8. A declarative sentence may contain a question or a command. The gentleman said, “Is your father at home ?” 9. An interrogative sentence may contain a declarative or an imperative part. Did the teacher say, "Your answer is wrong, John”? Does not the Bible command, Swear not at all"? 10. An imperative sentence may consist in part of a question or of a statement. Ask yourself often, "Is my action right ?” Read more slowly, "He giveth His beloved sleep." From the use of a sentence, however, there is no difficulty in telling the class to which it belongs. EXERCISE 1.-Tell the kind of sentence. 1. Benevolence is a duty and a pleasure. 2. Hast thou a star to guide thy path? 3. Lead us to some far-off sunny isle. 4. The blackbird whistles from the thorny brake. 5. Shall we always be youthful, and laughing, and gay? 6. O, could I fly, I'd fly with thee. 7. Trust no future, howe'er pleasant. 8. O, Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain! 9. Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll. 10. What flower is this that greets the morn? 11. Who wrote, "I would not live alway"? 12. "Where is my mother?" was his constant inquiry. 13. "Where are you going, my pretty maid?” 14. "I'm going a-milking, sir,” she said. 15. Ask them, "Why stand ye here all the day idle?" QUESTIONS. What is the general name given to any means by which we express thoughts or feelings? Can you give an example of a thought about the school? About your brother? About your mother? About your reader? About a chestnut tree? About a rose? What means did you use to express these thoughts? If I wished you to come to me, how could I make my wish known without using words? What kind of language is this? If you saw a poor child cold and hungry, how would you feel about it? What name would you give to your feeling? Can you tell me something that would make you feel angry? Sad? Thankful? Sorry? Penitent? In what way may all these feelings be expressed? What are the two general names that may be given to all things expressed by language? What are the two most important varieties of language? Which of the senses is addressed by spoken language? Which by written language? What is language composed of? What are words combined into? What are the three purposes for which sentences are used? How are sentences classified according to their purposes? What mark of punctuation do you place after a declarative sentence? An imperative sentence? An interrogative sentence? After a sentence that expresses strong feeling? SUBJECT AND PREDICATE. 11. Every sentence must be composed of two parts, a subject and a predicate. In defining subject and predicate, the declarative sentence is referred to, because it is the kind of sentence in most common use. In the declarative sentence, the subject consists of the word or words used to denote that about which the statement is made. The predicate consists of the word or words that express the statement. Gold is heavy. The careless boy neglected his lesson. Your home on the mountain is bleak and wild. 12. The subject and predicate of an interrogative sentence are easily recognized if the question is first put into the form of a declarative sentence. Did you see the procession yesterday? Has every pupil in the class prepared his lesson? You did see the procession yesterday. Every pupil in the class has prepared his lesson. 13. The subject of an imperative sentence is generally thou or you, usually understood, but sometimes expressed. The predicate consists of the words that express the command or entreaty. You run away to school now. Turn not thou away. 14. DEFINITION.-The subject of a sentence denotes that about which something is said. 15. DEFINITION. The predicate of a sentence is that which is said of the thing denoted by the subject. EXERCISE 2.-Mention the subject and the predicate of each of the following sentences: 1. Old events have modern meaning. 2. The lights of the village gleam through the rain and the mist. 3. The cricket and the kettle sang very well together. 4. Two hundred years have changed the character of a great continent. 5. The captain's quick eye caught one possible chance of escape. 6. How far that little candle throws its beams! 7. The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea. 8. A faint mist hung over the surface of the lake. 9. The old oaken bucket arose from the well. 10. The faithful, stout-hearted fellow carried his wounded master on his back. 11. The mocking-bird is the sweetest musician among Amer ican birds. 12. The smallest boats should always keep near the shore. 13. Can the clerk of the weather tell whether to-morrow will be warm? 14. Did the waves wash away your fine castles of sand? 15. Away down south lives a pretty, golden-haired child. 16. Did that mischievous little elf break the spider's web? 17. A tiny vase of tangled flowers stands on the table at my side. 18. In the shade of the trees the weary travelers found rest. 19. That worn old book in the corner of my shelf is one of my truest friends. 20. An unmannerly young daisy laughed at the antics of the grasshoppers. QUESTIONS. What do we call that part of a sentence which denotes that about which something is said? What is the other part of the sentence called? Make a declarative sentence about the subject of a sentence. Tell the subject and predicate of your sentence. Make an interrogative sentence about the predicate of a sentence. Tell the subject and predicate of the sentence. Make an imperative sentence about grammar. Tell the subject and predicate of it. GRAMMAR. 16. Grammar tells us how words are formed, how they are classified, how they are joined to form sentences, how sentences are classified, and the relations that both words and sentences bear one to another. English Grammar tells all of these things with regard to the English language. QUESTIONS. State four things Grammar tells us about words. Mention two things Grammar tells us about sentences. CHAPTER II. THE PARTS OF SPEECH. THE NOUN. 17. All the words in our language are arranged in classes called parts of speech. The use that is made of any particular word determines the class to which it belongs. If we examine the sentences employed in speaking and writing, we find that the different uses that can be made of words are not many. One of the largest and most important classes of words is made up of the names of the things that we speak and write about. The words boy, house, memory, kindness, etc., are examples of this class. Such words are called nouns,-a word that means names. In the following sentences the nouns are in fullfaced type: Flowers and ferns grew on the bank of the lake. ། |