195 XXV. 1 In the [duke's] twenty-fifth year, in spring, in the king's first month, on Ping-woo, Wei, marquis of Wei, extinguished Hing. 2 3 In summer, in the fourth month, on Kwei-yëw, Wei, marquis of Wei, died. The duke's eldest daughter, married to a Tang of Sung, came [to Loo] to meet the wife [for her son]. 4 Sung put to death [one of] its great officers. 5 6 7 In autumn, a body of men from Ts'oo invested [the capital of] Ch'in, and restored the viscount of Tun to Tun. There was the burial of duke Wăn of Wei. In winter, in the twelfth month, on Kwei-hae, the duke had a meeting with the heir-son of Wei and K'ing of Keu, when they made a covenant in T'aou. Par. 1. The Chuen says:-'In spring, a force from Wei invaded Hing. The two Le see the in XXXI.7. The is determined by last Chuen] were following Kwoh-teze and going the, the husband's mother, being the other round the city-wall, when they held him fast in their arms, and went off with him to the outside, party in the transaction. killing him. In the 1st month, on Ping-woo, Wei, marquis of Wei, extinguished Hing. The lords of Wei and Hing were of the same surname, and therefore the text gives the name of the marquis; -[to his disgrace]. Le Che had the words engraved on a vessel,-"I grasped Kwoh-tsze in my arms and killed him. No one dared to stop me"-[thus publishing his own shame.] We see that the preservation of Hing, one of the great achievements of duke Hwan of Ts'e [see III. xxxii. 7; V. i. 2, 3, 4] did not long avail for that State. What is remarkable, is that it should perish at last at the hands of Wei, which had been reduced by the same Teih to even greater straits than itself [see IV. ii. 7]. Most of the critics lay great stress, like Tso-she, on the name of the marquis of Wei being found here in the text; and a passage of the Le Ke [I. Pt. II. ii. 21] is referred to, which would make it out that the mention of the name is condemnatory, and stamps the wickedness of the marquis of Wei in extinguishing a State held by a prince of the same surname as himself. But the canon in that passage was, no doubt, made to suit this single text. Choo He imagines that thehere has got into the text, by the error of a copyist, from the next paragraph. Par. 2. From the last Chuen on IV. ii. it appears that this prince was a man of perseverance and resources. His character, however, does not stand high with the critics;-see the remarks of Ke Pun in the on this passage. for mysteries in the silence of the text as to the Par. 4. Comp. III. xxvi. 3. It is folly to seek name of the officer here spoken of. Kung-yang daughter, and did not dare therefore, in anthinks that the duke of Sung had married his nouncing his death to Loo, to mention his wife's father. Kuh-lëang thinks he was a K'ung FL), and that Confucius purposely kept back the name of one of his ancestors! [The Chuen appends here:-The earl of Ts'in was with an army on the Ho, intending to restore the king [See 4th par. of last year], when Hoo Yen said to the marquis of Tsin," If you are seeking the adherence of the States, you can do nothing better than to show an earnest interest in the king's behalf. The States will thereby have faith in you, and you will have done an act of great righteousness. Now is the time to show again such service as was rendered by the marquis Wan [See the Shoo, V.xxviii], and to get your fidelity proclaimed among the States." The marquis made the master of divination, Yen, consult the tortoise-shell about the undertaking. He did so and said, 'The oracle is auspicious, that of Hwang-te's battle in Fants'ëuen." The marquis said, "That oracle is too great for me." The diviner replied, "The rules of Chow are not changed. The king of quis then said, "Try it by the milfoil." They to-day is the emperor of antiquity." The marconsulted the reeds, and found the diagram Ta-yëw ], which then became the diagram K'wei Par. 3. There was a powerful family of the clan-name of Tang in Sung, and duke He's eldest daughter must have been married to the head, or some principal scion of it, though the match is not mentioned in the classic. Here she comes to Loo to take back a wife, we must suppose for her son; but nothing is said from what family the young lady was taken. On the lying under the sun, indicating how the son phrase, instead of, compare of Heaven condescends to meet your lordship ; cluded that Ts'in had taken Seih, and that the is not this also encouraging? If we leave the diagram K'wei, and come back to Ta-yëw, it also tells of success where its subject goes." On this the marquis of Tsin declined the assistance of the army of Ts'in, and went down the Ho. In the 3d month, on Keah-shin, he halted at Yangfan, when the army of the right proceeded to invest Wăn, and that of the left to meet the king.' 'In summer, in the 4th month, on Ting-sze, the king re-entered the royal city. T'ae-shuh was taken in Wăn, and put to death at Seih-lowing narrative:-'In winter, the marquis of shing. On Mow-woo, the marquis of Tsin had an audience of the king, who feasted him with sweet spirits, and gave him gifts to increase his joy. The marquis asked that the privilege of being carried to his grave through a subterranean passage might be granted him, but the king refused, saying, "This is the distinction of us kings. Where there is not conduct to supersede the holders of the kingdom, to make one's-self a second king is what you yourself, my uncle, would hate." Notwithstanding this refusal, the king conferred on Tsin the lands of Yang-fan, Wăn, Yuen, Tswanmaou; and Tsin proceeded to occupy the district of Nan-yang. Yang-fan refused to submit, and the troops of Tsin laid siege to it. Ts'ang Koh cried out, "It is virtue by which the people of the Middle State are cherished; it is by severity that the wild tribes around are awed. It is right we should not venture to submit to you. Here are none but the king's relatives and kin;—and will you make them captive?" On this the marquis allowed the people to quit the city.' Par. 5. Tun was a small State, whose lords were Kes, with the title of viscounts;-in the pres. Ho-nan, dis. Shang-shwuy, dep. Ch'in-chow. It was extinguished by Ts'oo in the 14th year of duke Ting. The Chuen says:-"In autumn, Ts'in and Tsin invaded the State of Joh. At that time, Tow K'ih and K‘ëuh Yu-k'ow, with the forces of Shin and Seih, were guarding the territory of Shang-meih on behalf of Ts'oo. The troops of Ts'in, passing by a shaded spot near Seih [a town of Ts'oo], entered it, and bound many of their people to make them appear as prisoners whom they had taken], with whom they proceeded to besiege Shang-meih, taking care to approach it in the dusk. During the night, they dug a pit, in which they placed a quantity of blood, showing also a writing over it, pretending that these were the proofs of a covenant with Tsze-e and Tsze-peen [the above Tow and K'ëuh]. The people of Shang-meih became afraid, and con Par. 7. T'aou,-see on III. xxvii. 1. K'ing of Keu, see III. xxvii. 5. The Chuen says:-' Wei had brought about peace between Keu and us. By this covenant at T'aou, the duke renewed with his son the good understanding which he had had with duke Wan of Wei, and declared his friendship with Keu.' The late marquis of Wei was now buried, but his successor is still mentioned here simply as 'son,' and not by the title 'marquis.' The reason probably is that the year in which the father died had not yet expired, and not to praise him as 'son-like,' carrying out the wishes of his father to reconcile Loo and Keu. [The Chuen adds here:-"The marquis of Tsin consulted Poh-t'e, chief of the eunuchs, as to who should be put in charge of Yuen. Poht'e [the eunuch Pie, mentioned before], replied, "Formerly, when Chaou Ts'uy was following your wanderings, carrying with him a pot of food, he did not take any of it, though he was suffering from hunger." On this account, Ts'uy was appointed to the charge of Yuen.'] Twenty-sixth year. 弗齊西齊向 甯會月年二簌 速莒己春十 盟子未王有 于衞公正六 111 四章 五章 七章、 夏齊人伐我北鄙 左傳王二十六年春王正月公會莒茲不公闇莊子盟于向尋洗之盟也 儒人伐齊 歸, 齊師侵我西鄙討是二盟也 夏齊孝公伐我北鄙衞人伐齊洮之盟故也公使展喜犒師使受命于展禽 齊侯未入竟展喜從之日寡君聞君親舉玉趾將辱於做邑使下臣犒執事 公子遂如楚乞師 齊侯日魯人恐乎對日小人恐矣君子則否齊侯日室如縣罄野無青草何 恃而不恐對日恃先王之命昔周公犬公股肱周室夾輔成王成王势之而 秋楚人滅蓮以夔 賜之盟日世世子孫無相害也載在盟府大師職之桓公是以糾合諸侯而 子歸 冬楚人伐宋圍 伐宋圍 公以楚師伐齊取 公至自伐齊 謀其不協彌縫其悶而匡救其災昭舊職也及君卽位諸侯之望日其率桓 之功我做邑用不敢保聚日豈其嗣世九年而棄命廢職其若先君何君必 不然恃此以不恐齊侯乃還 東門襄仲臧文仲如楚乞師臧孫見子玉而道之伐齊宋以其不臣也 夔子不祀祝融與鬻熊楚人讓之對日我先王熊摰有疾鬼神弗赦而自竄 于莺吾是以失楚又何祀焉秋楚成得臣鬭宜申帥師滅夔以子歸 宋以其善於晉侯也叛楚卽晉冬楚令尹子玉司馬子西帥師伐未圍緡 公以楚師伐齊取穀凡師能左右之日以宣桓公子雍於穀易牙奉之以爲 魯援楚申公叔侯戍之桓公之子七人爲七大夫於楚 XXVI. 1 In his twenty-sixth year, in spring, in the king's first month, on Ke-we, the duke had a meeting with the viscount of Keu and Ning Suh of Wei, when they made a covenant in Heang. 2 A body of men from Ts'e made an incursion into our western borders, when the duke pursued the army of Ts'e to He, but did not come up with it. 3 In summer, a body of men from Ts'e invaded our northern borders. 4 A body of men from Wei invaded Ts'e. 5 Suy, son of duke [Chwang], went to Ts'oo, to beg [the assistance of] an army. 6 In autumn, an officer of Ts'oo extinguished K'wei, and carried the viscount of K'wei back with thein. 7 In winter, a body of men from Ts'oo invaded Sung, and besieged Min. 8 The duke, with an army of Ts'oo, invaded Ts'e, and took 9 The duke arrived from the invasion of Ts'e. Par. 1. Heang,—see on I.ii. 2: II. xvi. 4. This Heang was probably that of Keu. The Chuen tells us that the count of Keu was styled Tszep'ei (), and that Ning Suh [Kung-yang, here and afterwards, has, was the officer known by his honorary title of Chwang (E), adding that this meeting was to confirm the previous one at T'aou. The count of Keu had only been there by one of his officers, while here he attended in person:-the reconciliation of Loo and Keu might be considered complete. Par. 2. Kung-yang has here and Kuhleang, instead of. Teo-she has for He says that the incursion was made by Ts'e, to punish Loo for the two covenants at T'aou and Heang. A better reason may be found in the antagonistic position which Loo took to the present marquis of Ts'e on his accession;see on XVIII. 2. He was a town of Ts'e, in the south-west of pres. dis. of Tung-o, dep. Yen-chow. The K'ang-he editors have a long note on the change of style in the par. from to, which has wonderfully vexed the critics. If the commonly accepted view, that the term is used of a small body of men under a commander of mean rank, and É is used of a large body of men under a similar command, were indubitably certain, we might be perplexed by the change of terms; but the text surely is an instance in point to show that the two forms of expression may be used to convey the same meaning. Or if it be insist Par. 3. Duke Heaou of Ts'e was himself pres ent with these invading forces. The Chuen says: -Duke Heaou of Ts'e invaded our northern borders. Duke He sent Chen He to offer provisions to the invading forces, having first made him receive instructions from Chen Kin[the ly, before the marquis of Ts'e had entered our famous Lew-hëa Hwuy, He's father]. Accordingborders, Chen He followed in his track, came up with him, and said, "My prince, hearing that your lordship was on the march and condescending to come to his small city, has sent myself, his poor servant, with these presents for 66 your officers." The marquis asked whether the people of Loo were afraid. "Small people," replied He, "are afraid; but the superior men are not." "Your houses," said the marquis, "are empty as a hanging musical-stone, and in your fields there is no green grass;-on what do they rely that they are not afraid?" He answered, They rely on the charge of a former king. legs and arms to the House of Chow, and supFormerly the duke of Chow and T'ae-kung were ported and aided king Ching, who rewarded them, and gave them a charge, saying, 'From generation to generation let your descendants refrain from harming one another.' It was preserved in the repository of Charges, under the care of the grand-master [of Chow]. Thus it was that when duke Hwan assembled the various States, taking measures to cure the want of harmony among them, to heal their short-comings, and to In all this relieve those who were in distress. he was illustrating that ancient charge. When your lordship took his place, all the States were full of hope, saying, He will carry on the meritorious work of Hwan.' On this account our poor State did not presume to protect itself by collecting its multitudes; and now we say, 'Will he, after possessing Ts'e nine years, forget that ancient charge, and cast aside the duty enjoined in it? What in that case would his father say?' Your lordship surely will not do such a thing. It is on this that we rely, and are not afraid." On this the marquis of Ts'e returned.' Par. 4. Tso-she says this movement of Wei was a consequence of the covenant of Taou. Wei and Loo had probably then agreed to support each other against Ts'e. Par. 5. Though Loo had succeeded in inducing the marquis of Ts'e to withdraw his army, as related in the last Chuen, it wished to be prepared against Ts'e in the future, and even to commence hostilities against it in its turn; this was the reason of this mission to Ts'oo. The Suy in the text had the clan-name of Tung-| mun, [because he had his residence by the ‘eastern gate']. The Chuen says: -(Tung-mun Sëang [the hon. title]-chung, and Tsang Wănchung went to Ts'oo to ask the assistance of an army. Tsang-sun [the above Wăn-chung] had an interview with Tsze-yuh [the minister of | | Its ruling family was of the same surname as the lords of Ts'00,-an off-shoot from the ruling count of K'wei did not sacrifice to Chuh-yung House of that State. The Chuen says: - The and Yuh-hëung [the remote ancestors of the House of Tsoo and also of K'wei], and an officer was sent from Ts'oo to reprove him. He replied. “The founder of our State, Hëung Che, was afflicted with a disease, from which those Spirits did not deliver him, and he was obliged to hide himself here in K'wei. In this way we lost our connection with Tsoo, and why should we offer these sacrifices ?" In autumn, Ch'ing Tih-shin the prime minister of Ts'oo, Tsze.yuh] and Tow E-shin led an army and extinguished K'wei, when they carried the viscount back with them to Ts'oo." Par.7. For緡Kuh-lëang has 閔.Min, 糖 see on XXIII. 1. The Chuen says: The duke of Sung, in consequence of the service which he had rendered to the marquis of Tsin in his wanderings [see the Chuen at the end of the 23d year], ventured to revolt from Tsoo and adhere to Tsin. In winter, Tsze-yuh, chief minister of Ts'oo, and Tsze-se, minister of War, invaded Sung with a force, and laid siege to Min.’ Par. 8. This is the sequel of par. 5. Kuh,一 see III. vii. 4, et al. The Chuen says:-'Whenever an army is at one's disposal to move it to Ts‘oo], and tried to persuade him to attack Tse the right or left, we have the term H. On and Sung, on the ground of their not performing this occasion, the duke placed Yung, one of the their duty to the king.' Par. 6. K ́wei (Kung-yang has 隗) was a sons of duke Hwan of Tise in Kuh, where Yihya supported him, as an aid to Loo, while Shuhhow, duke of Shin, guarded the place on behalf Seven of the sons of duke Hwan small State in the pres. dis, of Kwei-chow of Tsuo. (歸州), dep. E-chang (宜昌), Hoo-pih. were great officers in Ts'oo.’ Twenty-seventh year. 四 有七年春杞子來 侯十 許冬 乙 秋夏朝。 有 男楚巳八 侯盟于宋 月甲戌公會諸 人, 月,月, 宋。 月宋陳子乙庚 侯未寅 蔡師葬齊 侯師齊侯 鄭八孝昭 伯 杞。公。卒。 |