5. Which are absolutely incapable of agreement and co-existence?

6. What ought to be required of each temperament; and what should be the business and amusements of each? What friend, what foe, can most incite pleasure or passion in each?

7. Has any temperament bad qualities which are not counterbalanced by good?

8. How are the various traits of the same temperament diversified by rank, age, and

sex?

III.

SIGNS OF BODILY STENGTH AND

WEAKNESS.

We call that human body strong which can easily alter other bodies, without being easily altered itself. The more immediately it can act, and the less immediately it can be acted upon, the greater is its strength; and the weaker the less it can act, or withstand the action of others.

There is a tranquil strength, the essence of which is immobility; and there is an active strength, the essence of which is motion. The one has motion, the other stability, in an extraordinary degree. There is the strength of the rock, and the elasticity of the spring.

There is the Herculean strength of bones and sinews; thick, firm, compact, and immoveable as a pillar.

There are heroes less Herculean, less firm, sinewy, large; less set, less rocky, who yet, when roused, when opposed in their activity, will meet oppression with so much strength, will resist weight with such elastic force, as scarcely to be equalled by the most bony and muscular strength.

The elephant has native, bony strength: Irritated or not, he bears prodigious burthens, and crushes all on which he treads. An irritated wasp has strength of a totally different kind; but both have compactness for their foundation, and, especially, the firmness of construction.

All porosity destroys strength.

The strength, like the understanding, of a man is discovered by its being more or less compact. The elasticity of a body has signs so remarkable that they will not permit us to confound such body with one that is not elastic. How manifest are the varieties of strength, between the foot of an elephant and a stag; a wasp and a fly!

Tranquil, firm strength, is shown in the proportions of the form, which ought rather to be short than long.

In the thick neck, the broad shoulders, and the countenance; which, in a state of health, is rather bony than fleshy.

In the short, compact, and knotty forehead; and, especially, when the sinus frontales are visible, but not too far projecting; flat in the middle, or suddenly indented, but not in smooth cavities.

In horizontal eyebrows, situated near the eye.

Deep eyes, and stedfast look.

In the broad firm nose, bony near the forehead; and, especially, in its straight, angular, outlines.

In short, thick, curly hair of the head, and beard.

In short, broad teeth, standing close to each other. In compact lips, of which the under rather projects than retreats. In the strong, prominent, broad chin.

In the strong, projecting os occipitis.

In the bass voice; the firm step; and in sitting still.

Elastic strength, the living power of irritability, must be discovered in the moment of action; and the firm signs must, afterward, be abstracted, when the excited power is once more at rest." This body, therefore, which at rest was capable of so little, acted and resisted so weakly, can, thus irritated, and with this degree of tension, become thus powerful."-On enquiry we shall find that this strength, awakened by irritation, generally resides in thin, tall, but not very tall, and bony, rather than muscular bodies: in bodies of dark, or pale, complexions; of rapid motion, joined with a certain

kind of stiffness; of hasty and firm walk; of fixed, penetrating look; and with open lips, but easily, and accurately, to be closed.

Signs of weakness are, disproportionate length of body; much flesh, little bone ; extension; a tottering frame; a loose skin; round, obtuse, and, particularly, hollow outlines of the forehead and nose; smallness of nose and chin; little nostrils; the retreating chin; long, cylindrical, neck; the walk very hasty, or languid, without firmness of step; the timid aspect; closing eyelids; open mouth; long teeth; the jaw-bone long, but bent, toward the ear; whiteness of complexion; teeth inclined to be yellow, or green; fair, long, and tender hair; shrill voice.