consecutus erat, et pertinacia Pori cognita, vetabat resistentibus parci. Ergo undique et in pedites et in ipsum Porum tela congesta sunt: quis tandem gravatus labi ex belua coepit. Indus, qui elephantum regebat, descendere eum ratus, more solito elephantum procumbere jussit in genua: qui ut se submisit, ceteri quoque, ita enim instituti erant, demisere corpora in terram. Ea res et Porum et ceteros1 victoribus tradidit.

51. Rex spoliari corpus Pori, interemptum esse credens, jubet, et qui detraherent loricam vestemque, concurrere; cum belua dominum tueri et spoliantes coepit appetere, levatumque corpus ejus rursus dorso suo imponere. Ergo telis undique obruitur, confossoque eo, in vehiculum Porus imponitur. Quem rex ut vidit allevantem oculos, non odio, sed miseratione commotus, Quae, malum, inquit, amentia te coëgit, rerum mearum cognita fama, belli fortunam experiri: cum Taxilis esset in deditos clementiae meae tam propinquum tibi exemplum 23 At ille, Quoniam, inquit, percontaris, respondebo ea libertate, quam interrogando fecisti. Neminem me fortiorem esse censebam. Meas enim noveram vires, nondum expertus tuas: fortiorem esse te, belli docuit eventus. Sed ne sic quidem parum felix sum, secundus tibi. Rursus interrogatus, quid ipse victorem statuere debere censeret. Quod hic, inquit, dies tibi suadet, quo expertus es, quam caduca felicitas esset.5 Plus monendo profecit, quam si precatus esset. Quippe magnitudinem animi ejus interritam, ac ne fortuna quidem infractam, non misericordia modo, sed etiam honore excipere dignatus est. Aegrum curavit haud secus, quam si pro ipso pugnasset; confirmatum contra spem omnium in amicorum numerum recepit; mox donavit

1 'All the others as well as Porus.'

2 When the faithful animal saw the enemies flocking towards Porus, supposed to be dead, it protected him, struck at those who were busying themselves about his body, and endeavoured to raise him up again, and set him upon its back.

Since you had in the case of Taxiles so near an instance of my clemency to those who submitted to me.' Exemplum here governs two genitives, Taxilis and clementiae. Taxilis is a genetivus epexegeticus, or explanatory, for Taxiles himself is the example. See Gram. 274.

What was his own opinion as to the fate that the conqueror should appoint for him.'

We should expect sit. But the Latin idiom is fond of the form of narration by the imperfect in dependent clauses. See Zumpt § 504, ad fin.

ampliore regno, quam tenuit. Nec sane quicquam ingenium ejus solidius aut constantius habuit, quam admirationem verae laudis et gloriae: simplicius tamen famam aestimabat in hoste, quam in cive. Quippe a suis credebat magnitudinem suam destrui posse, eandem clariorem fore, quo majores fuissent, quos ipse vicisset.

3. With less reserve or greater freedom from prejudice.'

44 To be thrown into the shade.'

But that it.' This but,' connecting two opposed predicates, is implied in the pronoun idem. See Zumpt, § 697.

LIBER IX.

(1) Alexander offers sacrifices in gratitude for his decisive victory over Porus (beginning of May, 326 B. c.), orders a fleet to be built on the Hydaspes, and founds two cities on the banks of that river (Bucephala and Nicaea). King Abisares attempts to negotiate terms of submission. (2) Alexander crosses another river, passes through beautiful forests, then traverses a desert, and at last reaches the river Hyarotis, which he crosses. (3) The inhabitants of a great city (Sangala) defend themselves with chariots, but they are routed, and their town is taken. (4) The country is ravaged one city is taken, whilst its inhabitants are distracted by dissensions, and the other towns of the tribe (the Cathaei) are compelled to submit. (5) Sopithes, king of a nation distinguished for wisdom and physical beauty, surrenders. (6) Among the presents that he brings, there are hounds, which display astonishing agility and strength. Alexander advances to the Hyphasis, where Phegeus, the king of the country, submits. (7) Alexander obtains the information that beyond the Hyphasis, after eleven days' march through deserts, live the Gangaridae and Prasii, possessed of great military power, but governed by a contemptible king. The question suggests itself to him, whether the Macedonians may be disposed to follow him across the Hyphasis. (8, 9, 10) He convokes an assembly of the soldiers, and delivers a speech, in which he discusses the often-talked-of difficulties that lie in his way, representing them partly as exaggerated, and partly as not at all insurmountable by men who had already performed such exploits; and concludes by earnestly intrcating them not to desert him in this last struggle. (11) The soldiers are silent; Alexander becomes enraged; the whole assembly melts into tears. (12) At last Coenus speaks; he represents to the king the weariness and exhaustion of the army, and proposes to him to give up the expedition to the east, and to march by a shorter routenamely, the southern-to the Indian Ocean, which it was his aim to reach. (13) The other generals and the whole army unite their intreaties. Alexander conquers his ambitious wishes, and on the third day yields to the desire of the army. He orders me. morials of his expedition to be erected; and marches back to the fleet which he had directed to be built. The army is considerably supplemented. Alexander, with a thousand ships, begins the long expedition-it occupied at least seven months-down the rivers Hydaspes, Acesines and Indus, to the Indian Ocean. (14) Near

the junction of the Hydaspes and Acesines, he marches aside into the country of the Sibi; a city is burned by its own inhabitants, and the king leaves a garrison in the citadel, which is unharmed. (The name of this town, according to Diodorus, was Agallassa.) (15) Near this town the fleet is placed, by the violent confluence of the rivers with the Indus, in great danger. (According to other authors, this happened at the junction of the Hydaspes and Acesines; on this account the territories of the tribes presently to be mentioned must have been situated further north.) (16) Alexander arrives in the country of the Oxydracae and Malli, who have raised a large army. The Macedonians are uneasy at the prospect of encountering this new danger, but Alexander encourages them to face it. (17) When the Macedonians vigorously and resolutely make an attack, the enemies flee. (18) Alexander is not deterred by the warning of a soothsayer from storming the town of the Oxydracae, (or, according to others, of the Malli). He himself is the first to mount the wall. The ladder breaks under the weight of those who follow him. (19) Alexander, left alone, leaps down into the town, and defends himself against the assaults of the inhabitants, (20) but is wounded, and placed in the greatest danger, (21) till first some single Macedonians come to his assistance, and then the whole army, moved with grief, make a breach in the wall, and rush in. (22) Alexander submits with manly fortitude to a painful and dangerous surgical operation, (23) and recovers. (24) Craterus conveys to him the earnest prayer of his friends that he will not expose himself so much as heretofore. (25, 26) Alexander, touched by their affectionate zeal, thanks them warmly, but at the same time declares that he lives only for fame, and that if his friends will guard him from intestine conspiracies, he will place his trust in the gods so far as open war is concerned. (27) An episode describing a revolt of the Greeks settled in Bactria, who, under the command of Biton, return home. (28) The Oxydracae and Malli submit. The king gives a great feast to celebrate this event, (29) during which a quarrel arises between Dioxippus, an Athenian pugilist, and a Macedonian soldier. The issue of this is a remarkable duel, in which the pugilist comes off victorious. But the intrigues of the Macedonians drive Dioxippus to commit suicide. (30) The Oxydracae and Malli bring presents. The Sabarcae, terrified at the sight of the large Macedonian army, lay aside any idea of resistance. (31) Alexander founds a city called Alexandria at the confluence of the Acesines and Indus. The Musicani submit; also the Praesti, whose king, Porticanus, however, delaying to surrender, is slain. (32) The country of King Sambus is attacked; the revolted Musicani are again subdued. (33) The inhabitants of a city in the country of Sambus fight with poisoned weapons. Ptolemy, a man highly esteemed and beloved by all, would have died of his wound, had not the healing power of an herb been revealed to the king in a dream.

.

(34) The army arrives at Patala (where the Indus divides into two streams, and begins to form a delta). Alexander, anxious to see the ocean, continues the voyage without guides, and lands on the third day on an island near the mouth of the river. (35) The tide flows much more violently than the Macedonians expect, and occasions great confusion, (36) which the ebb increases. (37) By the exertions of the king, and the insight obtained into the natural phenomena of the ocean, quietness is restored. Alexander sails for some distance out into the sea, joyous that his great object has at last been attained. (38) He winters in Patala. (According to other authors, he had wintered further up the Indus, and we are now in the summer of 325 B.C.). He founds towns, arranges the return-march by several routes, and sends a part of the fleet to sail from the Indus to the Euphrates. (39) March of the division led by Alexander himself along the seacoast. (40) In the country of the Ichthyophagi (or in the desert part of Cedrosia), the army is reduced to a state of the utmost distress by hunger, fatigue, and sickness. (41) At last Alexander reaches the cultivated part of Cedrosia, and receives news of the rest of the army. Thence he marches to Carmania, the governor of which, Aspastes, is accused of a disposition to treachery. (42) The losses of the army are, as far as possible, repaired, and Alexander, to refresh and amuse the soldiers, appoints a merry, jovial march through Carmania, for seven days, which represents the return from India of victorious Bacchus.

ALEXANDER, tam memorabili victoria laetus, qua sibi Orientis fines apertos esse censebat, Soli victimis caesis, milites quoque, quo promptioribus animis reliqua belli' obirent, pro contione laudatos docuit, quicquid Indis virium fuisset, illa dimicatione prostratum; cetera opimam praedam fore, celebratasque opes in ea regione eminere, quam peterent. Proinde jam vilia et obsoleta esse spolia de Persis: gemmis margaritisque et auro atque ebore Macedoniam Graeciamque, non suas tantum domos, repletum ire.2 Avidi_milites et pecuniae et gloriae, simul quia nunquam eos affirmatio ejus fefellerat, pollicentur operam: dimissisque cum bona spe, navigia exaedificari jubet, ut, cum totam Asiam percurrisset, finem terrarum mare inviseret. Multa materia navalis in proximis montibus erat: quam caedere aggressi, magnitudinis inusitatae repperere serpentes. Rhinocerotes

'Equivalent to reliquum bellum. See Gram. § 275, c, note 3. In the same way a little after, cetera Indiae, the other parts of India.' 2 They (the soldiers) were going to fill'—that is, 'would fill;' equivalent to repleturos esse. See Zumpt, § 669.

The reduplication in the compounds of curro is found in Curtius only in one passage, vi. 9, transcucurrimus.