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took the opportunity to sketch his appearance as he stood before the hut.

"true Englishmen never broke a treaty; that it had always been our boast to adhere to them; At four o'clock a message came from the king, and that, if he had met with white people who desiring to see me; and knowing his passion for had deceived him, he had been unfortunate-they dress, and concluding that he would now enter were not the right sort of Englishmen." Dingarn upon the business of my visit, I went up in full replied, "I believe you. I am glad, very glad, and uniform. He was seated as before, just without thank you much for the word you have brought. his fence, accompanied, at a respectable distance, I have seen many white people, but now a great by Umthlella and Tambooza. Having seated my chief is come among us, to whom I can speak my self, I waited, as usual, for the king to commence heart." I told him that "I needed no thanks; the conversation, until I feared my silence might that it was only my duty; that I feared God, and appear rude, when I inquired of Mambayendi, who therefore he might rely upon all I told him, for I accompanied me, whether he was waiting for me dared not speak what was not true. In God's to speak. Dingarn, who overheared my question, word we were told to do to others as we would be and was eyeing my dress with great earnestness, done by; and, therefore, while in his country, I replied that he must have time to look at me be- should study his interest as much as I should that fore he could say any thing. I told him that this of my own sovereign." Here he pointed his finwas my war-dress, and that I always wore it ger at me in their usual style of recognition and when I approached my own sovereign. He said satisfaction when animated, and again thanked it was very handsome, and commenced a close me for the good word I had brought. The parexamination of every part, particularly the sword, ticular object of the conference being now conwhich I handed to him. Seeing that he was cluded, the sword again became his plaything, and greatly pleased with the workmanship of the hilt, he asked several questions respecting the devices tassel, &c., I said that if he would like to have it on the hilt and blade, particularly how the lion's I would present it to him. He readily accepted head was formed. Dingarn then inquired the ob it, saying, that he "liked every thing," and amus-ject of Mr. Fynn's mission to Faku; which I told ed himself for some time with drawing and sheath-him was to encourage Faku, who had resolved to ing it again. The ridiculous part of the ceremony stand fast by the English, who were driving the being over, Dingarn commenced the business by Amakasa before them, and were shortly expected observing that he had not before asked me respect-to enter Hinza's territory. Being desirous, while ing the news I had brought, as the Indoonas were absent, but that now they were come he wished to hear it. A meeting of the white people at Port Natal, I informed him, had lately taken place, to consider what was the best method to prevent his people from deserting and coming down to us in future. The advice I had given, and which was unanimously adopted, was then stated, as also the request that I should communicate it to hin, which I was glad to undertake, being desirous at all times to be the king's friend. In reference to the proposition to send deserters back, provided he agreed to the arrangement, he asked, "Would you send them bound?" "We could do nothing," I replied, "unless he agreed to guarantee the lives and property of every individual now residing at Port Natal. The white people were but few, while the natives were comparatively numerous; and as the greater part were deserters from him, they would never (being themselves in similar circumstances) be induced to lend their aid to secure a single individual who sought refuge among them; and, however desirous the white people might be to second the views of the king, it would be quite beyond their power, as the natives would contrive to harbor and secret them in defiance of all their vigilance. On the other hand, once assured of their pardon and security, the black people would, I had no doubt, assist us; and it would then be difficult for any deserter to make his escape." Dingarn at once entered into the plan, which he considered equitable; and after picking a little of the fence, and considering a ininute or two, he turned round and with some energy said, "he granted all; that he never would molest any of his subjects now at Natal for past offences; that he should keep fast his word; but that he knew the white people would be the first to break the treaty." I observed here, that

on this subject, to impress him with some idea of the power of the field-pieces which accompanied the British force in Kafirland, I could scarcely keep my countenance on hearing them designated by the ridiculous term "by and bye," an adopted expression now universally applied to cannon or great guns. The origin of this term is somewhat curious. Lieutenant Farewell, R. N., who was the first settler at Port Natal, had constructed a fort round his house, on which some carriage-guns were mounted.* These guns excited much curiosity among the natives, and he was frequently questioned by them as to their use. His usual reply was, "You shall see by and bye;" until hearing the last words so frequently repeated in reference to the guns, they naturally concluded that it was the proper name. A messenger was now sent for the colored prints, in order that they might be exhibited before the Indoonas. Cer. tainly nothing could have been more happy than the selection. Dingarn was delighted with every one, and told me that during the whole of yesterday, until the sun went down, he had amused himself with looking them over. Observing a carriage drawn by horses, in one of the prints, he expressed his surprise that they should be employed for such a purpose, having always imagin ed, as he said, that wagons were only drawn by oxen. Having never seen any other description of wheeled carriage, it was difficult to convey an idea of the distinction, and he seemed astonished at the rapidity with which I told him carriages in England were whirled along. It was amusing to observe that the Indoonas were as much struck with the beauty of the female portraits as Dingarn, which, considering the antipathy generally evinced by blacks to a white skin, could hardly have

*No vestage remains of these buildings,

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THE ZOOLU COUNTRY.

Thursday, 7th.-This morning had a long conversation with Umthella and Tambooza, in my hut; making them at the same time a present, consisting of cloth, printed calico, and a few naval buttons. I told them that my heart was still as anxious as before to speak to them the words of God, and that I should be much obliged if they would take my words to the king. They both replied in the most friendly manner, saying that they had held fast the word which I had spoken yesterday, namely, that I desired to be the king's friend; that those were good words, and had made their hearts glad. They said, that the king's heart was now towards me, and inquired if there was any thing else which I wished them to mention to him. I told them that the king had well provided for all my wants; that I had nothing further to ask, and no other wish, but his permission to tell them what God had said. It was, I informed them, by keeping His word that we had risen to be a great peopel, and as it was my desire to do them good, I wished them also to become acquainted with it. They left me, much pleased with the presents, and promised to acquaint the king with what I had said. Though not relevant to this subject, I cannot omit the curious reply of Umthella to my question-" How do you manage to sleep with so many rats continually running over you?" "We don't mind them," he said; "it's only play; they are poor little wild animals, looking out for food; the only harm they do us, is eating our corn." I felt almost inclined to envy the perfect indifference with which he treated these unwelcome visiters. The evening set in with heavy rain, which, much to my inconvenience, penetrated my hut in several places. Dingarn kindly sent to inquire if I was cold, and whether I should not like a fire. I desired the messenger to assure him that I was very comfortable, but I had not at that time discovered the leaks in my roof.

been anticipated. Dingarn was quite animated ternoon with Dingarn, in the Issigōrdlo, the conwhile talking over the sporting pieces, and, in imi-versation was nearly in the following words :tation of one of these scenes, (partridge shooting,) "To-morrow is our holy-day, on which we do no placed the hilt of the sword to his shoulder, and work." Dingarn.-"Are not my people to do pointed it upwards, in the attitude of taking aim. any work?" A. They have not yet heard Contrary to my expectation, he had contrived to God's words: those who have understood them, squeeze his wrists into a pair of bracelets I had will not work on that day, but employ it in worgiven him yesterday, and which I had thought shipping God; it is, therefore, my wish to say all scarcely possible. At half-past five, I took my that is in my mind, to the king, on this day. It is leave, thankful at the good success of this my first necessary that the agreement between us and the attempt at negotiation. king should be taken to Port Natal as soon as possible, as I wish the king's words to be known there, and, therefore, it is my intention, that the wagon should return the day after to-morrow, but I do not wish to take leave of the king, without letting him know all that is in my heart." Dingarn.-"Say on." A. "I feel just as anxious to do your people good as ever, and I know that the best way is to teach them the word of God. This was what I came up for before, and now it is my only desire." Dingarn." It was in my heart to let you stay and teach when you came before, but the Indoonas were against it." A. "I thought so at the time. If the king pleases, I will now stay for this purpose, but if not, I will return with the wagon." Dingarn.-"How will you teach the people at Port Natal!" A. "I have already sent to Granam's Town for another person to come out and teach them, so that I can now remain with the king if he pleases," Dingarn.-“ I wish you to go to Port Natal, and see that they keep the agreement, for I have often spoken to them, and know that they will not adhere to it unless you are there." A. "It will not be necessary that I should go, a letter will do as well; they will then hear your words, and keep them." Dingarn. -"How do you mean to teach; shall you want the children?" A. "I shall not trouble the children at first*; all I wish to do, is to speak openly the words of God." Dingarn.-"Do you mean the Book"" (alluding to the Testament I usually carried with me). A. Yes, that book contains God's words. I should speak them to all the people, before the king, who could then judge for himself, whether they were not good words." Dingarn.-" How many could you teach; would these be enough?" (pointing to about fifty of his women, who were standing near). A. "Yes, and many more; if they were all seated round, I could speak to all the people of this town at the same time." Mambayendi, who was present, asked how long he should be learning the words? I replied, if he paid attention, three moons would be sufficient; but we never ceased to read them, for they taught us how to be happy; how we were to behave to each other; and how we were to serve God. Dingarn.-"Can we learn them?" A. "Certainly; there was a time when we ourselves did not know them; before that time we were a poor people, but, by keeping those words, we had become a great people They were now a great people, but I wished them to know these words that they might become greater." Dingarn.-"I must speak with the Indoonas about it." (They had never delivered my message to him.) I then told him, that I was desirous to take

Friday, 8th.-Dingarn sent to say, that some of the people had observed me walking about alone among the bushes, a long way from the town, and that he recommended me not to go there again, as there were many wild beast in that part, and several of the people had been taken off by them, and never heard of since. The fact is, there is so little water about this place, and that so polluted by the washing of hides for shields. &c., that I had crossed the mountain in quest of a place to bathe, and, finding the walk and scenery so pleasant, had been induced to extend it. Having desired them to thank the king for his consideration, he soon after sent his servant Barka, who, accompanied by Mambayendi, had directions to shew me a place where the water was good, and much nearer.

Saturday, 9th.-Had a long interview this af

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I thought it prudent to waive this point, as it had been a stumbling block on a former occasion.

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or send the treaty to Port Natal soon, and that perhaps it would be better to send it immediately by a messenger, who could travel much faster than a wagon. Dingarn.-"I wish you to take it, but do not wish you to leave me yet; you must take the treaty with you, and afterwards you can return and teach 'The Book."" A. "I am ready to do whatever the king pleases, but should return with much greater satisfaction, if he would first give me his 'fast word' about coming back to teach." I then informed him that my friend Mr. Berkin had left me for the Colony, and, on his return, would bring some handsome presents, which I had ordered for him, but that they would not be forwarded until the "fast word" had been received, respecting my remaining to teach. He seemed much pleased with the prospect of more presents, and said that he would speak with his Indoonas. On taking my leave, I said, that to him I should now look to fix the time of my return, and that as to-morrow was our holy-day, I hoped he would permit me to tell them God's words. His only reply was, "Deăva" (I hear.) During the whole of this conversation, my interpreter, and George King the wagon driver, were occupied, at Dingarn's desire, in making him a cloak out of some handkerchief-stuff, which I had given him. After once seeing the method of using the scissors, Dingarn took them up, and finished the cutting part himself in a very notable manner. It was the first time he had ever used them, still he persevered, although complaining much of their pinching his fingers. Both in coming and returning, I was greeted by those of the king's women, who had seen me at Unkunginglove, waving their hands, and calling out "Cappan Garna," at the same time asking for snuff. The sumptuary laws in this country, though somewhat more relaxed than formerly, are still very rigid. Neither Umthella nor Tambooza, to whom I had this evening sent a present of some printed calico, would allow their wives to wear it, without first asking permission of the king; which I afterwards understood had been granted. The common blue checked patterns they are allowed to wear; but as this was a fancy thing on a light ground, it was considered by them as too gay for a subject. Soon after returning to my hut, the king sent me a cow to slaughter, and Eōto a bowl of outchualla. The king's women, I observed still retained their brass collars; but, as the dancing season was now over, the men had relinquished all their brass ornaments, no doubt to their great relief, but their appearance was by no means improved.

Sunday, 10th.-This has been a day of distinguished mercy. The Lord has answered my prayers, and given me good success-blessed be his holy name. May I ever regard myself as only an humble instrument in His hands, unworthy to be employed in His service, and ascribe to Him all the wisdom, all the power, and all the glory. He works not as man works-His ways and His times are the fittest. Oh that he may prepare me by His grace for the work which is before me, and grant that the door which he has so graciously opened may be effectual in giving light to those who now sit in darkness and the shadow of death, and incline the hearts of many to go forth as laborers into this harvest! Held the English ser

vice in the tent, but greatly disturbed by the incessant noise of the people, who were occupied in rebuilding and removing their houses.

"Set your affections on things above."-(Coloss, iii. 2.)

I ask not wealth, but heavenly love,-
That holy fire that angels know,—
To raise my early thoughts above,
And bid my soul with rapture glow,

All is dark and dreary here, Nature's noon a cheerless night, Till the Lord of life appear, Shedding beams of joy and light.

Oh for a living coal to touch

My lips, that I might speak his praise, Whose all constraining love was such,

He sought me when in sin's dark ways!

What boundless love! to pity one So wretched-so depraved; Renew the grace I dared to shun, Unwilling to be saved.

While we sojourn nere below, More than half is yet untold; 'Tis but little now we know,

Till death this veil of sense unfold,

But oh! enough remains to swell
This thankless heart with greatful praise;
How should these lips his goodness tell,
Who kept and fed me all my days!

But there's a sweeter strain than this,

That links our souls with saints above; And almost makes us taste their blissThe freeness of redeeming love,

Shall our cold hearts not burn to prove,
What highest seraphs long to know
The riches of that dying love

Which brought the Lord of life below?

When once these living streams we taste,

Like Sinai's fount, they never cease; But follow us through all the wasteIn life our joy-in death our peace!

And then the song on earth begun,
Eternity itself shall fiil;

And all that conquering love has done

Be ever new and endless still,

Monday, 11th.-Yesterday, at about eleven, a messenger arrived from the king, who desired to see me. On my arrival I found him seated, as usual, near the fence of the Issigōrdlo, accompanied only by the two Indoonas. As soon as I was seated, he desired me to repeat in their presence all that I had stated to him on Saturday in refer ence to the teaching; which I did nearly in the same words, adding a brief sketch of the object and character of true religion. I assured him that it was not my intention to interfere with thei

laws or their customs-that I had, from experience, learnt that the way to true happiness was only to be found in God's Book. It was by those words that kings were taught how to rule aright --that subjects learnt obedience to their chiefs and Indoonas-that we were told how to behave towards each other; to do to others as we would they should do to us; but especially we were taught by them the way to heaven-how to escape that place of torment, where sinners would go after death, and to reach that place of happiness which was promised to all those who loved God here. (The name of Christ was not mentioned, as I thought it might perplex, not having then time to enter into the necessary explanation.) 1 then observed, that many other nations had long had these words, and had been made great and happy by them, and that it grieved me much to think that they had not yet been made known to them. During the latter part of this conversation, Dingarn appeared deep in thought, looking earnestly at me, and occasionally, as though abstracted, picking blades of grass from under his chair; and at the conclusion, he turned to the Indoonas, and said, "Now, you must decide." Tambooza immediately replied, "Yes! now we know that God's news is good news. The reason we did not let you remain before was, because we did not know you-we wished you to go back and bring such a word as you have now done-that news has made our hearts glad (alluding to the terms of the treaty; but this was a mere subterfuge) now we wish you to stay; and where you are to teach is in the Clomanthleen-that is the placeyou may teach in all the towns there." Dingarn having confirmed what had been said, Umthella also assenting, I thanked him and the Indoonas for the "fast word" which had now been given, saying, that this day they had made my heart glad. Tambooza, who appeared to be the spokesman, inquired if I had any other request to make. I told him that the king had prevented me from asking any thing further; that he had already liberally provided for all my wants; and that now he had granted the only request it was in my heart to make, and left me nothing more to desire. Dingarn then said, that he wished Mankanjana (Gomani's son) sent up to him*, and that he promised no punishment should be inflicted upon him. Fearing that he was beginning to vacillate in the terms of the treaty, I reminded him that his name had not been mentioned on the day when that agreement was made; but as I was aware that he had previously demanded him, on his promise not to punish him, he should be sent, at the same time he must not blame me should he not make his appearance, as it was possible, though I did not think it probable, that he had already left Port Natal.

He expressed himself as perfectly satisfied, observing, that when he found he had been sent back, he should then know that the white people at Port Natal intended to observe the treaty. He then requested me to write the substance of the present arrangement for the information of a trader, now in his country, and to whom he sent the letter by a messenger. The following message to the Great Chief, at Graham's Town (meaning his Ex

He had recently deserted to Port Natal

cellency Sir Benjamin D'Urban,) was then given me by Dingarn: "Mr. Fynn sent me the news about the Amakosa. I am grieved to think they should act so against the white people-those people whom I love. I have long let the Amakosa alone. It is a pity the white people trouble themselves with them-they should leave them to me. I hope they will not destroy them all: if they do, there will be only a desert left. Let these words be told to all the white people. Let the Great Chief at Graham's Town know them, and let them be sent to King William.*"

I told him that the English were a merciful people-that it was this which had been the chief cause of the war. The Amakosa had mistaken kindness for weakness, but that now they would feel our power. He again said he was very sorry, and hoped we should not drive them all away. On promising that his message should be faithfully delivered, I took my leave.

For the purpose of enlarging the town, and giv ing a greater space for cattle in the centre, the huts are all about to be removed from the neighborhood of the inner to that of the outer fence. This operation is now going on with great vigor : and, in order to save time and trouble, many huts are carried on men's shoulders entire, and set up again in the situation required.

The hyenas, attracted by the meat which garnished the sides of the wagon, were howling all night, which kept the dogs in such a constant cry, that I could obtain but little sleep.

Yesterday Nongalaza, chief Indoona of the principal military town in the Clomanthleen district, was formally introduced to me by order of the king; and as I had then promised him, as well as the other two Clomanthleen chiefs, a present, he this morning made his appearance, accompanied by Zulu and Cokella. My supply, however, would only admit of my giving a piece of handkerchief stuff to Nongalaza, with which he was much pleased, promising each a cloth ingoobo when I came to take up my residence among them.

Being delayed by a thunder storm, it was not until noon that I went up to take my leave of Dingarn; he was standing on the inside of his fence, upon a mound of earth, several of which are placed like horse-blocks within, for the purpose of raising him sufficiently above the fence, whenever he wishes to be seen or observe what is doing without. He immediately commenced a conversation respecting the deserters from the Injandūna, a military town in the Clomanthleen, many of whom were at present at Port Natal, saying with great emphasis "they must be sent back." The working of his mind was evident-he had on reflection regretted that these people had not been excepted from the benefit of the treaty and probably imagined that, as I had conceded the point with respect to Mankanjana, this might be as easily gained. At once I resolved to make a firm stand for these people, well knowing that otherwise there would be no limit to his demands, and in fact the treaty itself would become nugatory. He complained that, in consequence of their leaving him, that part of the country had become a desert;

* His principal alarm was lest the English forces should approach too near to his own territory.

37

that he had often requested the white people to At this season, the harvest being all gathered in, send them back, but they never had attended to attention is generally paid to the repairing of huts, his words. I told him that, had he mentioned the and the improvement of their towns. This, I was circumstance at the time when the treaty was glad to find, is another exception to the odious talked over, they should have been sent; but that, system of proscribing infants, which, much to the as his word had now been given, and I had already credit of Dingarn, appears to have been greatly sent it in a letter, my respect for the king made relaxed since the commencement of his reign. me wish that the word might not be altered; that During the rule of his predecessor Charka, Noshould the Injandunas be sent for, the other people bamba alone was excepted; at present four or would be alarmed with an apprehension of being five other places have obtained this privilege, viz. themselves recalled, and would never be induced Congella, Imbelli-belli, Issiclebăni, and Intoutella, to assist us in securing deserters from him: and with probably some others, which Issitontana, my without their aid, it was quite impossible that we informant, could not recollect. Received a visit, could execute the king's wishes. He replied, that from Marwa, Dingarn's aunt, who resides here since I had asked for them they might remain, and and who afterwards sent to thank me for having should never be sent for on account of desertion. declined the offered beast. As other cattle had I then stated that he must not imagine that I had been ordered for slaughtering in the Clomanthleen any wish to keep them; my reason for pleading district, which we expected to reach in the course for them was, that the king's word might not be of to-morrow, and it would appear too much like altered: he had said nothing respecting them on payment for stitching together her cloak, I contentthe day when the treaty was concluded, and I ed myself with a message of thanks, saying that hoped he would not now alter that. It was true, we had enough. Among the herds of this place he replied, he had said nothing about them then, were several cattle which had been taken in war and therefore he would not ask for them now. both from Faku and Umzelekar. The latter were The subject, much to my relief, was then dropped, captured by an expedition sent out about this and he inquired respecting the probable time of my period last year; the enemy were, as usual, taken return-what size the moon would then be, whether by surprise, and in consequence fell back, leaving it would be full or on the wane-"just about to their cattle, in order to concentrate themselves break" as he described it. Orders, he said, had for their recovery. The Zoolus did not await their been given for slaughtering cattle, to be provided advance, but retreated with their booty. From at two places on the road, which he named. I the occasional notices of these border conflicts, told him that I accepted them as a mark of his which I have been enabled to collect, it would apbounty but that I did not deserve such large pre-pear that, notwithstanding the boasting of the sents, and again thanking him for the good words Zoolus, they are not likely to make much impreshe had spoken, took my leave. His last words sion when fairly opposed to the troops of Umzelewere "Amba coûthley" (I wish you a pleasant kaz. journey). There is a natural politeness among the Just as we were setting out, Dingarn sent a ceremonial compliments of a Spaniard; for inhigher orders of these people, surpassing even the messenger to say that when the next presents stance, on making Marwa a present of some beads, came he should like to have a pair of boots like I gave her to understand that they were not given mine. Nothwithstanding we started so late, we in return for the provisions with which she had were enabled to reach Ensuzana this evening. Tuesday, 12th.-Set out at half-past eight-sirous to make her a present. She immediately supplied me, but, being the king's aunt, I was devery extensive views of the sea and surrounding mountains from the heights above the village. Soon after twelve reached Intontella, Indoona's name, Mangani. We had scarcely reached this place, when a messenger overtook us from the king, with a basket upon his head, containing the printed-callico cloakwhich had just been made for him, and a piece of blue dungaree, which had actually been procured from the Tugala while I was at Congella in order to line it. The servant said that he had received orders to follow us with all speed, as he wished my people to line the cloak before we proceeded further; he was also directed to order a beast to be slaughtered for us at this place. Notwithstanding the detention, I was not a little pleased to find that my present had been so acceptable, and resolved, when I had an opportunity, to procure a further supply of these fashion- finished, and a messenger despatched to Port Wednesday, 13th.-The cloak having been able prints. The regiment stationed here is said Natal with the treat, we set out at two o'clock. to be one thousand strong, and, from the size of Observed another military town, called Toutana, the town, I should not think the amount has been situated on a hill on the right. overstated. The people here, as at Congella, of Marwa's places, but smaller than Intoutella. were occupied in building new houses further out, Passed Muckachani at three, and at a quarter to This also is one in order to enlarge the circumference of their town, four crossed the Amatakoola, and entered the disfor the admission of more cattle, which are said to trict of Clomanthleen. have greatly increased in all parts of the country.rived at five, we remained for the night. Here At Nēki, where we ar

replied, "Yes, I know that the cattle, and all the food that is here, is yours." It is true, Dingarn had given orders I should have supplies by the way; but this by no means detracts from her politeness.

The young men who had not been out to war, asThis was a most splendid moonlight evening. sembled near the gate, and sang and danced till it was late-they are all passionately fond of these exercises. The lips of many of the bystanders, among whom were several old warriors, were observed to move as they instinctively followed the words of the song, and occasionally forgetting their dignity-for they never mingle with the lads

they would go through the accompaniments with their arms and feet.

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