[The Chuen, continuing the narrative of the affairs of Tsin, appended to par. 6 of last year, says:-'Sze Wei of Tsin got all the other scions of the ruling House to put to death all the branches of the Yew family, after which he walled Tseu for them to reside in. In winter, the marquis | 食癸冬 of Tsin besieged Tseu, and slew all the sons of the former marquises.] Par. 6. This Yew was an own brother of duke Chwang,-a man of virtue and ability. His visit here to Ch'in was to return the friendly inquiries' from that State in the spring. Twenty-sixth year. 秋曹戎。夏春、二百 亥十人,公殺 朔有伐會其 至伐有 日二徐宋大 自戎。不 有月,人夫。 伐 其释士 司春 XXVI. 1 In his twenty-sixth year, in spring, the duke invaded the Jung.. 2 In summer, the duke arrived from the invasion of the Jung. 3 Ts'aou put to death one of its great officers. 4 5 In autumn, the duke joined an officer of Sung and an officer of Ts'e in invading Seu. In winter, in the twelfth month, on Kwei-hae, the first day of the moon the sun was eclipsed. Parr. 1,2,4. The 1st and 4th paragraphs are probably both descriptive of operations against the Jung. Accepting the position of the Jung which most troubled Loo as given correctly in the note on I. ii. 1, they were within the limits of the ancient Seu-chow of Yu,–see the Shoo III. i. Pt. i. 28; and though the State of Seu in the time of the Ch'un Ts'ëw was not so extensive as the old Seu-chow, the Jung, we may conclude, found sympathy and support from it. We know that the Jung of Seu were a thorn in the State of Loo from its commencement ;-see the Shoo, V. xxix.1. Dukes Yin and Hwan kept on good terms with them (I.ii. 1,4: II. ii. 8); but hostile relations prevailed in the time of Chwang [XVIII.2). Ts'e attacked the Jung on behalf of Loo in his 20th year; but we find them here still unsubdued. That the marquis of Loo should join officers of Sung and Tse in the expedition against Seu seems to show that Loo was principally interested in it. | The lords of the State of Seu were viscounts, whose chief town was 80 le north from the pres. Sze-chow in Gan-hwuy. They professed the same ancestry as the State of Ts'in (秦), and were of course Yings ( [To parr. 1,2. The Chuen appends:-'In spring, Sze Wei of Tsin became grand minister of Works, and in summer, he enlarged the walls of Keang, so as to secure a greater depth for the palace."] Par. 3. Tso-she says nothing on this par. We do not know who the officer put to death was, nor what was the offence charged against him ; and the par. should be left in this obscurity, like the 8th of the 24th year, also relating to the affairs of Ts'aou. [To par. 4, the Chuen appends: ---' In autumn, a body of men from Kwoh made an incursion into Tsin,; aud in winter, another body did the same..] Par. 5. This eclipse took place in the morning of the 3d. Nov., B. C. 667. 子廖 饑 衞王 以 弗音也亟戰將餞 伐三弗樂禮無 女冬原 秋夏,命,巡 日歸杷仲公同不守, 如寕伯季子盟越請 其召親愛後驟將某日姬友友于竟。侯非 之勝 麥虢日出歸舊陳陳 民也。七 也。 請 後也禦我于來也。 士歸日寧也。葬鄭 事天年, 不子春 仲。也。 舉,非公 非 卿展會 非義 XXVII. 1 In his twenty-seventh year, in spring, the duke had a meeting with his eldest daughter, [married to the heir] of Ke, in T'aou. 2 In summer, in the sixth month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts'e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch'in, and the earl of Ching, when they made a covenant together in Yew. 3 4 5 In autumn, duke [Hwan's] son, Yew, went to Ch'in to the burial of Yuen Chung. In winter, the duke's eldest daughter-she of Ke-came [to Loo]. King of Keu came to meet the duke's third daughter as his bride. 7 The duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts'e in Par. 1. T'aou is said by Too Yu to have been in Loo; and the K'ang-he edition gives its site as 50 le to the south of the city of Puh Chow visit was due once a year while the parents were alive. The Chuen gives also the following canon:- When the daughter of the prince of a HH), dep. Ts'aou-chow. But Keang Yung State comes back to visit her parents, only the observes that Ke lay east from Loo, and that Puh Chow is in what was the western part of the State, so that it is not likely the lady would have crossed Loo to meet her father. He therefore concludes that is the same as mentioned in the Chuen under par. 4 of the 7th year of duke Ch'aou, and to be referred to the pres. dis. of Sze-hwuy, dep. Yen-chow. This, no doubt, is the better identification. Tso-she condemns the meeting, saying:'There was no proper occasion for it. The son of Heaven is supposed to make no tour of inspection unless it be for the publication of righteousness; the prince of a State to make no movement unless it be on the people's business; and a minister not to go beyond the boundaries of the State unless by his ruler's commmand.' Possibly, however, there may have been circumstances which justified it. Ch'oh Urh-k'ang ; of the Ming dyn., 1st part of 17th cent.), for instance, supposes that the pride and jealousy of the duke's young Ts'e wife may have rendered a preliminary meeting necessary, before this daughter of the duke could pay the visit of duty mentioned in par. 4. Par. 2. Comp. XVI. 4. The place of meeting here is the same, and we have also the phrase , in both para. Tso-she says the covenant was made on occasion of the submission of Ch'in and Ch'ing.' Too, in explanation, of the Chuen, refers to the troubles of Ch'in in Chwang's 22d year, when Ts'e received Kingchung who had fled from it, and to the fact of the earl of Ching having made a treaty with Ts'oo in the 25th year, so that the loyal affection of the two States to Ts'e might be doubted, but a good understanding was now come to. Par. 3. Yuen is the clan-name, and Chung the designation, which is here given, because, after the death of a minister, the rule was to mention him by it, and not his name. The Chuen says that the journey of Yew was 'contrary to rule,' and adds that Yuen-chung was an old friend of Ke Yëw. But the journey, acc. to the Chuen on par. 1, was only contrary to rule,' if it was made without the prince's authority. Chang Heah, Woo Ching, and Wang Kih-hwan, all advocate the view that Ke Yew had obtained that sanction; and the K'ang-he editors further add that, if he had not done so, the character would not have been used of his journey. Par. 4. The Chuen says this visit was word is used; when she returns divorced, -歸於某 [There is here a narrative about the affairs of Tsin:-The marquis of Tsin was going to invade Kwoh, but Sze Wei said to him, "Do not do so now. The duke of Kwoh is arrogant. If he on an occasion has got a victory over us, he will be sure to cast off and neglect his own people. If when he has lost their sympathy, we head against us, who will co-operate with him? then attack him, though he may wish to make Now the cultivation of propriety and music, and the promotion of kindness and affection, are the means by which a spirit of fighting is produced. When the people are brought to be courteous in all their affairs, to delight in harmony, to love their relatives, and to grieve on the loss of them, then they can be employed to fight. Kwoh does not nourish those conditions, and, frequently engaging in hostilities, its people will come to a condition of famine."'] Par. 5. Here King, a great officer of Keu, comes himself to meet a daughter of the duke, whom he had sought in marriage. A great officer of Loo, of the surname Ke, would have been the agent of the duke in all the preliminary arrangements. That this has not been mentioned does not indicate that there was anything irregular or improper in the transaction. Par. 6. In II. ii. 5 the lord of Ke has the title of marquis. As he has here only the title of earl, Too Yu concludes that his rank must have been reduced by the king;-which king is not known. It may have been Hwan, Chwang, He, or Hwuy. [The Chuen adds here:-'The King sent Leaou, earl of Shaou, to convey to the marquis of Ts'e his appointment of him to the presidency of the States, and to ask him to attack Wei, because the marquis of it had raised Tsze-t'uy to the throne (See the 2d Chuen appended to XIX. 4).'] Par. 7. Shing-puh was in Wei,-in the pres. dis. of Ts'aou, dep. Ts'aou-chow. It was near to the borders of the State of Ts'aou. Too says this meeting was preliminary to the punishment of Wei, with which the king had charged the , a return to salute her parents. Such a marquis of Tse. See the last Chuen. Twenty-eighth year. 五章 二十有八年春王三月 左傳日二十八年春齊侯伐衛戰敗術師數之以王命取路而 夏四月丁未邾子瑣卒 荆伐鄭 公會齊人宋人救 大無麥禾 臧孫辰告糴于齊 鄭 ⊕晉獻公娶于賈無子烝于齊姜生秦穆夫人及大子申生义 楚令尹子元欲蠱文夫人爲館于其宮側而振萬焉夫人聞之 城邑,都之廟邑都築禮糴孫冬烏楚諜奔鄭 都邑無主先有也也于辰饑乃幕告桐人 日日日日君宗凡非 宗凡非齊。告臧止。有日丘,將 XXVIII. 1 In In the [duke's] twenty-eighth year, in spring, in the king's third month, on Keah-yin, an army of Ts'e invaded Wei. The men of Wei and the men of 2 3 Ts'e fought a battle, when the men of Wei received a disgraceful defeat. In summer, in the fourth month, on Ting-we, So, viscount of Choo, died. In autumn, King invaded Ch'ing. 4 The duke joined an officer of Ts'e and an officer of Sung in relieving Ch'ing. 5 In winter we enclosed Mei. 6 There was a great want of wheat and rice. 7 Par. 1.敗績一 Tsang-sun Shin represented the case to Ts'e, [and obtained leave] to buy grain there. ‚—see on II. xiii. 1. Tso-she says here:-In spring, the marquis of Ts'e invaded Wei; defeated the army of Wei in battle; declared the command he had received from the king; took bribes and returned.' It appears from this account that the marquis of Ts'e himself took part, if we ought not to say commanded, in the invasion and defeat of Wei; and hence arises a difficulty in accounting for the first Too Yu thinks that the announcement of the affair to Loo was so constructed as to make it appear that only an officer was in charge of the army, and so the shame of accepting bribes might be averted from the marquis. Whatever be thought of this view, it proceeds on the acknowledgment of as properly meaning 'an officer of Ts'e,' and does not sanction the idea that the marquis is here purposely called a man,' or an officer,' to signify the sage's disapprobation of his conduct. need not depart from the usual application of A. The marquis accompanied the army, but he did not command it. This is the view of Maou. Woo Ching thought that the marquis remained in Shing-puh, expecting that a small demonstration would be enough to coerce Wei into submission, whereas the army of Wei rashly provoked a battle. This account of the matter derives confirmation from the preceding But we great Jung, bore Ch'ung-urh, and the other, who was of the small Jung, bore E-woo. When Tsin invaded the Le Jung, their chief, a baron, gave him to wife his daughter, Le Ke, who bore a son called He Ts'e, while her younger sister bore him Ch'oh-tsze. Le Ke became the favourite with the duke, and wished to get her son declared his successor. In order to this, she bribed two officers, who were favourites with him,-Leang-woo, of the outer court, and another, Woo from Tungkwan, and got them to speak to the marquis to this effect:"K'ëuh-yuh contains your lordship's ancestral temple; P'oo and Urh-k'euh are your boundary cities. They should not be without their lords residing in them. If your ancestral city be without its lord, the people will not feel awe; if the others be without their lords, that will lead the Jung to form encroaching projects. When they do so, the people will despise the government as being remiss;-to the harm of the State. If the heir-apparent be put in charge of K'ëuh-yuh, and Ch'ung-urh and E-woo be put in charge, the one of Poo, and the other of Urh-k'euh, this will both awe the people and keep the Jung in fear, and display, moreover, your lordship's effective rule." She made them both say further, "The wide territory of the Teih will in this way be a sort of capital of Tsin. Is it not right thus to extend the country of the State?" 'The marquis was pleased with these suggestions, and in the summer he sent his eldest son to reside in K'euh-yuh, Ch'ung-urh to reside in the city of P'oo, and E-woo in K'ëuh. Thus all his other sons were sent away to the borders, and only the sons of Le Ke and her sister were left in Keang. The end was that the two Woo and Le Ke slandered the others, and got He-ts'e appointed heir to the State. The people of Tsin called the two Woo the pair of ploughers.'] in the second part of the par. [The Chuen here resumes its account of the affairs of Tsin:-'Duke Heen of Tsin married a daughter of the House of Kea, who had no child. Afterwards he committed incest with his father's concubine Ts'e Keang, by whom he had a daughter who became wife of duke Muh of Tsin, and a son Shin-săng, whom he, after his father's death, acknowledged as his heir. Subsequently he married two ladies from among the Jung, the one of whom, called Hoo Ke of the Keu-ch'oo(). Par. 2. This So had been viscount of Choo for 12 years. He was succeeded by his son, |