Sixteenth year. 男、宋冬秋夏三六申 + 邢公十七四月鵒朔 陳有月月壬退隕 曹侯 甲丙申年 伯衞月子,申公渦于春 于侯公公鄶子宋宋主 淮鄭會孫季季都。五正 伯齊滋姬友 是月 許侯 侯卒。 月, 戊 呼,也。十三 由陽終。年,焉襄風五左 日城二冬而 齊鄒,月,十 及秋夏人,之退齊在。公也。隕傳 狄齊吾事而有對問周星日 亂。人于月 不病准。乙 有役會一周戎都侵伐不非告亂,日焉內也。十 城夜,鄭 難因晉,厲,敢吉人君今日史六 果有謀卯, 于 狐克君所君得魯何興退 齊也。廚,救故生失諸多祥聘飛隕 登且殺 齊 受徐也。也問,侯大也于過石 丘東子 徵 鐸而 吉是而喪吉宋宋于 而略華。 諸 涉還凶陰不明凶宋都。宋 XVI. 1 In the [duke's]sixteenth year, in spring, in the king's first month, on Mow-shin, the first day ofthe moon, there fell 2 stones in Sung,-five [of them]. In the same month, six fish-hawks flew backwards, past the capital of Sung. In the third month, on Jin-shin, duke [Hwan's] son, Ke 3 In summer, in the fourth month, on Ping-shin, the duke's 4 In autumn, in the seventh month, on Këah-tsze, Kungsun Tsze died. 5 In winter, in the twelfth month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts'e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch'in, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch'ing, the baron of Heu, the marquis of Hing, and the earl of Ts'aou in Hwae. Par. 1. For Kung-yang has. Taoshe says these stones were 'stars;' but that is merely his interpretation of the phænomenon. 隕落, ‘to fall from a height’鶴 is ex plained as 'a water-fowl;'-it is the fish hawk represented on the sterns of junks. The flying backwards of the six hawks was occasioned, acc. to Tso-she, by the wind, which was so strong that they could not make head against it, and were carried back, struggling, by its current. The between the two notices seems to be introduced merely to express that the strange flight of the hawks was not on the same day as the fall of the stones. Kung, Kuh, and the K'ang-he editors, all write nonsensically on this point. The Chuen says:-'At this time, Shuh-hing, historiographer of the interior, was in Sung, on a visit of friendly inquiries from Chow, and duke Sëang asked him about these strange appearances, saying, "What are they ominous of? What good fortune or bad do they portend?" The historiographer replied, "This year there will be the deaths of many great persons of Loo. Next year Ts'e will be all in disorder. Your lordship will get the presidency of the States, but will not continue to hold it." When he retired, he said to some one, "The king asked me a wrong question. It is not from these developments of the Yin and Yang that good fortune and evil are produced. They are produced by men themselves. I answered as I did, because I did not venture to go against the duke's idea." Par. 2. See III. xxv.6; xxvii 3; V. i. 9; et al. The K'ang-he editors foolishly agree here with Kung and Kuh in thinking that we have the 公子, the designation 季, and the name all together, on purpose to express the sage's approval of the character of Ke Yew. Par. 3. See XIV. 2; XV.9. [The Chuen adds here:-'In summer, Ts'e invaded Le, but did not subdue it. Having relieved Seu, however, the army returned.' See p. 6 of last year."] bles still raised by the Jung, and Ts'e called out 2d. The king sent word to Ts'e of the trou troops from the various States to guard Chow.' 3d. In winter, in the 11th month, on Yihmaou, Ch'ing put to death the earl's eldest son Hwa.' See VII.4, and the Chuen there]. Par. 5. Hwae was in the present Sze Chow H), Gan-hwuy, taking its name from the Hwae river. We have here for the first time the marquis of Hing present at these meetings of the States, and his place is given him after the earl of Ching and the baron of Heu. This order is supposed to have been determined by the marquis of Ts'e. The Chuen says:-"This meeting was held to consult about Tsăng [which was hard pressed by the E of the Hwae], and to make a progress in the east. It was proposed to wall Tsăng, but the soldiers engaged in the service fell sick. Some one got on a mound in the night, and cried out, "There is disorder in Tse;" and so they returned without completing the work.' This was the last of the meetings called by the marquis of Ts'e as president of the States. From the 1st at Pih-hang (III. xiii. 1) down to this, he had held eleven meetings of a pacific character (衣裳之會), and four prelusive of military operations (Ż . His influence declined after the meeting at K'wei-k'ëw (IX. 2). The fabric of his greatness had been reared more by Kwan Chung than himself. The minister was now gone, and the prince was soon to follow him, by a miserable end, and leave his own State a prey to years of confusion. Seventeenth year. 亥齊侯小白卒 亥冬 冬 章 九齊秋夏人、十五 月,侯夫滅 找徐有 春 卒。乙會。 會 有公于人項人,七 卞。 伐年, 1. 內齊書為師對 在念也。左 侯日討滅名 梁夏 宋與仲姬管 月貂公人孝 子招字 乙因子貂 貂公 長蔡事故 過 亥内皆以於公衞姬焉 事,西然期 赴寵求薦宋密姬皆 質,男卜 今夏晉大子圉爲質於秦秦歸河東而妻之惠 左傳日十七年 人爲徐伐英氏以報林之役 殯。吏,月,亦 辛以立。羞襄姬生無諱侯歸為 巳,殺冬,於公生武子。之于而為人 夜羣十公懿孟齊也。卞取宦 侯 九項女 而乙有大宋衞好 月齊 齊焉。焦 人下 至。以 妾。之之 men from Ts'e and a body from Seu invaded Yingshe. XVII. 1 In the [duke's] seventeenth year, in spring, a body of 2 3 4 5 In summer, we extinguished Hëang. In autumn, the [duke's] wife, the lady Këang, had a meeting with the marquis of Ts'e in P'een. In the ninth month, the duke arrived from the meeting [at Hwae]. In winter, in the twelfth month, on Yih-hae, Sëaou-pih, marquis of Ts'e, died. Par. 1. Ying-she was a small State, which acknowledged the jurisdiction of Ts'oo,-in the present Chow of Luh-gan (大安), Gan-hwuy. In the west of the Chow, close on the borders of the district of Ying-shan (英山), is a city called Ying. This expedition was undertaken by Ts'e in the interest of Seu, ‘to avenge, Tso says, ‘the defeat of Seu by Ts'oo at Low-lin,' in the duke's 15th year. [The Chuen adds here:-'In summer, Yu, the eldest son of the marquis of Tsin, went as a hos (項城), dep. Chin-chow (陳州), Ho-nan. tage to Ts'in, and Ts'in restored the territory on the east of the Ho, which had been ceded by Tsin, Kung and Kuh both attribute the extinction of giving also a wife to Yu. When duke Hwuy Hëang to Tse, and the K'ang-he editors defend the marquis of Tsin] was a refugee in Leang, their view ingeniously; but in that case the earl of it gave him to wife Leang Ying [Ying would have appeared in the text. A notice like was the surname of the House of Leang]. As she went in pregnancy beyond the usual the present, without the name of another State time, the diviner, Shaou-foo, and his son, con- | preceding the verb, must always be understood of Loo. The Chuen says:-- An army extinguished Heang. At the meeting of Hwae, the duke was engaged with the other princes on the business before them; but, before he returned, he took Hëang. Ts'e thought it was matter for punishment, and detained the duke as a prisoner" This account might have been more explicit. We cannot suppose that duke He himself left the conference at Hwae, and conducted the troops which extinguished Hëang. He had probably entrusted the expedition to one of his officers; and when the news of it reached the assembly, Ts'e was able to detain him as a prisoner. And yet it is not easy to understand how the princes should have remained so long at Hwae. Par. 3. The wife of duke He was probably a daughter of the marquis of Ts'e; see on XI.2. Tso-she says:-Shing Këang met the marquis of Ts'e at this time on the duke's account; meaning, no doubt, that her object was to procure her husband's liberation. P'ëen was in Loo,–50 le east from the pres. dis.city of Szeshwuy, dep. Yen-chow. Par. 4. Tso says the wording of this par. intimates that, after the meeting at Hwae, there had been some business of the States, and conceals it; i. e., it says nothing about the duke's having been kept a prisoner by Ts'e. Par. 5. Sëaou-pih had thus had a long rule of 43 years. The Chuen says: The marquis of Ts'e had three wives:-a Ke of the royal House; a Ying of Seu; and a Ke of Ts'ae; but | | none of them had any son. The marquis loved a full harem, and had many favourites and concubines in it. There were six who were to him as wives:——the elder Ke of Wei, who bore Woománg [Măng is the elder;' Woo, the hon. title. This youth is commonly mentioned by his name Woo-k'wei (無虧)]; the younger Ke of Wei, who bore a son, who was afterwards duke Hwuy; a Ke of Ching, who bore a son, afterwards duke Hëaou; a Ying of Koh, who bore a son, afterwards duke Ch'aou; a Ke of Meih, who bore a son, afterwards duke E; a Tsze of the Hwa clan of Sung, who bore a son, called Tsze yung. "The marquis and Kwan Chung had given him who was afterwards duke Heaou in charge to duke Sëang of Sung, as the intended heir of the State. Woo, the chief cook, however, had favour with Kung Ke of Wei [the elder Ke of Wei above], and by means of Tëaou, the chief of the eunuchs, who introduced his viands to the marquis, he had favour with him also, and obtained a promise from him that Woo-măng should be his successor. On the death of Kwan Chung, five of the six sons all begged to be declared heir. When the marquis died on Yih-hae of the 10th month, Yih-ya [the designation of Woo the cook] entered the palace, and along with the eunuch Teaou, by the help of the favoured officers of the interior, put all the other officers to death, and set up Woo-k'wei in his father's place, the brother who was afterwards duke Hëaou fleeing to Sung. The date of the marquis's death, as communicated to Loo, was Yihbut it was the night of Sin-sze [67 days after] before his body was put into a coffin at night, such was the disorder and confusion. hae; Eighteenth year. 冬瓜。秋狄師五夏伐宋十五 入救戰月師齊公有 曹入 月,齊。于戊 月丁亥葬齊桓 冬邢人狄人伐衛 衞。 甗寅、齊 伯年, 齊宋 衞春 師師 人, 敗及 邾正 也 狄焉。朝衞冬秋月子齊無之 無以左 命梁師衆衆侯邢八還,宋之人以金鄭虧諸傳 ,以人,月, 敗徒將鑄旣伯 齊遂立兵而始 師與孝故悔朝 于采 也命日新里秦取之 今梁伯益其國而不能實 秦國 之。不 可苟國狄葬 侯日, 伐 + 齊。八 以之于 三年 月春 孝夏四鐘。盟,子 人 婁,從及圃, 公五公 日,賜 殺公 XVIII. 1 In the [duke's] eighteenth year, in spring, in the king's first month, the duke of Sung, the earl of Ts'aou, an officer of Wei, and an officer of Choo invaded Ts'e. In summer, an army [of ours went to] relieve Ts‘e. In the fifth month, on Mow-yin, the army of Sung and the army of Ts'e fought at Yen, when the latter was disgracefully defeated. The Teih [caine to] succour Ts'e. In autumn, in the eighth month, on Ting-hae, there In winter, a body of men from Hing and a body of the Par. 1. Kung-yang, as usual, for 邾 has 邾婁, and also introduces 會 after . The object of this movement on the part of Sung was to fulfil the charge which the duke had received from the marquis of Ts'e, to secure the succession to his son Ch'aou, or duke Hëaou. Tso says: -6 Duke Sëang of Sung with several other princes invaded Ts'e; and in the 3d month, the people of Ts'e put Woo-k'wei to death.' [The Chuen appends here:-*The earl of Ching for the first time paid a court-visit to Ts'oo, the viscount of which gave him a quantity of metal. Afterwards he repented that he had done so, and made a covenant with the earl, when he required him not to use it for casting weapons. In consequence the earl made with it three bells.'] Par. 2. If this interference on the part of Loo was intended to support Woo-k'wei, it was too late. Maou thinks it may have been in the interest of P‘wan (潘), who was afterwards duke Ch'aou, and was married to a daughter of duke He. Tso says that the entry indicates approval of the movement. This par., and p.4 below, show how indefinite the meaning of sometimes is. Par. 3. Yen was in Tse, in the pres. dis. of Leih-shing (歴城), dep. Tse-nan. The Chuen says: The people of Ts'e wanted to raise duke Heaou to the marquisate, but could not overcome the opposition of the adherents of duke Hwan's other four sons [only four, Woo | | lk‘wei being now dead], who then left the city and fought with the men of Sung. These defeated marquisate, and returned to their own State.' It would appear that the combined force mentioned in p. I had dispersed on the elevation of Woo-kówei, and that the troops of Loo had also left Tse. In this action, therefore, only the army of Sung was engaged. It had been suddenly called again into the field. their army in Yen, raised duke Hëaou to the Par. 4. These Teih had probably been called to their aid by the four sons of the late marquis, who were struggling against their brother, the protegé of Sung. Par. 5. An interval of 11 months thus occurred between the death of duke Hwan and his burial,-owing to the disorder and contests in the State. Duke Heaou interred him magnificently and barbarously on the top of the Nëwshow(牛首) hill. Wei had been brought to the verge of extinc Par. 6. Not long before this, both Hing and tion by the Teih; and yet here we find Hing allied with the Teih against Wei. We need not wonder at the subsequent fate of Hing at the hands of Wei. The Chuen says: -- In winter, a body of men from Hing, and a body of the Teih, invaded Wei, and invested Too-pfoo. The marquis of Wei offered to resign in favour of any one of his uncles or brothers, or of their sons. Yea, having assembled all his officers at court, he said, "If any one is able to deal with the enemy, I, Hwuy, will glady follow him." All declined the proffered dignity, however, and the marquis after |