The fifth, the most obscure of any, exhibits the extremes of prodigality and avarice, and affords the first instance I remember to have seen, of nominal initials with dashes. Yet in his POSTSCRIPT, he professes to have avoided all personal appli

cations.

In the sixth, from Juvenal's position that every man is naturally discontented, and wishes to change his proper condition and character, he ingeniously takes occasion to expose some of the new fashions and affectations.

Out from the Gades to the eastern morne,
Not one but holds his native state forlorne.
When comely striplings wish it were their chance,
For Cenis' distaffe to exchange their lance;
And weare curl'd periwigs, and chalk their face,
And still are poring on their pocket-glasse ;

Tyr'd' with pinn'd ruffs, and fans, and partlet strips,
And buskes and verdingales about their hips:

And tread on corked stilts a prisoner's pace.

Besides what is here said, we have before seen, that perukes were now among the novelties in dress. From what follows that coaches were now in common use.

it

appears

Is't not a shame, to see each homely groome
Sit perched in an idle chariot-roome?

a B. iv. 6. Collybist, here used, means a rent or tax gatherer. Koλλus, nummularius.

attir'd, dressed, adorned.

Of the rapid encrease of the number of coaches, but more particularly of Hackney-coaches, we have a curious proof in A pleasant Dispute between Coach and Sedan, Lond. 1636. 4to. "The most eminent places for stoppage are Pawles gate into Cheapside, Ludgate and Ludgate-hill, especially when the Play is done at the Friers: then Holborne Conduit, and HolborneBridge, is villainously pestered with them, Hosier-lane, Smithfield, and Cow-lane, sending all about their new or old mended coaches. Then about the Stockes, and Poultrie, Temple

Barre, Fetter-lane, and Shoe-Lane next to Fleetstreete. But to see their multitude, either when there is a Masque at Whitehall, or a lord Mayor's Feast, or a New Play at some of the playhouses, you would admire to see them how close they stand together, like mutton-pies in a cook's oven," &c. Signat. F. Marston, in 1598, speaks of the joulting Coach of a Messalina. Sc. VILLAN. B. i. 3. And

in Marston's Postscript to PIGMALION,
1598, we are to understand a coach,
where he says,

Run as sweet
As doth a tumbrell through the paved

street.

In CYNTHIA'S REVELS, 1600, a spendthrift is introduced, who among other

B

The rustic wishing to turn soldier, is pictured in these lively and poetical colours.

The sturdy ploughman doth the soldier see
All scarfed with pied colours to the knee,
Whom Indian pillage hath made fortunate;
And nowe he gins to loathe his former state:
Nowe doth he inly scorne his Kendal-greenea,
And his patch'd cockers nowe despised beene:
carre,
Nor list he nowe go whistling to the
But sells his teeme, and settleth to the warre.
O warre, to them that neuer try'd thee sweete:
When his dead mate falls groveling at his feete:
And angry bullets whistlen at his eare,

And his dim eyes see nought but death and dreare!

Another, fired with the flattering idea of seeing his name in print, abandons his occupation, and turns poet.

In some old account I have seen of queen Elizabeth's progress to Cambridge, in 1564, it is said, that lord Leicester went in a coach, because he had hurt his leg. In a comedy, so late as the reign of Charles the First, among many studied wonders of fictitious and hyperbolical luxury, a lover promises his lady that she shall ride in a coach to the next door. Cartwright's LOVES CONVERT. A. ii. S. vi. Lond. 1651. WORKS, p. 125.

Thou shalt

Stowe says, "In the yeare 1564, Guylliam Boonen, a Dutchman, became the Queene's coachmanne, and was the first that brought the vse of coaches into England. And after a while, diuers great ladies, with as great iealousie of the' queene's displeasure, made them coaches, and rid in them vp and downe the countries to the great admiration of all the behoulders, but then by little and little they grew vsuall among the nobilitie, and others of sort, and within twenty yeares became a great trade of coachmaking. And about that time began long wagons to come in vse, such as

now come to London, from Caunterbury, Norwich, Ipswich, Glocester, &c. with passengers and commodities. Lastly, euen at this time, 1605, began the ordinary vse of caroaches." Edit. fol. 1615. p. 867. col. 2.

From a comparison of the former and latter part of the context, it will perhaps Take coach to the next door, and as it appear that Coaches and Caroaches were

were

An Expedition not a Visit, be

the same.
d This sort of stuff is mentioned in a

Bound for an house not ten strides off, statute of Richard the Second, an. 12.

still carry'd

Aloof in indignation of the earth.

A.D. 1389.

Some drunken rímer thinks his time well spent,
If he can liue to see his name in print;
Who when he once is fleshed to the presse,
And sees his handsell have such faire successe,
Sung to the wheele, and sung vnto the payle,
He sends forth thraves of ballads to the sales.

Having traced various scenes of dissatisfaction, and the desultory pursuits of the world, he comes home to himself, and concludes, that real happiness is only to be found in the academic life. This was a natural conclusion from one who had experienced no other situation".

Mongst all these stirs of discontented strife,
Oh, let me lead an academick life!

To know much, and to think we nothing knowe,
Nothing to haue, yet think we haue enowe:

By the knife-grinder and the milk

In skill to want, and wanting seeke for more;
In weale nor want, nor wish for greater store.i

The last of this Book, is a satire on the pageantries of the papal chair, and the superstitious practices of popery, with which it is easy to make sport. But our author has done this, by an uncommon quickness of allusion, poignancy of ridicule, and fertility of burlesque invention. Were Juvenal to appear at Rome, he says,

How his enraged ghost would stamp and stare,
That Cesar's throne is turn'd to Peter's chaire:
To see an old shorne lozel perched high,
Crouching beneath a golden canopie!
And, for the lordly Fasces borne of old,
To see two quiet crossed keyes of gold!

But that he most would gaze, and wonder at,
Is, th' horned mitre, and the bloody hat;

The crooked staffe', the coule's strange form and store",
Saue that he saw the same in hell before.

The following ludicrous ideas are annexed to the exclusive
appropriation of the eucharistic wine to the priest in the mass.
The whiles the liquorcus priest spits every trice,
With longing for his morning sacrifice:

Which he reares vp quite perpendiculare,

That the mid church doth spight the chancel's fare."

But this sort of ridicule is improper and dangerous. It has a tendency, even without an entire parity of circumstances, to burlesque the celebration of this aweful solemnity in the reformed church. In laughing at false religion, we may sometimes hurt the true. Though the rites of the papistic eucharist are erroneous and absurd, yet great part of the ceremony, and above all the radical idea, beleng also to the protestant

communion.

1 B. iv. 6.

cardinal's scarlet hat.

1 bishop's crosier.

and multitude of them.
B. iv. 7.

SECTION LXIV.

THE argument of the first satire of the fifth Book, is the oppressive exaction of landlords, the consequence of the growing decrease of the value of money. One of these had perhaps a poor grandsire, who grew rich by availing himself of the general rapine at the dissolution of the monasteries. There is great pleasantry in one of the lines, that he

Begg'd a cast abbey in the church's wayne.

In the mean time, the old patrimonial mansion is desolated; and even the parish-church unroofed and dilapidated, through the poverty of the inhabitants, and neglect or avarice of the patron.

Would it not vex thee, where thy sires did keep",
To see the dunged folds of dag-tayl'd sheep?
And ruin'd house where holy things were said,
Whose free-stone walls the thatched roofe vpbraid;
Whose shrill saints-bell hangs on his lovery,
While the rest are damned to the plumbery":
Yet pure devotion lets the steeple stand,
And idle battlements on either hand, &c.c

By an enumeration of real circumstances, he gives us the following lively draught of the miserable tenement, yet ample services, of a poor copyholder.

a

live, inhabit.

The bells were all sold, and melted down; except that for necessary use the Saints-bell, or sanctus-bell, was only suffered to remain within its lovery, that is louver, or turret, usually placed between

the chancel and body of the church. Marston has "pitch-black loueries." Sc. VILLAN. B. ii. 5.

Just to keep up the appearance of a church.