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have been rewarded with signal success. Whilst he fails to show himself in possession of the real key to the last book of the New Testament, here and there we note thin flashes of true light amidst intervening breadths of quasi-expository darkness.

Preparing for Home: A Series of Expository Discourses on the Fifth Chapter of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians. By Jonathan Watson. London: Elliot Stock, 62, Paternoster Row.

Two editions of this work having been sold, a third is now issued with the earnest prayers of the author for a still larger blessing from on high to accompany its circulation at home and abroad.'

How many persons,' he remarks in his preface, there are needs not be told, who are eager to cherish the hope of heaven after death, who little consider the nature of the preparation demanded for admission there, or whether they themselves are "made meet for the inheritance of the saints in light." Το

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this large class of individuals it is hoped that Preparing for Home' may be found a not unimportant aid to their inquiries on this the most interesting of all subjects. The table of contents includes the following subjects: - The Dissolution; The Exit; Preparation for Home and Earnests of it; Preferring to Go Home rather than Remain; Ambitious of Christ's Approbation either Way; the Judgment Seat of Christ; The Terror of the Lord; The Transcendent Importance of the Gospel; The Burden of the Gospel; Personal Interest Essential to Happiness and Safety; Redemption, its Origin, Working Out, and Application, is of God; The Expostulation.

On the Practice of Employing Certain Substitutes for the Genuine Ingredients in some Articles of Daily Food: Considered as it affects the Health of the Community. A paper read before the Brighton Literary and Scientific Institution. Contributed by a Lady. With a Short Account of the Proceedings. London: H. K. Lewis, 15, Gower-street North.

A PROTEST against the use of baking powder as a substitute for eggs, butter, or yeast. The writer says:

'If economy could be shown to result from the employment of the baking

powder, it would of course be one argument in its favour, but upon that point its advocates are mistaken, for that which is cheap to the pocket often proves dear as regards the health, and thus, ultimately, there is no economy at all. This is especially true with respect to the use of the baking powder by the poor; the fact is, that for them, it has no value whatever. It has been seen that the constituents of the powder are destitute of all nutritive properties, and the idea is perfectly delusive that eggs and butter can be adequately represented in food by a compound which does not contain a single element necessary for

nutrition.

And when I come to speak of the economical aspect of the powder in the households of the rich, I approach once more a delicate subject, because it is necessary to touch ground upon which I may be told that I am encroaching; I will, therefore, only say that, from the results of my own experience and observation, I have not found that the use of the baking powder at all diminishes the consumption of those articles for which it is ostensibly a substitute-at least, amongst the items charged, butter and eggs figure very largely. But ladies are not supposed to examine tradesmen's books and bills, much less to make calculations and draw conclusions concerning them!

Bad as the prevalence of the system which we have been considering may be with reference to bread, a still greater wrong is done when these powders are introduced into our kitchens and made to do duty-as I have shown-in the place of butter and eggs in our daily food. The employment of cheap and inferior substitutes for the genuine article should be discountenanced on hygiènic as well as on other social grounds; it is fraught with much evil in cookery, still more than in trade. It stands as a temptation in the way of domestic servants; generally speaking, we are little suspicious of the existence of such a temptation in our households, and, perhaps, less inclined to deal with it when our eyes are opened to the fact. But I trust I shall succeed in awakening a spirit of inquiry on the subject, and also in arousing a determination on the part of heads of households to acquire all the knowledge of domestic chemistry necessary and the knowledge is very simple-for the detection of these practices.'

The Bible and Working People. By Alexander Wallace, D.D., Glasgow. Seventh thousand. Pp. 304. Edinburgh: William Oliphant and Co. A SERIES of fifteen lectures on the Bible, delivered originally in Bradford, and first published in 1852. The titles of the lectures run thus:-False Impressions; The World in Darkness; The Day Spring from on High; Old Testament, Origin and Completion; New Testament, Antiquity and Genuineness; The Divine Oracle its Own Witness; Miscellaneous Characteristics; The Bible and the Love of Nature; Design and Destiny of the Bible; Divine Adaptation; The Bible Adapted to all Men; Social Influence of the Bible; The Bible and Social Economics; Objections; Conclusion. The object of the course was to cultivate a better understanding between the friends of Christianity and the working classes, and to remove from the minds of the latter objections, where these exist, to the rightful claims of the Bible. The lectures seem to have already done good service in these directions, and will no doubt continue to do so, for Mr. Wallace wields an able pen, and deals with his subject, according to his light, in a candid, earnest, and impressive manner.

The Scattered Nation. Edited by C. Schwartz, D.D. London: Elliot Stock, 62, Paternoster Row. THE editor says:-'Let me briefly state what our God has done for us. In October, 1864, I arrived in London, a foreigner and stranger, but animated by an earnest desire to do for my Jewish brethren, converted and unconverted, all that God would enable me to do. I had been a Jewish missionary for the last twenty-two years, in Germany, Turkey, and Holland; but I knew perfectly well that no place was so suitable for this work as London, the metropolis of the world. Daily intercourse with Jews, and prayerful consideration of their wants, convinced me that three things were highly desirable for the promotion of Christ's kingdom amongst Israel:

1. A home for young and educated Jews who had learned no trade, but were either engaged in business or in studies, and who had lost everything in consequence of their confession of Christ.

2. A periodical wherein the cause of Israel could be pleaded, and the Israelitish view and exposition of Scrip

tures be given, along with answers to the continual attacks on the truths of the Gospel by Jewish writers, more especially by the Jewish Chronicle.

3. A union amongst Hebrew Christians, which was to be a witness to Jews and Christians, and a centre for all Hebrews who had been cast out by their own nation, and yet were not ashamed of the hope of Israel.

The Hebrew - Christian Alliance, blessed be God, is a fact, and though as yet a tender plant, it grows and begins to yield fruit to God's honour.

The magazine exists, and by God's goodness has found favour in the eyes of many of His children. It is no smal 1 undertaking to start a monthly in London; and even my best friends shook their heads when I laid before them my intention. They thought it very desirable, but Well, the Lord has helped us; our periodical exists, and if our present friends continue faithful, as I fully believe they will, and bestir themselves to gain new subscribers, the "Scattered Nation" will not only be regularly continued, but will occupy its place amongst those publications which give no uncertain sound, and testify of the truth against every kind of error by unfurling the banner of the King of Israel and the Head of the Church.

"The home began like a mustard seed, and has grown wonderfully within a short time.'

6

Essays and Discourses on Popular and Standard Themes. By T. W. Tozer, minister of the First Congregational Church, Dudley. Pp. 374. London: Elliot Stock, 62, Paternoster Row. A DOZEN plain, practical discourses on popular excuses for the neglect of religion and religious ordinances; on buts;' on religious and social dissensions, their cause and cure; on young men from home, their dangers and duties; on mutual confidence the want of our churches; on domestic life, its duties, pains, and pleasures; on Christian assurance; on the sad soul's Comforter; on the human conscience; on the new birth; on repentance; and on man's assimilation to the Divine image. The writer belongs to the Evangelical' school of theology, of which his writings bear all the tokens. His tone is earnest, but calm, and governed by good sense. In the first two essays he deals with the

obstacles to the working man's attendance on public worship.

Hints for Whom They May Concern. No. 2. Capital Punishment. Dedicated to the Church. London:

F. Bowyer Kitto, 5, Bishopsgate
Without.

WE opened this pamphlet in the hope of finding in it some useful advocacy of the abolition of capital punishment. The author's real object, however, proves to be to expound and illustrate his peculiar theology. He shows much ability in clothing in very telling language such crude notions as he has yet attained to of the matters of which he treats; but a mind that can see no legitimate object in punishment beyond the reformation of the offender, a judgment that can admit no proper and useful deterrent operation in punitive administration, is really not capable of dealing with this great question.

The Man of Sorrows, and His Relationships. A Contribution to Religious Thought. Pp. 137. London: Elliot Stock, 62, Paternoster Row.

We find nothing original in this contribution, and much with which we heartily disagree. When a contributor to religious thought persuades himself to write about the Divine Beings,' we throw down his book in despair.

The Gospel Magazine and Protestant Beacon. Edited by the Rev. D. A. Doudney, D.D., incumbent of St. Luke's, Bedminster, Bristol. London: W. H. Collingridge, 117 to 119 Aldersgate-street.

THE number for June advocated the Sunday closing of public-houses, and contained a letter indignantly denouncing the disgraceful tumult got up by the opponents of a Guildhall meeting at Bristol.

Onward. The Organ of the Lancashire and Cheshire Band of Hope Union. London: Wm. Tweedie, 337, Strand. Manchester: Lancashire and Cheshire Band of Hope Union, Barlow's Court, 43, Market-street.

HAS recently been improved, and is a cheap and valuable publication.

An Address to a Pastor. Delivered at his Ordination. By R. Ingham. London: Elliot Stock, Paternoster Row.

The Christian as a Citizen, the Part He should Take, and the Principles which should guide Him in relation to Politics and Social Life. By the Rev. W. H. Bonner, of London, one of the vicepresidents of the National Reform League. London: Elliot Stock, 62, Paternoster Row.

A Few Friendly Words to Young Mothers. By One of the Maternity. With some Remarks upon Monthly Nurses, and Nurses in General. London: Wertheim and Macintosh, 24, Paternoster Row.

Old Jonathan; or, The District and Parish Helper. Published Monthly. Illustrated. London: W. H. Collingridge, 117 to 119, Aldersgatestreet.

The Baptist Magazine. Monthly. London: Elliot Stock, 62, Paternoster Row.

The Church. Monthly. London: Elliot
Stock, 62, Paternoster Row.

The Appeal. A Magazine for the
People. Monthly. London: Elliot
Stock, 62, Paternoster Row.

1

Meliora,

OUR PERIODICAL PRESS.

1. Areopagitica, a Speech on the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing, to the Parliament of England. By John Milton. London. November, 1644.

2. Mitchell's Newspaper Directory for 1867.

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3. The Edinburgh Review' and the Quarterly Review.' October, 1864.

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4. The Athenæum,' the 'Saturday Review,' Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper, Punch,' The Tomahawk.' November 30th, 1867.

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5. Blackwood's Magazine,' the Contemporary Review,' 'St. Paul's.' December, 1867.

6. The Times,' the Daily Telegraph,' the 'Globe.' December 2nd, 1867.

7. The London Post Office Directory for 1868.'

WHEN

WHEN reflecting upon the history of printing by moveable types-an art apparently so simple and of almost unrivalled value-two things are apt to strike us with surprise; first, that the invention should have been so long delayed; and second, that, when made, it should have been so slowly and imperfectly applied. Our astonishment upon the latter point, however, diminishes when we consider the circumstances of the age in which the fathers of typography lived and laboured. Copyists and scriveners naturally opposed an innovating art which threatened their existence; and there is but one answer to the inquiry-how should a popular literature Vol. 10.-No. 40.

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have flourished generations before any vestige of a popular demand? On the one side was a small widely-separated band of scholars anxious to possess themselves of the treasures of classical genius then for the first time placed within their reach; and on the other side was a heterogeneous multitude of the illiterate, nobles and princes included, able neither to write nor read, and seeing little occasion for troubling themselves to learn to do either. Intercommunication, too, was difficult between kingdoms, provinces, and even adjacent towns; and the populace were everywhere satisfied to gain their knowledge of current events, and to drink of the streams of instruction, through the itinerant agency of the pilgrim, the pack-merchant, the soldier, and the preaching friar. The masses were taught through the ear, not the eye, except when they gazed upon the symbolic service of the Church, or when, with perhaps greater admiration, they watched the rude miracle-plays performed for their spiritual good. With the Reformation, the printing press came into more vigorous and polemic play; its importance as an engine of agitation and propagandism could not be overlooked; and this, also, was the period when editions of many a magnum opus were struck off with a mechanical skill and exquisite finish hardly surpassable at the present day. Soon, however, the censorship was set up to curb the so-called wildness and licentiousness of the press, and this alone would have proved a great impediment to the spread of a periodical literature, had all other social influences been favourable to its growth. Such a literature first sprung up, as might have been anticipated, to gratify the universal thirst for news; and though we must regard as forgeries the British Museum copies of an English Mercurie,' claiming to have been issued by authoritie,' to inform Queen Elizabeth's lieges concerning the Spanish Armada and its fate; it is, nevertheless, the fact that 'Newsletters,' 'Mercuries,' &c., swarmed in the early Stuart times, and had the merit, if it be one, of narrating contemporary events in a style of political partisanship best adapted to please the friends of the inditers. The first weekly periodical was brought out (1622) by Nathaniel Butler, under the title of the Newes of the Present Week; but we have to pass on to the Restoration of Charles II. before we meet with a weekly sheet, Kingdom's Intelligencer (1662), which inserted advertisements and supplied notes of business in Parliament and the courts of law. L'Estrange followed with his paper, the Intelligencer, in 1663, which committed the happy dispatch' in favour of the Oxford Gazette (re-named the London Gazette after the removal of the Court to London). This

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