ABBOT, archbishop of Canterbury, character and
conduct of, ii. 263.

Abelard, Peter, author of the Scholastic System, i. 322;||
he is condemned as a heretic, i. 324; attacks heresies
in general, ib.

Abgarus, story of, i. 26.

Absalom, archbishop of Lunden, in Sweden, i. 297.
Abul-Faraj, an eminent Syrian writer, i. 339.
Abyssinia, Romish missions to, ii. 193, ii. 194: Lu-
theran missions, ii. 227.

Abyssinians embrace the Monophysite doctrine, i.
232; state of their church at different times, ii. 75;||
ii. 383, ii. 412.

Acacius, bishop of Constantinople, is deposed, i. 154.
Academics, their impious notions, i. 19.

Academical institutions in Europe, i. 340, ii. 86, ii.
96, ii. 109.

Acephali, a sect, i. 153.

Adalbert, bishop of Prague, a martyr, i. 236.
Adamites, tenets of, i. 75.

Bohemian, an account of, i. 428.

Adrian, the emperor, a persecutor of the Christians,
i. 54.

I. pope, gratifies Charlemagne with the right
of election to the see of Rome, I. 198.
IV., arrogance of, i. 311.

VI., good character of, ii. 23.

Eon, the eternal nature, i. 34.

Erian controversy, i. 117.

Africans, the nature of their conversion in xv. cent.
examined, i. 407; in xvii. cent. ii. 165.
Agnoetæ, a sect, i. 172.

Agobard, archbishop of Lyons, account of, i. 212, i.
218.

Agricola, founder of the Antinomian sect in Germa-
ny, ii. 93.

Albert the Great, character of, i. 342, i. 365; his sys-
tem of divinity, i. 369.

Albigenses, or Paulician sect, i. 294; cruel persecu-
tion of them, i. 375.

Alcuin, character and works of, i. 199.
Aldhelm, account of, i. 181.

Alexander III. pope, confers on the cardinals the
sole right of electing to the pontificate, i. 266, i.
314; orders schools to be erected, i. 305; deposes the
emperor Frederic I. i. 311; is driven from Rome,
ib.; retrieves his affairs, i. 312; extends the papal
authority, i. 313.

VI. infamous character of, i. 419, ii. 8.
VII, conduct of, ii. 160; bull against

Jansenius, ii. 214.

VIII. character of, ii. 182.
Natalis, writes against the popish claims,

ii. 196.
Alexander, patriarch of, one of the heads of the
Christian church, i. 109; extent of his authority in
xvi. cent. ii. 70.

Alfred, his taste for letters, i. 211; the most learned
men under him, ib.

Allatius, Leo, his works for uniting the Greek and
Romish churches, ii. 223.

Almamoun, khalif of Bagdad, an eminent patron of
science. i. 211.

Almeric, an account of, i. 341.

Alphonso, king of Leon, an eminent patron of let-
ters, in xiii. cent. i. 339; the fame he acquired by
his astronomical tables, ib.

Alphonso VI., king of Naples, a zealous promoter of
learning, i. 408.

Altenburg, conference at, ii. 98..

Alva, duke of, a cruel persecutor of the protestants,
ii. 43; effect of his tyranny, ib.

Amalric, the absurd and impious doctrine taught by
him, i. 378.

Ambrose, bishop of Milan, his character, i. 110; his
three books on the duty of ministers, i. 113.
of Camaldoli, his works, i. 422.
America, when first visited by the Europeans. i.
406; its inhabitants converted to Christianity, ib.
English and Dutch colonies there in xvi. cent. it.
164: Romish missions, ii. 165, Protestant missions,
VOL. II.-57

ii. 167; the ambition of the Jesuits in Paraguay, ib.
an episcopal church in North America, ii. 401.
Ames, William, account of, ii. 124; he treats morali-
ty as a separate science, ii. 257.
Ammonius Saccus, founder of the new Platonists, i.
57; attempts a coalition of all sects with his own
system, ib.; the principles of his philosophy, ib.;
his moral discipline, i. 58; the pernicious effects of
his philosophy to Christianity, and hence the
foundation of the monks and mystics, ib.; the ra-
pid progress of his sect, i. 81.

Amour, Guillaume de St., a strenuous opposer of
the mendicant friars, i. 354; is banished, ib.; his
works and great character, ib.

Amsterdam, clergy and magistrates of, oppose the
toleration of the Mennonites, ii. 138.
Amyrault, Moses, account of his works, ii. 257; form
of his doctrine and reconciliatory endeavours, ii.
260; proceedings of the Swiss church against him,
ii. 278.

Anabaptists, their enthusiastic, seditious, and vile
principles in xvi. cent. and punishments they un-
dergo, ii. 35.

Anabaptists (Mennonites,) their history, ii. 127;
maxim whence their peculiarities arose, ii. 128;
their progress, ii. 129; crimes of many of them, ib.;
points of doctrine maintained by the most rational
of them, ib.; severe punishments inflicted on them,
ii. 130.

of Munster, their seditious madness,
ii. 131; measures taken to extirpate them, ii. 132;
plot against the magistrates defeated, ib.; how
comforted by Menno, ib.; origin of the sects that
started up among them, ii. 132; warm contest,
ii. 133; new dissensions among them, ib.; their
creed, confessions, and peculiar tenets, ib.; state
of learning and philosophy among them, ii. 137;
their settlement in the United Provinces, ii. 138;
English, called Baptists, with an account of their
various denominations, ib.; singular sect called
Davidists, ii. 139; various fortunes of the Anabap-
tists in xvii. cent. ii. 295; union restored among
them, ii. 296; different sects, with their several
characters and notions, ib.; external form of their
church, ib.; three orders of ministers among them,
ib.

Anachorets, a monastic order in iv. cent. i. 115.
Anastasius, gives rise to the Nestorian controversy,
i. 150.
the emperor, protects the Acephali, i.

171.
Anchialus, patriarch of Constantinople, an eminent
patron of letters in xii. cent. i. 314.
Andreas, James, employed in reconciling the Luthe-
ran divines, ii. 99.

Andronicus, the emperor, forbids all controversies
concerning speculative points of theology, i. 326.
Angelome, a monk of Lisieux, an acute, but fantas-
tic writer in ix. cent. i. 222.

Anglo-Saxons, oppress the Christians, i. 134; some
few converted by Augustin, i. 156; a universal
conversion among them in vii. cent. i. 173; the
causes of this conversion considered, ib.

Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, improves the
science of logic, i. 261; inventor of the famous ar-
gument ascribed to Des-Cartes, i. 262; one of the
first who composed a system of divinity, i. 286.
of Laon, his character, i. 319, i. 322.
of Havelberg, a strenuous advocate for the
Latins against the Greeks, i. 325.
Ansgar, founder of the Cimbrian
Swedish churches, i. 208.
Anthropomarphites, a sect in x. cent. i. 252.
Antichrist, ensigns of, what so called by the Puri-
tans, ii. 115.

Danish and

Antinomians, their rise among the Lutherans, ii. 93;
suppression by Luther, ib.; tenets, ib.; English,
their rise, and pernicious tenets, ii. 271; their mo-
dern state, ii. 402.

Antioch, jurisdiction of its patriarch in iv. cent. i.
109; the extent of his power in xvi. cent. ii. 71.

Antoninus, Marcus, a persecutor of the Christians,
i. 55; his partiality to the Stoics, and its effects
upon learning, i. 56.

Pius, persecution under him, i. 55.
Antonius Paulus, endeavours to correct the abuses
among the clergy in xvii. cent. i. 243.

Antony, forms in Egypt the Monks into a body, i.
115; the rapid progress of this order in the east,
and maxims of their philosophy which seduced
Christians, ib.

of Vienne, order of, i. 282.
Apollinarian heresy, i. 127.
Apollonius Tyanæus, a knave, and an impostor, i. 81.
Apostles of Christ, why limited to twelve, i. 25; the
success of their ministry, i. 27; their authority and
office, i. 36; they and their disciples the principal
writers, i. 40; the creed, by whom composed, i. 42.
a sect in xiii. cent. i. 380; their extirpation, ib.
Apostolics, a sect in xii. cent. i. 332; the remarkable
purity of their lives, ib.
Aquinas, Thomas, a very powerful advocate for the
philosophy of Aristotle, i. 342; his character, i. 365;||
method of explaining the Scriptures, i. 366; ortho-
doxy questioned, i. 368; famous sum, what, i. 369;
polemic work against the Gentiles, ib.; several of
his doctrines opposed by John Duns Scotus, i. 400.
Arabian philosophers, tenets of some, i. 95; confuted
by Origen, they abandoned their erroneous senti-
ments, ib.; form schools in Spain and Italy, in x.
cent. i. 242; source of knowledge among the Euro-
peans, ib.; and i. 260; authors of divination and
astrology in the West, ib.

Arbricelics, Robert, founds a monastery at Fontev
raud in xii. cent. i. 316; one singularity in his
rule, i. 317.

Archbishops, authority of, in iv. cent., i. 107.
Arianism, its rise in iv. cent. i. 124; the tenets of its
author, ib; its progress before the first Nicene
council, ib.; its history after that time, i. 125, &c.;
various sects of it, which may be reduced to three
classes, i. 127; its state in vi. cent. i. 176; encou
raged by the Lombards in vii. cent. i. 183.
Arians, two eminent writers among them in xvii.
cent. ii. 297; to whom the denomination of Arian
is applicable, ib.; most eminent patrons in xviii.
cent. ii. 313; bad consequences of Arianism, ib.;
points of its doctrine adopted by Mr. Whiston, and
consequence, ib.; controversy occasioned by Dr.
Clarke's opinions concerning the Trinity, and by
whom opposed, ii. 314.

Aristotelian philosophy, admired by the Nestorians
in vi. cent. i. 161; its progress in viii. cent. i. 191;
taught by the reformed church in xvi. cent. ii. 122;
introduced into theology, and bad consequence, ii.
123; its state in xvii. cent. ii. 176, ii. 204, ii. 233.
Aristotle, his notions of God and the human soul, i.
19; had many admirers in xiii. cent.-the preju-
dice done by them to christianity, i. 338.
Arius, maintains the inferiority of the second per-
son of the Trinity, i. 124; expelled from the church,
ib.; condemned by the council of Nice, ib.; recalled
from exile, i. 126; dies a miserable death, ib.
Armagh, Richard of, attacks the Mendicants, i. 391,
Armenia, Great and Less, Christianity established
there, i. 103, i. 104.

Armenians, an account of, in xvi. cent. ii. 76; their
state in xvii. cent. ii. 227; generous behaviour of
the shah Abbas toward them, ib.; the advantages
they received from the settlement of a great num-
ber of Armenians in different parts of Europe, ib.;
state of their church in xviii. cent. ii. 382.
Arminianism, its rise and progress, in xvii. cent. ii.

279.
Arminius, James, founder of the Arminian church,
ii. 258; professes publicly his opinions about pre-
destination, grace, &c. in opposition to those of
Calvin, ib.; two favourable circumstances for him,
ii. 279; by whom opposed, and controversy there-
upon, with his death, ib.; progress of his sect, ib.
Arnauld, a patron of the Jansenists, ii. 212; his dis-
pute with Claude, concerning transubstantiation,
ii. 224.

Arndt, a moral writer in xvii. cent. ii. 239; his good
character and works, ii. 250.

Arnobius, a defender of the Christians, i. 86.
Arnold, of Brescia, account of him and his sect, i. 330.

, of Villa Nova, his extensive learning, i. 343.
Godfrey, disturbs the Lutheran church, ii.
246; his ecclesiastical history censured, ib.
Artemon, a sectary, i. 76

manner of teaching

Arts, seven, the wretched
them in viii. cent. i. 192.
Ascetics, their rise and principles, i. 64.
Asculanus, Ceccus, a famous philosopher in xiv.
cent. i. 385; his fate, ib.

Asia, Protestant missions in, ii. 163; English and
Dutch colonies, ii. 164.

Asiatic Gnostics, a sect in ii. cent. i. 71.

Asinus, John Pungens, substitutes consubstantiation
for transubstantiation, in xiii. cent. i. 370.
Assemblies, the first Christian, i. 68.
Associations, religious, in Great Britain, ii. 422.
Astesanus, his character, i. 401, i. 402.
Astrology, mixed with philosophy, considered as ma-
gic in xiv. cent. ii. 24.

Asylum, right of, contested, ii. 196.
Athanasius, account of, i. 109; he is deposed by the
council of Tyre, i. 125.

Athenagoras, an excellent writer in ii. cent. i. 61.
Atto, bishop of Vercelli, his works useful in describ-
ing the genius of the people in x. cent. i. 247.
Audæus, forms a sect, i. 129.
Augsburg, conference at, between Luther and Caie-
tan, ii. 16; diet holden in that city by Charles V.,
ii. 31; famous confession made by the protestants,
ib.; a refutation of it attempted by the catholics,
ii. 32; three methods proposed for terminating these
religious dissensions, ib.; a severe decree against
the reformers, ib.; a religious peace concluded at
the second diet, ii. 39; acts favourable to the pro-
testants passed, ii. 40.

Augustin, bishop of Hippo, high character of, i. 110;
his success against the Donatists, i. 128; he sup-
presses Pelagianism, i. 155; opposes the Predesti-
narians, i. 156.

-, a Benedictine monk, sent into Britain as a
missionary, i. 157.

-, St., monks of, their rise in xiii. cent. i. 352.
Avignon, popes remove thither their residence in
xiv. cent. i. 386; their power diminished, ib.; invent
new schemes to acquire riches, i. 387.
Aurelian, state of the church under him, i. 80.
Aureolus, Peter, a scholastic doctor, i. 399.
Austria, commotions in, against the protestants in
xvii. cent. ii. 183; state of the Austrian church, ii.
408.

Authbert, a converter of the pagans in ix. cent. i.
208.

Autherius, bishop of Bethlehem, founds the congre-
gation of the Holy Sacrament, ii. 154.
Bacon, John, a scholastic divine, i. 399.

-, Roger, his great character, i. 341, i. 342, i. 365.
lord Verulam, his character, ii. 173.
Baius, disputes about grace in xvi. cent. ii. 68; he is
accused and stigmatised, ii. 69.
Baldus, his character, i. 384.
Balsamon, Theodore, a Greek writer, i. 318.
Bangorian controversy, ii. 391.
Baptism, not to be considered as a mere ceremony, i.
45; the manner of celebrating it in i. cent. i. 46;
in ii. cent. i. 69; in iii. cent. i. 91; in iv. cent. i. 121.
Baptists, general and particular, doctrines and prac-
tices of, ii. 138; farther account of both, ii. 395; ii.

396.

Baradæus, Jacob, restores the Monophysites, i. 171;
is acknowledged as their second founder, i. 172.
Barbarians, Western, persecute the Christians, i. 239.
Barcepha, Moses, his great character, i. 218.
Barclay, Robert, a defender of the Quakers, ii. 288.
Barcochebas, a great enemy to the Christians, i. 54.
Bardesanes, founder of a sect, i. 71.
Barnabites, order of, founded in xvi. cent. ii. 59; soon
deviate from their first rule, ib.
Baronius' annals, an account of, ii. 59.
Barsumas, a zealous promoter of Nestorianism, i. 151.
Bartolus, his character, i. 384.
Basil, bishop of Cæsaria, account of, i. 109.

the council of, i. 415; its decrees and acts, ib.
Basilides, chief of the Egyptian Gnostics, i. 72; enor-
mous errors of his system, i. 73; his moral doc-
trine, ib.

Basilius, the Macedonian, under him the Sclavonians
and Russians are converted, i. 208.

founder of a sect in xii. cent. i. 328; his te-
nets, ib.
Bassi, Matthew de, founder of the Capuchin order,
ii. 58.

Bayle, a sceptical philosopher, ii. 180.
Becker, Balthasar, peculiar sentiments of, ii. 277;
contest occasioned by them, ib.

300; debate between him and Cuiper concerning
the use of reason in religious matters, ib.
Brethren and sisters of the Free Spirit, a sect in xiii.
cent. i. 376; various names and singular behaviour,
ib.; dangerous and impious conclusions drawn by
them from their mystic theology, ib.; their shock-
ing violation of decency, i. 377; execrable and blas-
phemous doctrine of some among them, ib.; their
first rise seems to have been in Italy, i. 378; edicts
against them in xiv. cent. i. 403; they undergo se-
vere punishments from the court of Inquisition, i.
428; as also from Ziska, ib.

Brethren and Clerks of the Common Life, account
of, i. 421; division into the lettered and illiterate,
and their several employments, ib.; the fame of
the schools erected by them, ib.

white, rise of, i. 428; suppression of the
sect, ib.

British ecclesiastics, successful in their ministry
among the Germans in viii. cent. i. 187.
Brito, character of, i. 340.

Brothers, Richard, an enthusiast, ii. 401.
Brown, George, archbishop of Dublin, zealous in the
cause of the Reformation in Ireland, ii. 42; his
character, ib.; he is deprived under queen Mary, ib.;
his singular account of the genius and spirit of the
Jesuits, ii. 54.

Brown, Robert, founder of the Brownists in xvi.
cent. ii. 116; his notions, ib.; he renounces his sepa-
ration from the church of England, ii. 117.
Bruno, founder of the Carthusians, i. 381.

, a commentator, i. 385.

Bruys, Peter, attempts to reform the abuses and su-
perstition of his times, and is charged with fanati-
cism, i. 329; is committed to the flames, ib.
Bryennius, Nicephorus, an eminent historian, in xii.
cent. i. 304.

Josephus, his works, i. 421.

Bucer, Martin, endeavours to bring about a recon-
ciliation between the Reformed and the Luthe-
rans, ii. 106; how defeated, ib.

Bugenhagius, draws up a form of religious govern-
ment and doctrine for the Danes, ii. 29.
Bulgarians, converted to Christianity in ix. cent. i.
208.

Bullinger, a distinguished reformer, ii. 123.
Burchard, bishop of Worms, i. 247.

Geneva, ib.; he puts Servetus to death, ii. 141; his
method of interpreting Scripture scrupulously fol-
lowed by the members of the Reformed church, ii.

255.

Calvinists, secret, or Crypto-Calvinists, in Saxony,
ii. 100.
Camaldolites, a monastic order in xi. cent. ii. 280.
Cambalu, (now Pekin in China,) erected into an
archbishopric in xiv. cent. i. 381.
Camerarius, Joachim, a learned commentator, ii. 88.
Cameron, John, his reconciling doctrine, ii. 260.
Campanella, a philosopher in xvi. cent. ii. 48.
Campanus, his heretical notions, ii. 141.
Canara, state of the Christians in, ii. 411.
Canon of Scripture, supposed to be fixed about ii,
cent. i. 45.

Canons, a religious order, i. 198; encouraged by
Louis the Debonaire, who institutes the first canon-
esses, i. 215; degeneracy of the order, ib.; reforma.
tion attempted, and new laws made, i. 289; distinc-
tion into regular and secular, ib.; introduction into
England, ib.

regular, their useful lives and manners in xii.
cent. i. 316; contest with the monks, ib.

Roman, their luxurious lives, ii. 57.
Cantacuzenus, John, the historian of his own times,
i. 399.

Cantipratensis, Thomas, his character, i. 365.
Capistran, John, eminent for his defence of papal
authority, i. 422.

Capito, Robert, an account of, i. 341, i. 365.
Capel, Louis, voluminous and elaborate work of, ii.

261.

Capreolus, John, his character, i. 422.
Capuchins, rise of, ii. 58; banished from Venice in
xvii. cent. ii. 194; but recalled, ib.
Caputiati, a sect of fanatics in xii. cent. i. 333.
Cardan, a philosopher in xvi. cent. ii. 47.
Cardinals, the right of electing to the see of Rome,
vested in them in xi. cent. i. 265; their origin and
rights, i. 266; divided into two classes, ib.; their
college augmented by Alexander III., i. 268.
Carey, a distinguished missionary, ii. 422.
Cario, an eminent historian among the Lutherans,
ii. 86.

Carlostadt, the reformer, intemperate zeal of, ii. 91;
he propagates his doctrine in Switzerland, ii. 92.

132.

Burley, Walter, the use of his works, i. 384.

Bus, Cæsar de, founder of the order of fathers of the
Christian doctrine, ii. 59.

i. 317; their rule of discipline, ib.; reformation in-
troduced among them in xvi. cent. ii. 58; divi-
sions among them, ib.

Cabbala, the source of many errors among the Jews,
j. 23.

Cæcilianus, bishop of Carthage, condemned, i. 122.
Cæfarius, of Arles, his works, i. 164, i. 166.
Caietan, cardinal, an opponent of Luther, ii. 16.
Calcutta, college of, ii. 411.

Calistus, Nicephorus, an eminent writer, i. 383.
Calixtines, in Bohemia, their rise in xv. cent. i. 424;
four demands, ib.

Calixtus, George, his zeal for reconciling the Protes-
tants and Catholics in xvii. cent. ii. 190; as also
the Lutherans and Reformed, ii. 233; his peculiar
method and form of theology, ii. 238; author of
Syncretism, and character, ii. 239; his death, ii.
240; doctrine condemned, and creed drawn up
against it by the Lutheran doctors, ib.; opinions,
ii. 241; his real design, ib.

Calixtus II. pope, his great character, i. 310: disputes
concerning investitures subside by his prudence, ib.
III. institutes the festival of the Transfigu-

ration, i. 427.
Calovius, a Lutheran writer in xvii. cent. ii. 241.
Calvin, John, a short character of him, ii. 31; he
commences the controversy about predestination,
ii. 107; establishes the reformed church ib.; his
grand views how in part executed, ii. 108; his
changes are not approved or received by all the
Reformed, ii. 109; his doctrine gains ground in
Germany, ii. 110; in France, ib.; and in Britain, ii.
111; his system made the public rule of faith in
England under Edward VI., ib.; adopted in the Ne-
therlands, ii. 112; his rigid discipline, and resolu-
tion in establishing it, ii. 117; his scriptural com-
mentary, why sharply censured, ii. 119; his insti-
tutes of the Christian religion, ii. 123; his contest
with the spiritual libertines ii. 124; with those of

tenets, ib.

Cartes, M. des, character of, ii. 176; his philosophy,
ib.: strong opposition to it, ib.; his metaphysical
system propagated with success, ii. 178; improved
by Malebranche and Leibnitz, with the character
of each, ib.; its progress, ii. 225.
Cartesian controversy in Holland, ii. 274; philoso-
phy, why considered as a system of impiety, ib.
Carthusians, a monastic order, its rise in xi. cent.
i. 281; founder, and severe laws, ib.; why so few
nuns of that order, ib.

Cassian, his character, i. 140.
Cassiodorus, his expositions of Scripture, i. 165.
Castalio, Sebastian, opposes Calvin, and his charac-
ter. ii. 125.

Castilians, the extraordinary method used by them
to determine the superior excellence of the Roman
or Gothic service in xi. cent. i. 292.
Castilione, Gilbert de, refutes the Jews, i. 335.
Casuists, ancient, not so good as the Lutherans.
ii. 90.

Catechumens, an order of Christians, i. 38.
Catharists, or Paulicians, a sect, i. 294; their unhap-
py state in xii. cent. i. 328.
Cedrenus, an historian in xi. cent. i. 259.
Celestine, I., pope, sends Palladius and Patrick to
convert the Irish in v. cent. i. 133.

V., obnoxious to the clergy, i. 349; his resig--
nation, ib.

Cellites, their rise at Antwerp in xiv. cent. i. 397;
their fame and progress, ib.

Celsus, his objections against Christianity refuted by
Origen, i. 55.

Celts, learning among them in i. cent. i. 36.
Cene, Charles le, denies original sin, i1. 263; his sin-
gular translation of the Bible condemned, ib.
Century, i. its ecclesiastical history, i. 15; ii. cent. i.
51; iii. cent. i. 77; iv. cent. i. 97; v. cent. i. 133; vi.