foo, Shih Tseih, Ning Seang, and Heang K'in, to lead an incursion into Ts'e, when they met with the army of that State. Sheh-tseih wished to retreat; but Sun-tsze said, "No. Here we are with an army invading Ts'e. If we retreat on meeting with its army, what shall be said of our ruler? If we knew that we could not [cope with it], we had better not have come forth. Since we have met it, our best plan is to fight."

In summer,

*

*

Shih Ch'ing-tsze [Shih Tseih; was his posthumous title] said, "The army is defeated. If you do not wait a little [for reinforcements], I am afraid it will be entirely destroyed. If you lose all your men, what report will you have to give [to our ruler]" The other commanders could make no reply, and he continued, [addressing the general], "You are the chief minister of the State. Should we lose you, it will be a disgrace to it. Do you retire with the great body of the troops, while I remain here [to cover your retreat]."

*

By-and-by the approach of a great number of
chariots was announced, and the army of Ts'e
stayed its advance, halting at Këuh-keu.
'It was Chung-shuh Yu-he, commandant of
Sin-chuh, who thus came to the relief of Sun
Hwan-tsze, and secured his escape. In conse-
quence, the people of Wei would have rewarded
Yu-he with a city, but he refused it, and asked
that he might be allowed to have his suspended
instruments of music disposed incompletely
[like those of the prince of a State], and to ap-
pear at court with the saddle-girth and bridle-
trappings of a prince;-which was granted to
him.

'When Chung-ne [Confucius] heard of this, he said, "Alas! it would have been better to give him many cities. It is only peculiar articles of use, and names, which cannot be granted to other [than those to whom they belong];-to them a ruler has particularly to attend. It is by [the right use of] names that he secures the confidence [of the people]; it is by that confidence that he preserves the articles [distinctive of ranks]; it is in those articles that the ceremonial distinctions of rank are hid; those ceremonial distinctions are essential to the practice of righteousness; it is righteousness which contributes to the advantage [of the State]; and it is that advantage which secures the quiet of the people. Attention to these things is the condition of [good] government. If they be conceded where they ought not to be conceded, it is giving away the government to the recipients. When the government thus perishes, the State will follow it ;-it is not possible to arrest that

issue.""

Par. 3. Too says that Gan was in Ts'e, and Kuh-leang says that it was 500 le from the capital of that State. But so great a distance is irreconcileable with the account which we have in the Chuen of the immediate advance of the victors after the battle to Ying-k'ëw. Gan was probably the same place known previously by the name of Leih-hëa (T),—in the pres. dep. of Tse-nan. For Kung-yang has F. 公子手

The Chuen says:-Sun Hwan-tsze returned to Sin-chuh; but instead of entering it, he went on immediately to Tsin to beg the assistance of an army. [At the same time], Tsang Seuen-shuh [Tsang-sun Heu] had gone to Tsin for a similar purpose; and they both lodged with Këoh Heentsze [Keon Kih; see the Chuen on VII. xvi. 5], to whom the marquis granted [an army of] 700 chariots [for an expedition against Ts'e]. Këohtsze said, "This was the amount of the force at

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