Muntjak (Cervus muntjac). which also are wanting in the female.-Allied species are found in India and China. MÜNZER, THOMAS, one of the leaders of the Anabaptists (q. v.), was born at Stolberg, in the Harz, took his degree at Wittenberg as Master of Arts, and for some time preached the doctrines of the Reformation in Zwickau and other places. Ere long, however, he adopted mystic views, and declaimed against what he called the servile, literal, and half' measures of the Reformers, requiring a radical reformation both in church and state according to his 'inward light.' He proclaimed an entire community of goods, and incited the populace to plunder the houses of the wealthy. Mühlhausen fell for a time under his sway, and that of another fanatic named Pfeifer, who joined him. He took an active part in the Peasant War, and inflamed the spirits of the insurgents by the wildest speeches and songs; but they were utterly defeated on 15th May 1525, after a severe conflict, at Frankenhausen, by the Elector John and Duke George of Saxony, the Landgrave of Hesse, and the Duke of Brunswick. M. fled, but was taken and carried to Mühlhausen, where he was beheaded along with Pfeifer and a number of others. He shewed no dignity or courage in the closing scenes of his life. See Strobel's Leben Schriften und Lehren Thom. Münzer's (Nürnb. 1795); Seidemann's Thom. Munzer (Dresd. and Leips. 1842); and Heinrich Leo in the Evangelische Kirchenzeitung (Berl. 1856). MURÆ'NA, a genus of malacopterous fishes, of those to which the name Eel is commonly given, the whole of the eels being sometimes included in the family Muranida. See EEL. The true Murano have no fins, except the dorsal and anal, which are low and fleshy. They have one row of sharp teeth in each jaw. The head is very large, and the jaws are moved with great power. The M. of the Romans, or MURRY (M. helena), abounds in the Mediterranean, and is sometimes of large size, four feet or more in length, golden yellow in front, and purple towards the tail, beautifully banded and mottled. It is much thicker in proportion to its Muræna (M. helena). but can accommodate itself to a fresh-water pond. The ancient Romans kept and fed it in vivaria. The story of Vedius Pollio feeding his murænas with offending slaves is well known. This M. has been caught on the British shores, but very rarely. Allied to the genus M. is the genus Sidera, found in the Pacific. MURAL CROWN, in Heraldry, a crown in the form of the top of a circular tower, masoned and embattled. It is meant to represent the crown which was given by the Romans as a mark of distinction to the soldier who first mounted the walls of a besieged town, and fixed there the standard of the army. A mural crown supporting the crest, in place of a wreath, occurs in the achievements of several of the English nobility, and in various grants of arms made in the early part of the present century to officers who had distinguished themselves in the war. Viscount Beresford, in consequence of his gallantry at the battle of Albuera, obtained as crest, issuing out of a mural crown, a dragon's head with its neck pierced through by a broken spear, the head of the spear point downwards being held in the mouth of the dragon. Mural Crown. MURAT, JOACHIM, king of Naples, was the son of an innkeeper at La Bastide-Fortunière, near Cahors, in France, and was born there 25th March 1767 or 1768. He was at first intended for the priesthood, and actually commenced the study of theology and canon law at Toulouse, but entered the army, and being threatened with punishment for insubordination, deserted, and after spending some time at home, proceeded to Paris, where, it is said, he was for some time a waiter at a café, but soon obtained admission into the Constitutional Guard of Louis XVI. On the outbreak of the Revolution, he was made a sub-lieutenant in a cavalry regiment. His gallantry and extreme republicanism soon won him the rank of colonel. He attached himself closely to Bonaparte, under whom he served in Italy and in Egypt, signalising himself in many battles; rose to the rank of a general of division (1799); returned with Bonaparte to France; and rendered him most important assistance on the 18th Brumaire, by dispers ing the Council of Five Hundred at St Cloud. Bonaparte now intrusted him with the command of the Consular Guard, and gave him his youngest sister, Caroline, in marriage. M. commanded the cavalry at Marengo, where he greatly distinguished MURAT-MURATORI. himself. On the establishment of the French Empire, he was loaded with honours. He continued to command the cavalry in the armies led by the Emperor, and contributed not a little to the victory at Auster litz, and to many other victories. In 1806, the newly-erected grand duchy of Berg (q. v.) was bestowed upon him. On 1st August 1808, he was proclaimed king of the Two Sicilies by the style of Joachim I. Napoleon. He took possession of Naples, but the Bourbons, through the support of Britain, retained Sicily. M. possessed the qualities requisite for a general of cavalry rather than those of a king. He was very deficient in political skill and energy; but by the moderation of his government, he won the hearts of his subjects. Even his love of pomp and show, and the theatrical splendour of his equipment, which were a subject of mirth in France and Germany, rather gratified the Neapolitans. He endured with difficulty the yoke of Napoleon, which left him little but the outward show of royalty. In the expedition against Russia, he commanded the whole cavalry, but on its failure, he returned to Naples, anxious and discontented. He joined the French army again in 1813, but after the battle of Leipzig, withdrew to his own dominions, determined on breaking the French fetters with which he was bound. He concluded a treaty with Austria, and a truce with the British admiral, and promised the allies an auxiliary corps. He hesitated, however, even after his new course seemed to have been decisively adopted; and finding his position insecure after Napoleon's overthrow, he entered into private communications with him at Elba. On the Emperor's return to France, M. placed himself at the head of an army of 40,000 men, and commenced a hasty war against Austria. He was defeated at Ferrara, 12th April 1815, and again at Tolentino, 2d May. With a few horsemen he fled to Naples, where all was insurrection and commotion; thence to the island of Ischia, and found his way to France, whilst his wife and children took refuge in the British fleet. After Napoleon's final overthrow, he found refuge in Corsica, from which he proceeded in a foolhardy manner with a few followers to the coast of Naples, and proclaimed himself king and liberator, but was presently taken prisoner, and after trial by a courtmartial, was shot in a hall of the castle of Pizzo, on 13th October 1815. See Léonard Gallais, Histoire de Joachim Murat (Paris, 1828), and Coletta, Histoire des Six derniers mois de la Vie de Joachim Murat (Paris, 1821). His widow assumed the title of Countess of Lipona, and resided in the neighbourhood of Trieste, where she died in 1839. His two sons went to the United States, where the elder, NAPOLÉON ACHILLE MURAT, settled in Florida, and published a number of works on the constitution and politics of his adopted country. He died 15th April 1847. The younger, NAPOLEON LUCIEN CHARLES, married an American lady in 1827, but suffered several reverses in fortune, and Madame Murat was obliged to open a boarding-school for the support of herself and her husband. Twice he attempted to return to France secretly (in 1837 and 1844), but failed on both occasions. The Revolution of 1848, however, opened the country to him. He attached himself closely to Prince Louis Napoleon; and was in 1849 French Ambassador Extraordinary to the court of Turin. In 1852 he was made a senator; and in 1853 he received the title of prince. The Italian revolution appeared to present some chances for him, but nothing came of these. MURATORI, LUDOVICO ANTONIO, a celebrated antiquary and historian, was born at Vignola, in the duchy of Modena, October 21, 1672. From a very early period, his predilection for historical and literary pursuits began to manifest itself; and, having entered into holy orders, without, however, accepting any ecclesiastical office, his life was devoted partly to the literature of his profession, but mainly to researches in history, both sacred and profane, especially the history of his native country. In his 22d year, he was appointed one of the librarians of the Ambrosian Library at Milan, a post which has since received equal celebrity from a successor not unworthy of the fame of M., the illustrious Angelo Mai (q. v.). Here he gave to the world his first publication, a collection of inedited Greek and Latin fragments, under the titles of Anecdota Graca and Anecdota Latina. But his most important labours were reserved for the capital of his native duchy, whither, in 1700, he was recalled by the Duke of Modena, to take charge of the celebrated D'Este Library, and of the ducal archives; his only ecclesiastical preferment being that of provost of the church of St Mary, at Pomposa. From the date of his return to Modena, M. began to devote himself more exclusively to Italian history, especially to the history of medieval Italy; and his labours in this department extended over the greater part of his life. It was not until the year 1723 that the first volume of his great collection, Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, appeared, and the work proceeded at regular intervals for nearly thirty years, the last of the twenty-eight folio volumes which compose it bearing the date of 1751. This immense publication, which was produced by the joint contributions of the princes and higher nobility of Italy, embraces a range from the 5th to the 16th c., and contains all the chronicles of Italy during that vast period, illustrated with commentaries and critical notices. It was accompanied by a collection of dissertations illustrative of the religious, literary, social, political, military, and commercial relations of the several states of Italy during the period, in 6 vols. folio, 1738-1742, a work which, although far from being exempt from errors, is still regarded as a treasurehouse of medieval antiquities. While engaged in these prodigious labours, M. carried on an active literary correspondence with the scholars of the various countries of Europe, and contributed essays not unfrequently to the principal historical and literary academies, of most of which he was a member. He was the first, moreover, to undertake a general History of Italy from the commencement of the vulgar era down to his own time. It is in 12 vols. 4to, and still retains its value as a book of reference, having been continued by Coppi down to the year 1819. In his capacity of archivist of the Duke of Modena, he compiled, in two vols. folio, the Antiquities of the d'Este Family (1710— 1740), as well as a series of historical and polemical treatises on certain territorial questions in dispute between the House of Modena and the court of Rome. To the department of classical scholarship, M.'s collection of Inscriptions (6 vols. folio, 1739— 1743), which, in this point of view, was a necessary supplement to the collection of Gruter and the other antiquaries who had preceded him, is still acknowledged as a most important contribution; and he has also left works of standard merit in the departments of jurisprudence, of literary criticism, of poetry, of biography, and even of the history of medical science. In the studies of his own profession, as well liturgical and historical, as dogmatical and even ascetical, M., although he did not follow the method of the schools, was hardly less distinguished than if he had made these the pursuit of his life. Some of his opinions were regarded with disfavour, if not directly condemned; but his MURCHISON-MURCIA. He vindication of himself, addressed to the learned Pope Benedict XIV., drew forth a warm and honourable testimony to the uprightness of his motives, which, without approving of the opinions to which exception had been taken, declared them free from the imputation of being contrary either to the doctrine or to the discipline of the church. Although M.'s life was essentially that of a scholar, yet his exactness in discharging the duties of a parish priest was beyond all praise, and several of the existing charitable institutions of Pomposa were founded by him. He died at Modena, January 28, 1750, in his 78th year. His works, which it would be tedious to enumerate in full detail, fill 46 volumes in folio, 34 in 4to, 13 in 8vo, and many more in 12mo. Some of these are posthumous, and were published by his nephew, G. F. Muratori, from whom we also have a life of his distinguished uncle, in 4to, printed at Omer, 1758. MURCHISON, SIR RODERICK IMPEY, geologist and geographer, was born at Tarradale, Ross-shire, in 1792. He was educated at the Grammar-school, Durham, and having a bias for military life, next studied at the Military College, Marlow. entered the army at an early age, and served as an officer in the 36th Regiment in Spain and Portugal. He was placed on the staff of his uncle, General Sir Alexander Mackenzie, and then obtained a captaincy in the 6th Dragoons. Quitting the army in 1816, he devoted himself to science-more especially to geology. After five years' investigation, he established what he called the Silurian system (q. v.). He found the same sedimentary strata lying in the earth's crust beneath the old red sandstone in the mountainous regions of Norway and Sweden, in the vast and distant provinces of the Russian empire, and also in North and South America. He explored also several parts of Germany, Poland, and the Carpathians; and in 1846 he commenced a geological survey of the Russian empire, under the countenance of the imperial government. M. de Verneuil was associated with him in this great work. Upon the presentation of his first report, the Emperor Nicholas gave him a decoration and a colossal vase of Siberian aventurine, mounted on a column of porphyry, with a suitable inscription. After three years' additional labour, he completed his survey of Russia, which obtained for him the grand cross of the order of St Stanislaus, and the honour of British knighthood. He has frequently held the office of President of the Geological Society, and in his anniversary address in 1844, first predicted the discovery of gold in Australia. In 1846, six years before that metal was practically worked, he addressed a letter to the President of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, inciting the unemployed Cornish tin-miners to emigrate and dig for gold in Australia. In 1846, he was elected President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and in this year received the Copley medal of the Royal Society of London. He was elected President of the Royal Geographical Society in 1844 and 1845, was re-elected in 1857, and still holds this distinguished post. His anniversary addresses to the geographers are of great interest and value. Perhaps no man living has done more to promote geographical science at home, and kindle the spirit of adventure among the explorers of distant lands. In 1855, he succeeded Sir H. De la Beche in the office of Director of the Museum of Practical Geology. In 1857, he presided over the banquet to Dr Livingstone. He presents an annual report to parliament as Directorgeneral of the Geological Survey and Government School of Mines. So laborious has been his life, and so various have been his labours, that a mere list of his essays on geology, &c., would fill three or four pages. M. has also prepared and published sixteen geological maps. The greater portion of his contributions to science have been published in the Transactions of the Geological Society, Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, &c. He has also published volumes on the Tertiary Deposits of Lower Styria, Austria, and Bavaria (1830), the Geology of Cheltenham (1834), &c. MURCHISO'NIA, a genus of fossil gasteropodous mollusca belonging to the family Haliotide, and so named in honour of Sir R. I. Murchison. The genus consists of at least 50 species, all which are charac teristic of the Paleozoic rocks, occurring in the series from the Lower Silurian up to the Permian. The shell differs from the large genus Pleurotomaria only in being very much elongated. Like it, the whorls are sculptured and zoned, the aperture is channelled in front, and the outer lip is deeply notched. MU'RCIA, a former province of Spain, now sub. divided into the smaller provinces of Albacete and Murcia, is situated in the south-east of the peninsula. It is bounded on the N. by New Castile, on the E. by Valencia, on the S. by the Mediterranean, and on the W. by Granada, Andalusia, and New Castile. Area, 10,311 square miles. Pop. 582,087. In the north-east, the province is partly level; but in the south-west, it is composed of great valleys, high The coast complateaus, and mountain ranges. prises stretches of desert. The principal river is the Segura, which flows through the middle of M. is not very productive, and never will be, the province from west to east. On the whole, on account of the failure of water, partly caused by the destruction of the forests. The only fertile districts are the valleys of the Segura, and the sidevalleys of Lorca, Albacete, Chinchilla, and Almansa. The Esparto wastes have remained uncultivated since the banishment of the Moriscoes in 1610; and the canal of M., which is intended to irrigate the arid Campo de Cartagena, is not yet finished. M. is one of the most thinly peopled districts of Spain. The north yields wheat and barley; the south, maize, fruits, wine, oil, silk, and hemp. Goats, sheep, and swine are reared in great numbers. In metals, salt, and mineral springs, M. is abundant; it has also many smelting works for iron, lead, and copper ores, brimstone and alum. The roads, however, are in the most wretched condition, and industry in general is still in a backward state. The province was frightfully devastated by a great earthquake, 18-21 March 1829. quered by the Arabs in 711; after the fall of the califate of Cordova, it became an independent Arab kingdom, but, six years afterwards, was subjugated by King Ferdinand III. of Castile in 1241. M. was con MURCIA (the Roman Murgi), a large, important, and ancient town of Spain, capital of the province of the same name, on the left bank of the Segura, and near the junction of that river with the Sangonera, 50 miles south-west of Alicante. It stands in the midst of a beautiful and luxuriantly productive huerta or garden, 16 miles in length, and from 7 to 8 miles wide. This huerta forms a portion of what is called the vale of M.; is well watered, has a bright green appearance even in winter; produces wheat, flax, pulse, and vegetables, and grows innumerable mulberry, orange, fig, and palm trees. The streets of M. are narrow but clean, and the houses are gaudily painted in pink and yellow. Its squares are filled with cypress, orange, lemon, and other southern trees. It is the see of a bishop MURDER-MURIDE. Some have the shell beset with long and regularly arranged spines. The whorls of the shell are marked with ridges, or varices. Some species of M. are found on the British coasts. Species are found in all parts of suffragan to Toledo; the cathedral is surmounted to many species of M.; and some, from the length by a tower begun in 1522, completed in 1766, and of the beak, are called WOODCOCK-SHELL. crowned by a dome from which a magnificent view is obtained. The city contains few objects of fine art, a circumstance which is accounted for by the fact that, on the occasion of its siege by Sebastiani, that general, after promising that persons and property should be respected, entered the town 23d April 1810, and rifled it of its wealth and arttreasures. Silks, linens, baskets, mats, and cordage are manufactured, and oil-mills, tanneries, and other works are in operation. Pop. 109,446. MURDER is the crime of killing a human being of malice aforethought, and is punishable with death. It is immaterial what means are employed to effect the object. Blackstone says that the name of murder, as a crime, was anciently applied only to the secret killing of another, which the word moërda signifies in the Teutonic language. And among the ancient Goths in Sweden and Denmark, the whole vill or neighbourhood was punished for the crime, if the murderer was not discovered. Murder is defined by Coke thus: When a person of sound memory and discretion unlawfully killeth any reasonable creature in being, and under the king's peace, with malice aforethought, either express or implied.' Almost every word in this definition has been the subject of discussion in the numerous cases that have occurred in the law-courts. The murderer Woodcock-Shell (Murex tenuispina). the world; the largest are tropical. The ancients obtained their purple dye (see TYRIAN PURPLE) from species of M., particularly M. trunculus and M. brandaris. The VENUS COMB of the Indian seas is M. tribulus, a very delicate and beautiful shell, with many long thin spines. Fossil Muricide are numerous, but are scarcely found in any formation older than the eocene tertiary. MURE'XIDE, Purpurate of Ammonia, or Roman Purple, a curious colouring matter obtained from guano. It is similar to the purple dye or Tyrian purple of the ancients, which was made from a species of Murex-hence its name. Murexide is a product of uric acid, and as this exists in abundance, and in a very free state, in guano, that material has been found one of the best sources from which to obtain it. One process used by Mr Rumney of Manchester, the chief manufacturer of this material, to produce murexide, is to dissolve uric acid in dilute nitric acid, and after evaporating for some time at a temperature a little short of boiling, whilst still hot, to add a slight excess of ammonia. Two compounds are formed by this process, Alloxan and Alloxantin, and their mutual reaction on each other results in the formation of the beautiful minute green metallic-lustred crystals of murexide, which, in combination with some of the compounds of lead and mercury, yield most brilliant red and purple dyes. The use of murexide was becoming extensive until the discovery of the aniline colours, the greater brilliancy of which has checked its employment. Murexide is used in printing both cotton and silk goods, which, under the name of the Roman-purple style,' has been brought to great perfection by several large firms. MURIATIC ACID. See HYDROCHLORIC ACID. MU'RIDÆ, a family of rodent quadrupeds, containing many genera and a very large number of species, distributed over all parts of the world, and of which rats and mice may be regarded as typical examples. To this family belong also voles, lemformings, dormice, jerboas, marmots, &c. The M. are of the section of rodents having distinct clavicles. They have three or four molars on each side in each jaw, the molars at first furnished with rounded tubercles, which wear down till they exhibit mere roughened crowns. The typical M., and those most nearly allied to them, have scaly tails. Marmots, dormice, jerboas, &c., have hairy tails. There are great diversities of structure and habits among the Muridae. All of them feed on vegetable food, but many of them are ready also to eat animal ́substances.-The limits of the family M. are very differently stated by different naturalists. MU'REX, a Linnæan genus of gasteropodous molluscs, of which has now been formed the family Muricida, belonging to the order Pectinibranchiata of Cuvier. The sexes are distinct; the animal has a broad foot, often much expanded; the eyes are not on stalks; the shell has a straight canal in front, often prolonged through part of a very long beak; no canal behind. The Muricida all prey on other molluscs, boring through the shells with their hard-toothed proboscis. The name ROCK-SHELL is often given MURILLO-MURRAY. MURILLO, BARTHOLOMÉ ESTEBAN, was born a liberal supply of soft, easily digestible food, are the chief requisites for speedy recovery. A laxative may be given if needed. The mouth may be washed out twice daily with a mild astringent solution, which may be made with half an ounce of alum, oxide of zinc, or sugar of lead, to the quart of water. The udder in milch cows, in which the complaint is usually most serious, should be bathed with tepid water before and after milking, which must be attended to very regularly; and the feet kept clean, and washed occasionally with the lotion used for the mouth. 6 at Seville, and baptized Jan. 1, 1618; and after receiving some education, was placed with his relative, Juan del Castillo, to study painting. Having saved a little money, which he made by painting religious pictures for exportation to South America, he went to Madrid in 1641, being then in his 24th year, was favourably noticed by his celebrated townsman, Velasquez, and through his influence, was enabled to study the chefs-d'œuvre of Italian and Flemish art in the royal collections. In 1645, he determined to return to Seville, though advised to proceed to Rome by Velasquez, who offered him letters from the king. After settling in MURRAY, or MORAY, JAMES STEWART, Earl Seville, he received numerous important commis- OF, sometimes called the Good Regent,' was the sions, and was soon acknowledged as the head of natural son of James V. of Scotland, by Margaret, the school there. In 1648, M. married a lady of daughter of John, fourth Lord Erskine, afterwards fortune; he now maintained a handsome establish- wife of Sir Robert Douglas of Lochleven. He was ment, and his house was the resort of people of of St Andrews in 1538, and subsequently of the born about 1531, made Commendator of the priory taste and fashion. The Academy of Seville was founded by him in 1660, but he filled the office priory of Mâcon (in France). He joined the of president only during the first year. He fell Reformers in 1556, and almost immediately became from a scaffold when painting in Cadiz on an the chief of the Protestant party in Scotland. In altar-piece for the Church of the Capuchins, 1561, he was sent to France, to invite Queen Mary returned to Seville, and soon after died from to return to her kingdom; and on her arrival, the injury he received, April 3, 1682. In early life, he became her prime minister and adviser. he painted many pictures illustrative of humble February 1562, he was created Earl of Mar; but life; in these, the manner was darker and less the title of Earl of Moray was conferred upon him that earldom having been claimed by Lord Erskine, refined than that exhibited in his later pictures, instead a few months afterwards. Strongly opposed which are mostly scriptural or religious pieces. In the Louvre, and in England, there are about forty to the marriage.of Mary with Lord Darnley, 29th of his works. Sir David Wilkie, who greatly July 1565, he endeavoured to oppose it by an admired and carefully studied the Spanish school, appeal to arms; but he was easily put to flight by has remarked, in reference to it: Velasquez and He did not return to Edinburgh till the 10th March queen, and obliged to take refuge in England. Murillo are preferred, and preferred with reason, to all the others, as the most original and character-1566, the day after the assassination of Rizzio, in which he was an accomplice. istic of their school. These two great painters are remarkable for having lived in the same time, in the same school, painted for the same people, and of the same age, and yet to have formed two styles so different and opposite, that the most unlearned can scarcely mistake them; Murillo being all softness, while Velasquez is all sparkle and vivacity.' MURO'M, or MOOROM, a town in the southeast of the government of Vladimir, in European Russia, 70 miles east-south-east of Vladimir, and situated on the right bank of the Oka, a tributary of the Volga. Pop. (1859) 10,328. The chief industrial establishments are tanneries and sailcloth and linen factorics. The fisheries on the Oka supply the surrounding country. M. is also noted for its orchards and kitchen-gardens, the latter of which supply a great portion of Russia with cucumber-seed of the first quality. Gypsum quarries in the neighbourhood are extensively worked during winter, and their produce is transmitted by water to Moscow and St Petersburg. M. has a very picturesque appearance, and was formerly surrounded by impenetrable forests. It is frequently mentioned in the old national ballads, and is one of the most ancient towns of Russia. MU'RRAIN is the generic term loosely used to designate a variety of diseases of domestic animals, but more correctly restricted to the vesicular epizootic, popularly known as the mouth and foot disease. It is a contagious eruptive fever, affecting cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry; but rarely communicable to horses or men. It is characterised by the appearance of little bladders or vesicles in the mouth, on the lips, gums, and tongue; on the udder, and in the interdigital space; causing inability to eat, and drivelling of saliva, heat and swelling of the udder, and lameness. The disorder runs a fixed and definite course usually in eight or ten days. Good nursing, comfortable lodgings, and the In In April 1567, he went to France, but was recalled in August of the same year by the lords in arms against the queen, himself appointed regent of the kingdom. After when he found Mary a prisoner in Lochleven, and the escape of the queen, he defeated her forces, May 13, 1568, at Langside, near Glasgow, and was afterwards one of the commissioners sent to England to conduct the negotiations against her. By his prompt and vigorous measures, zeal, and prudence, he succeeded in securing the peace of the kingdom, and settling the affairs of the church, but was assassinated at Linlithgow by Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, January 21, 1570. MURRAY, JOHN, the name of three generations He of English publishers, will for ever remain associated He |