3. "My friend the counsellor" "Say learned friend if you please sir." 4. Prominent among the philosophers of antiquity is Socrates Socrates who looked beyond the absurd fables of his country's mythology. 5. Some men are full of affection affection for themselves. 6. I pause for a reply None? Then none have I offended. 7. Tom Moore wrote politics at times pointed bitter rankling politics but he was really no politician at heart. 8. Mark 5:15 10. 9. Greece Carthage Rome where are they Hope only Hope of all that clings Around us never spreads her wings Holmes 11. He has a weakness a weakness of the head as well as of the heart. 12. Friends neighbors my own kindred all were against the project. 13. It was a sight that child in the agony of death that would have melted any one to pity. 14. How wonderful is Death Death and his brother Sleep 15. Men will wrangle for religion write for it fight for it any. thing but live for it. 16. 17. 18. 19. Reason's whole pleasure all the joys of sense This narrow isthmus 'twixt two seas The past the future two eternities Moore 20. Greatness and goodness are not means but ends. Hath he not always treasures always friends The great good man three treasures love and light And calm thoughts regular as infant's breath And three firm friends, more sure than day and night Himself his Maker and the angel Death THE MARKS OF PARENTHESIS. The curves, or marks of parenthesis, are used to enclose such words as break the unity of the sentence and have little, if any, connection with the remaining part of it. Ex. "I have seen a man (if man he could be called) insult a defenceless boy." Note. The parenthesis is properly the part inserted, hence the marks are usually called curves, or marks of parenthesis. Remark 1.-The sentence embracing curves is punctuated as it would be were no parenthetical part included. Whatever point may be needed is placed after the last curve, unless some other mark precede the last curve, in which case the point is placed before the first curve; as,— 1. “Pride, in some disguise or other (often a secret to the proud man himself), is the most ordinary spring of action among men." 2. While we all desire fame, (and why should we not desire it?) we should do nothing unfair to gain it." Remark 2. The part within the curves is punctuated according to the rules heretofore explained, just as if no parenthesis be used. Remark 3.-The dash is preferred to the curve by many writers at present, and is quite extensively used. GENERAL EXERCISE. Punctuate the following where necessary : 1. The senator from Kentucky Mr. Clay then rose to speak. 2. I know that in me that is in ray flesh dwelleth no good thing. 3. Mr Chairman I cannot vote for this resolution applause I owe it to my constituents to oppose it and cast my vote against it 4. Our new house is it not a pretty one is very comfortable 5. I gave and who would not have done so my last dollar to the poor little fellow 6. Five years of scarcity I know that one of them might be called an average season were followed by ten of plenty. 7. To gain a posthumous reputation is to save four or five letters for what is a name besides from oblivion 8. A noun Latin nomen is a name. 9 The book if such it might be called was very carelessly written. QUOTATION MARKS (""). A quotation is the introduction into one's discourse of words uttered by some one else. Quotation Marks are two inverted commas at the beginning, and two apostrophes at the close, of the part quoted. The following are the rules for the use of quotation marks: RULE 1. Direct Quotation.-Quotation marks are used to enclose a direct quotation. Ex.-Jesus said, "I am the resurrection and the life." Note 1.-When other words occur between the quoted parts, only the quoted words are enclosed by the marks; as, "There is but one way," said the orator, "to ensure success, and that is by earnest effort." Note 2.-When the quotation is not direct, no marks are needed. Observe the difference in the following: He said, "I will be there in time." He said he would be there in time. RULE 2. A Quotation within a Quotation.- When one quotation is included within another, the included quotation is enclosed by single quotation marks. Ex.-I find the following: "I rise for information,' said a member. 'I am very glad to hear it,' said another near by; 'for no one needs it more.' Note 1.-If a quotation included within another contains another included quotation, the latter is enclosed by double quotation marks; as, I found in a book this sentence: "Some one has written, 'What a world of wisdom is contained in the words of Longfellow !-"Life is real, life is earrest; and the grave is not its goal."'" RULE 3. Quoted Paragraphs.-When a number of quoted paragraphs come in succession, the inverted commas precede each, but the closing quotation marks follow the last paragraph only. Remark. When a quotation is made the marks should enclose the punctuation marks as well as the words. Notice the difference in the following: 1. His remark was, "Why must you go?" 2. Was his remark, "Must you go" or "Will you go"? The first sentence embraces a quoted question; the second is a question itself, and therefore ends with the interrogation point. Note.-Authors sometimes put words or phrases used in illustration in quotation marks; as, "in' and 'into' are closely related." GENERAL EXERCISE. Punctuate the following where necessary : 1. Socrates said The soul is immortal 2. Socrates said that the soul is immortal 3. A drunkard once reeled up to Whitfield with the remark Mr. Whitfield, I am one of your converts I think it very likely was the reply for I am sure you are none of God's 4. Knowledge is power says the great Lord Bacon 5. See said Addison on his death-bed to a profligate young nobleman see in what peace a Christian can die 6. The world says Shakespeare is still deceived with ornament 7. One of Jefferson's rules is this Never spend your money until you have it 8. Why did you not say You must not go 9. He exclaimed Oh the wretch 10. Then said he Lo I come. 11. His remark was It was Emerson that wrote Self-trust is the essence of heroism 12. These were Longfellow's words Life is real life is earnest And the grave is not the goal THE HYPHEN (-). The Hyphen is used chiefly to connect words; as, stock-man. In the formation of compound words the hyphen should be used between the parts of the compound so long as each of these parts retains its own accent; thus, rose'-tree'; milk'ing-stool'. The hyphen is retained also in temporary compounds; as, cloudcapped, health-destroying. When, however, the accent is placed upon but one part of the compound, or the compound is one that has become permanent, the hyphen is not used; as, blackboard, penman, batsman. The hyphen is used also to indicate the uivision of a word at the end of a line. In dividing words syllables should never be broken, but the words should be separated by closing the line with a full syllable and a hyphen, and beginning the next line with the next syllable. Note 1.-The hyphen is sometimes used to indicate the divisions of a word; as, ma-nip-u-late. Note 2.-The hyphen is used also to distinguish words spelled alike, but of different meaning and pronunciation; as, re-creation, recreation. Note 3.-The hyphen may be used also to separate two adjacent vowels that do not form a diphthong; as co-operate, pre-existent, though the diæresis is sometimes used for this purpose, as in coöperate. The simplest rules with regard to the division of words into syllables are the following: 1. Join consonants to the vowels whose sounds they modify; as, an-i-ma-tion, as-tron-o-my. 2. Let prefixes and suffixes form distinct syllables when it can be done without misrepresenting the pronunciation; as, im-print-ing, re-ject-ed, di-rect-or. |