medicines, and which formerly supplied the Navy also. We may visit the "Mortar Room," "Test Room," and "Magnesia Room." Jalap, Seidlitz Powders, Lozenges, and many other medicines are here in a constant state of preparation by machinery; and there are vaults for the formation and conserving of tinctures, with warehouses and dispensaries. The preparation of some of the drugs, especially those containing mercury, is so deleterious to the workmen that, though they work in helmets with glass eyes, they are constantly obliged to be allowed a few days' leave of absence.

Turning left we reach Carter Lane. The names of the side arteries of this Lane-Friar Street, Creed Lane, Holiday Yard, and Pilgrim Street-bear record of the great religious house in their neighbourhood, and of the ancient pilgrimages to the shrine of St. Erkenwald. On the right is the entrance of Wardrobe Place, a quiet court, with darkred brick houses and young trees, which marks the site of the building known as "the Kings' Wardrobe," erected by Sir J. Beauchamp (whose tomb, in the centre of the nave of St. Paul's, was mistaken for that of Duke Humphrey), and sold to Edward III. It was a sort of Museum of the robes worn by the kings on different state occasions, and became, as Fuller describes, "a library for antiquaries therein to read the mode and fashion of garments of all ages."

Retracing our steps a little, Church Entry (on the left of Carter Lane as we return) contains, against the wall of Blackfriars School, a monument to Dr. William Gouge, who was minister of the old Church of St. Anne when Shakspeare was residing here, and who, being of like prin

ciples, was probably of his personal acquaintance. Church Entry leads into Ireland Yard, which takes its name from the William Ireland whose name appears in a deed of conveyance to Shakspeare of a house on that site. Hence, turning to the right, through Glass House Yard (of which the name is the memorial of an attempt by a Venetian in Elizabeth's reign, to introduce one of his native glass manufactories, to the great disgust of London glass-workers) we come to Play House Yard, commemorating the old Theatre where Shakspeare acted. The yard now resounds with the roar of machinery in the Times Printing Office, which has a great new front towards Queen Victoria Street. The principal entrance, however, is in the retired court called Printing House Square, so called from the office of the King's Printer which existed here 1770, in the old building marked by the royal arms over its entrance. In the square

are two rare old trees of much interest to botanists.

The Times Newspaper, the leading journal of Europe, was commenced by John Walter, its first number, of January 1, 1788, being a continuation of the Daily Universal Register. The Times of November 29, 1814, was the first newspaper printed by steam.

"No description can give any adequate idea of one of the Times machines in full work,-the maze of wheels and rollers, the intricate lines of swift-moving tapes, the flight of sheets, and the din of machinery. The central drum moves at the rate of six feet per second, or one revolution in three seconds; the impression cylinder makes five revolutions in the same time. The layer-on delivers two sheets every five seconds, consequently fifteen sheets are printed in that brief space. The Times employs two of these eight-cylinder machines, each of which averages 12,000 impressions per hour; and one nine-cylinder, which prints 16,000" (Ency. Brit.). In addition to these, Howe's American machine, with ten horizontal cylinders, prints 20,000 copies in an hour.

A charming drive along the new Thames Embankment leads from Blackfriars Bridge to Westminster. Its great feature is Waterloo Bridge, the noble work of George Rennie, built 1811-1817 and opened on the second anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo. It is built of granite, and has nine arches, one hundred and twenty inches span and thirty-five high. Canova considered it "the noblest bridge in the world-worth a visit from the remotest corners of the earth ;" and Dupin describes it as a colossal monument worthy of Sesostris and the Cæsars."

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CHAPTER XII.

LONDON BRIDGE AND SOUTHWARK.

T the entrance of London Bridge, upon the right, is the Fishmongers' Hall, rebuilt by H. Roberts in 1831, in the place of a Hall of which Jarnan was the architect after the Great Fire. It is one of those huge palaces of dignified repose which are such a feature of the City. On the landing of the stairs is a statue of Sir William Walworth, 1698, painted, but carved in wood by Edward Peirce the statuary, who died in 1698.* On the pedestal is inscribed

"Brave Walworth, Knight, Lord Major yt slew
Rebellious Tyler in his alarmes.

The King, therefore, did give in liew

The Dagger in the cityes armes.

In the 4th yeare of Richard II. Anno Domini. 1381."

The dagger of Walworth is preserved in the Hall, in a glass-case, and is certainly of the fourteenth century, but unfortunately the so-called "dagger" was borne in the cityarms centuries before the time of Wat Tyler, and represents the sword of St. Paul, the patron of the corporation. On the Staircase are portraits of—

* Horace Walpole.

William III. and Mary II. Murray.

George II. and Caroline of Anspach. Shackleton.

In the Court Dining Room are—

Romney. Frederick Christian, Margrave of Anspach, nephew of Caroline, Queen of George II., who sold his principalities to the King of Prussia and came to live in England. Ob. 1806.

Elizabeth, Margravine of Anspach, 1750-1820, daughter of the fourth Earl of Berkeley, married in 1767 to William, sixth Lord Craven, and in 1791 to the Margrave of Anspach. The existence of the pictures here commemorates a fête she gave to the Fishmongers' Company at her residence of Brandenburg House on the Thames.

The Great Banqueting Hall contains portraits of

Queen Victoria, 1840. Herbert Smith.

The Duke of Kent. Beechey.

The Duke of Sussex.

In the Small Meeting Room is a fine portrait of

Earl St. Vincent, by Beechey. The flag presented to him by the crew of the Ville de Paris is preserved here.

In the Waiting Room are some curious old pictures, including a representation of the Pageant of the Fishmongers' Company on October 29, 1616, when Sir J. Leman, Fishmonger, became Lord Mayor. The relics here include

The magnificent Pall, worked by nuns, used at the funeral of Sir William Walworth in 1381.* Its principal subject is our Saviour giving the keys to St. Peter, at the ends are representations of the Deity and Angels.

The Master's Chair, made of oak from the piles of Old London Bridge, with the seat formed from the foundation-stone laid in 1176, and fished up in 1832.

*The palls preserved in many of the old City Halls are relics of the time when the Halls were let out for ceremonies of lying in state.