offering presented, and the spirit approached to; there is not the slighest contention." Therefore the superior man does not use rewards, and the people are stimulated to virtue. He does not show anger, and the people are awed more than by hatchets and battle

axes.

5. It is said in the Book of Poetry, "What needs no display is virtue. All the princes imitate it." Therefore, the superior man being sincere and reverential, the whole world is conducted to a state of happy tranquillity.

6. It is said in the Book of Poetry, "I regard with pleasure your brilliant virtue, making no great display of itself in sounds and appearances." The Master said, "Among the appliances to transform the people, sounds and appearances are but trivial influences. It is said in another ode, His virtue is light as a hair.' Still, a hair will admit of comparison as to its size. The doings of the supreme Heaven have neither sound nor smell.'That is perfect virtue."

The above is the thirty-third chapter. Tsze-sze having carried his descriptions to the extremest point in the preceding chapters, turns back in this, and examines the source of his subject; and then again from the work of the learner, free from all selfishness, and watchful over himself when he is alone, he carries out his description, till by easy steps he brings it to the consummation of the whole empire tranquillized by simple and sincere reverentialness. He farther eulogizes its mysteriousness, till he speaks of it at last as without sound or smell. He here takes up the sum of his whole Work, and speaks of it in a compendious manner. Most deep and earnest was he in thus going again over his ground, admonishing and instructing men:-shall the learner not do his utmost in the study of the Work?

INDEXES.

INDEX I.

SUBJECTS IN THE CONFUCIAN ANALECTS.

The figures before the (:) refer to the Book-after it to the Chapter.

Achievement of government, the great,
13:9.

Antiquity, Conf. fondness for, 7: 19.-
decay of the monuments of, 3: 9.
Anxiety of parents, 2: 6.-of Conf.
about the training of his disciples, 5:2.
Appearances, fair, are suspicious, 1: 3,
& 17: 17.

Appellations for the wife of a prince,
16:14.

Appreciation, what conduct will insure,
15:5.

Approaches of the unlikely, readily
met by Conf. 7: 28.
Approbation, Conf., of NanYung,11:5.

Acknowledgment of Conf. in estima-
ting himself, 7: 32.
Acting heedlessly, against, 7: 27.
Actions should always be right, 14; 4.-
of Conf. were lessons and laws, 17: Aptitude of the Keun-tsze, 2: 12.
Archery, contention in, 3:7.—a disci-
19.
Adaptation for government of Yen pline of virtue, 3: 16.
Yung, &c., 6: 1.-of Tsze-loo, &c., Ardent and cautious disciples, Conf.
obliged to be content with, 13: 21.
6:6.

Admiration. Yen Yuen's of Conf. doc- Ardour of Tsze-loo, 5: 6.
Art of governing, 12: 14.
trines, 9: 16.
Admonition of Conf. to Tsze-loo, 11: Assent without reformation, a hopeless
14.
Advanced years, improvement difficult Attachment to Conf. of Yen Yuen, 11:
in, 17:26.

case, 9:23.

23.

Attainment, different stages of, 6; 18.
Attainments of Hwuy, like those of

Adversity, men are known in times of,
9:27.
Advice against useless expenditure, 11: Conf., 7: 10.

13.

Age, the vice to be guarded against in,

16: 7.

Aim, the chief, 1: 16.

Aims, of Tsze-loo, Tsang-sih, &c., 11:
25.

An all-pervading unity, the knowledge
of, Conf. aim, 15: 2.
Anarchy of Conf. time, 3: 5.
Ancient rites, how Conf. cleaved to, 3:
17.

Ancients, their slowness to speak, 4:

Attributes of the true scholar, 19: 1.
Auspicious omens, Conf. gives up hope
for want of, 9: 8.

Avenge murder, how Conf., wished to,
14:22.

Bad name, the danger of a, 19: 20.
Barbarians, how to civilize, 9: 13.
Becloudings of the mind, 17: 8.
Bed, manner of Conf. in, 10: 16.
Benefits derived from studying the
Odes, 17: 9.

Benevolence, to be exercised with pru-
dence, 6: 24.-and wisdom, 12: 22.

(147)

Blind, consideration of Conf. for the, Concealment, not practised by Conf. 15:41. with his disciples, 7:23.

Boldness, excessive of Tsze-loo. 7: 10. Concubines, difficult to treat, 17: 25. Burial, Confucius dissatisfaction with Condemnation of Tsang Woo-chung, Hwuy's, 11:10. 14: 15.-of Conf. for seeking employment, 14: 41.

Business, every man should mind his
own, 8: 14., & 14: 27.
Calmness of Conf. in danger, 7: 22.
Capacity of Mang Kung-ch'o, 14: 12.
Capacities of the superior and inferior
man, 15: 33.

Careful, about what things Conf. was,
7: 12.

Condition, only virtue adapts a man to his, 4: 2.

Conduct that will be everywhere appreciated, 15: 5.

Confidence, enjoying, necessary to serving and to ruling, 19: 10. Connate, Conf. knowledge not, 7: 19. Consideration, of Conf. for the blind, 15: 41.-a generous, of others, recommended, 18; 10.

Carriage, Conf. at and in his, 10: 17.Conf. refuses to sell his, to assist a needless expenditure, 11: 7. Caution, advantages of, 4: 23.-repent- Consolation to Tsze-new, when anxious ance avoided by, 1: 13.-in speaking,'__ about his brother, 12: 5. 12: 3, and 15: 7. Constancy of mind, importance of, 13; Ceremonies and music, 11: 1.-end of, 22.

1: 12.-impropriety in, 3: 10.-influ- Constant Mean, the, 6: 27.

ence of in government, 4: 13.-regu- Contemporaries of Conf. described, 16: lated according to their object, 3: 4. 11.

3:7.

Contentment in poverty of Tsze-loo,9; 26.-of Conf. with his condition, 9: 11.-of the officer King, 13: 8. Contrast of Hwuy and Tsze, 11: 18. Conversation, with Chung-kung, 12: 2.

-secondary and ornamental, 3: 8.- Contention, the superior man avoids, vain without virtue, 3: 3. Character, (s), admirable, of Tsze-yu, &c., 15: 6.-differences in, owing to habit, 17:2.—different, of two dukes, 14: 16.-disliked by Conf., and Tszekung, 17: 24.-how Conf. dealt with different, 11: 21.-how to determine, with Tsze-chang, 12: 6, 7; 20: 2.— 2: 10.-lofty, of Shun and Yu, 8: 18. with Tsze-kung, 14: 18.-with Tsze-of four disciples, 11: 17.-of Kung- loo, 14: 13, 17.-with Tsze-new, 12: Shuh Wan, 14: 14.-of Tan-t'ae 3.-with Yen Yuen, 12: 1. Meen-ming, 6: 12.-various elements Countenance, the, in filial piety, 1: 8. of, in Cont., 7: 37.-what may be Courage, not doing right from want of, learnt from, 4: 17.

2:24.

Characteristics, of perfect virtue, 13: Criminal judge, should cherish com

19.- of ten disciples, 11: 2.
Claimed, what Conf., 7: 33.
Classes of men, in relation to knowl-
edge, four, 16: 9.-only two whom
practice cannot change, 17: 3.
Climbing the heavens, equalling Conf.
like, 19: 25.

Common practices, some indifferent
and others not, 9: 3.
Communications to be proportioned to
susceptibility, 6: 19.
Comparison of Sze and Shang, 11: 15.
Comparisons, against making, 14: 31.
Compass and vigour of mind necessary
to a scholar, 8: 7.
Compassion, how

a criminal-judge
should cherish, 18: 19.
Complete man, of the, 14: 13.-virtue,
1: 14, and 6: 16.

passion, 19: 19.

Culpability of not reforming known
faults, 15: 29.

Danger, Conf. assured in time of, 9: 5.
Dead, offices to the, 1:9.
Death, Conf. evades a question about,

11: 11.-how Conf. felt Hwuy's, 11:
8, 9.-without regret, 4: 8.
Declined, what Conf., to be reckoned,
7:33,

Defects of former times become mod-
ern vices, 17: 16.

Defence, of himself by Conf., 14: 36.-
of his own method of teaching, by
Tsze-hea, 19: 12.-of Tsze-loo, by
Conf., 11: 14.

Degeneracy, of Conf. age, 6: 14.-in-
stance of, 15: 25.

Delusions, how to discover, 12:10, 21.

Demeanor of Conf., 10: 1 to 5, 13. Departure of Conf., from Loo, 18: 4.from Ts'e 18: 3.

Depreciation, Conf. above the reach of,
19: 24.

Description of himself as a learner, by
Conf., 7: 18.

Example, better than force, 2: 20government efficient by, &c., 12: 17, 18, 19.-the secret of rulers' success, 13: 1.-value of, in those in high stations, 8:2.

Excess and defect equally wrong, 11:

15.

Desire and ability, required in disciples, Expenditure, against useless, 11: 13.

7:8.

Development of knowledge, 2:11.
Differences of character, owing to hab-
it, 17: 2.

Dignity, necessary in a ruler, 15: 32.
Disciples, anxiety about training, 5: 21,
Discrimination of Conf. in rewarding
officers, 6: 3.-without suspicious-
ness, the merit of, 14: 33.
Dispersion of the musicians of Loo, 18:

11.

Distinction, notoriety not, 12: 20.
Distress, the superior man above, 15: 1.
Divine mission, Conf. assurances of a,
7:22; 9: 5.

Doctrine of Conf. admiration of, 9: 10.
Dreams of Conf. affected by disappoint-
ments, 7:5.

Dress, rules of Conf., in regard to his, 10: 6.

Dying counsels to a man in high station, 8: 4.

External, the, may be predicated from the internal, 14: 5.

Extravagant speech, hard to be made good, 14: 21.

Fair appearances are suspicious, 1:3, & 17: 17.

Fasting, rules observed by Conf. when, 10: 7.

Father's vices, no discredit to a virtuous son, 6: 4.

Faults of men, characteristic of their class, 4: 7.

Feelings, need not always be spoken, 14: 4.

Fidelity of his disciples, Conf. memory of, 11: 2,

Filial piety, 1: 11; 4: 19, 20, 21.-argument for, 2: 6.-cheerfulness in, 2: 8. -the foundation of virtuous practice, 1: 2. of Meen Tsze-keen, 11: 4.-of Mang Chwang, 19: 18.-reverence in, 2: 7.-seen in care of the person, 8: 3.

Dynasties, Yin, Hea, and Chow, 8:4; 3:20.-Yin and Hea, 3:9.-Chow, Firmness of superior man, based on &c., 3: 14.-certain rules exemplifted

right, 15: 36.

20: 2.-things which constitute perfect virtue. 17: 6.

in the ancient,-eight able officers of Five excellent things to be honoured, the Chow, 18: 11.-three worthies of the Yin, 18: 1.—the three, 15: 24. Earnest student, Hwuy the, 9: 19. Earnestness in teaching, of Conf., 9: 7. Egotism, instance of freedom from, 8:

5.

Flattery of sacrificing to others' ancestors, 2: 24.

Food, rules of Conf. about his, 10: 8. Foreknowledge, how far possible, 2: 23, Eight able officers of the Chow dynas- Forethought, necessity of, 15: 11. ty, 18:11.

Formalism, against, 3: 4,

1.

Emolument, learning for, 2: 18.-Former times, Conf. preference for, 11: shameful to care only for, 14: 1. End the, crowns the work, 9: 21. Enjoyment, advantageous and injurious sources of, 16: 5.

Equalled, Conf. cannot be, 19: 25.
Error, how acknowledged by Conf., 7:
30.

Forward youth, Conf. employment of a, 14: 47.

Foundation of virtue, 1: 2.

Four bad things, to be put away, 20: 2. -classes of men in relation to knowledge, 16: 9.

Essential, what is, in different services, Frailties from which Conf. was free, 9: 3:26.

4.

Estimate, Conf. humble of himself, 7: Fraternal submission, 1: 2.

2,3; 9: 15; 14: 30.-of what he could Friends, rule for choosing, 1: 8, & 9:24, do if employed, 13: 10. -trait of Conf. in relation to, 10: 15. Estimation of others, not a man's con- Friendships, what, advantageous and cern, 14: 32. injurious, 16: 4.

น

Friendship, how to maintain, 5: 16.-House and wall, the comparison of a, Tsze-chang's virtue too high for, 19:

16.

Frivolous talkers, against, 15: 16.
Funeral rites, Conf. dissatisfaction with
Hwuy's, 11: 10.-to parents, 1:9.
Furnace the, and the S. W. Corner, of
a house, 3: 13.

19:23.

Humble claim of Conf. for himself, 5:
27.-estimate of himself, 7:2, 3; 9:
15; 14: 30.

Humility of Conf., 7: 26.
Hundred years, what good government
could effect in a, 13: 11.

Gain, the mean man's concern, 4: 16. Idleness of Tsae Yu, 5:9.-case of, Generosity of Pih-e and Shuh-ts'e, 5: 22.

Glib-tongued, Conf, not. 14: 34. Glibness of tongue and beauty, teemed by the age, 6: 14.

hopeless, 17: 22.

Ignorant man's remark about Conf., 9:

2.

es- Impatience, danger of, 15: 26.

Imperial rites, usurpation of, 3: 1, 2, 6.

Glossing faults, a proof of the mean Improvement, self, 2: 18.-difficult in

man, 19: 8.

Gluttony and idleness, case of, hopeless,
17: 22.

God, address to, 20: 1.
Golden rule, expressed with negatives,
5:11; 15: 23.

Good fellowship of Conf., 7: 31.
Good, learning leads to, 8: 12.
Good man, the, 11: 19.-we must not
judge a man to be, from his discourse,
11: 20.

advanced years, 17: 26.

Incompetency, our own, a fit cause of concern, 15:18.

Indifference of the officer King to riches, 13:8.

Indignation of Conf. at the usurpation of imperial rites, 3: 1, 2.-at the support of usurpation and extortion by a disciple, 11: 16.-at the wrong overcoming the right, 17: 18.

Inferior pursuits, inapplicable to great objects, 19: 4.

Instruction, how a man may find, 7: 21. Instructions to a son about government, 18: 10.

Governing, the art of, 12: 14.-without personal effort, 15: 4. Government, good, seen from its effects, 13: 16.-good, how only obtained, 12: 11.-may be conducted efficiently, Insubordination, worse than meanness, how, 20: 2.-moral in its end, 12: 17. 7: 35.-different causes of, 8: 10. principles of,1: 5.-requisites of,12:7. Intelligence, what constitutes, 12: 6. Gradual progress of Conf., 2: 4.-com- Intercourse, character formed by, 5: 2. munication of his doctrine, 5: 12. -of Conf. with others, traits of, 10: Grief, Conf. vindicates his for Hwuy, 11.-with others, different opinions 11:9. on, 19: 3.

Internal, the, not predicable from the
external, 14: 5.
Ironical, admonition, 13: 14.

Guiding principle of Conf., 18: 8. Happiness of Conf. among his disciples, 11: 12.-of Hwuy in poverty, 6:9. Haste, not to be desired in government, Jealousy of others' talents, against, 15: 13:17.

10, 3.

Heaven, Conf. rested in the ordering of, Joy of Conf. independent of outward 14:38.- knew him, Conf. thought circumstances, 7: 15.

that, 14: 37. – -no remedy for sin Judgment of Conf. concerning Tszeagainst, 3:13.

Hesitating faith, Tsze-chang on, 19: 2.
High aim proper to a student, 6: 10.-
things, too much minding of, 19: 15.
Home, Conf. at, 10: 16.-how Conf.
could be not at, 17: 20.

Hope, Conf. gives up, for want of aus-
picious omens, 9: 8.
Hopeles case, of gluttony and idleness,
17: 22.-of those who assent to ad-
vice without reforming, 9: 23.—of
those who will not think, 15: 15.

ch'an, &c., 14: 10.—of retired worthy,
on Conf. 14: 42.

Keun-tsze, See Superior man.
Killing, not to be talked of by rulers,

12:19.

Knowing and not knowing, 2: 17. Knowledge, disclaimed by Conf., 9: 7. -four classes of inen in relation to, 16:9.-not lasting without virtue, 15: 32. of Conf. not connate, 8: 19.sources of Conf., 19: 22.-subserves benevolence, 2: 22.