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Argentieri. J. Bar de Vignole. Paul Manutius. Jerome Cardan. A. Palladio. C. Sigonius. P. Victorius. Oct. Ferrari. James Zabarella. L. Guicciardini. A. de Costanzo. Torq. Tasso. Fr. Patritius, or Patrizi. Ant. Riccoboni. G. Panciroli. And. Cesalpino. Natalis Comes. Aldrovandi. Gratiani. B. Guarini. Swiss Authors:-Aur. Ph. Paracelus. Theod. Bibliander. Theod. Swinger. Isaac Casaubon. German, Dutch, and Flemish Authors:-J. Reuchlin. P. Mosellan. M. Aurogallus, who assisted Luther in the translation of the Bible. H. C. Agrippa. D. Erasmus of Rotterdam. Luscinius. Simon Grynæus. Adr. Barland of Zealand. Nic. Copernicus, a Prussian. J. Secundus of the Hague. J. Olaus Magnus. Peutinger. Paul Faglus. Sebastian Munster. G. Agricola. John Sleidan. Gasp. Bruschius. P. Loti chius. Conrad Gesner. G. Fabricius. A. Masius. Joach. Camerarius. Virgilius of Zuichem. Hubert Goltzius. John Sturmius. J. Sambuc. A. G. de Busbec. J. Leunclavius. G. Mercator. Læv. Torrentius. Raphelengius. Ortelius. Heurnius of Utrecht. Justus Lipsius. Paul Merula of Leyden. A. Gorlæus. Schonæus. Em. van Meteren. Dom. Baudius. Danish Authors:-Tycho Brahe, the astronomer. Nicolas Craig.

CENTURY XVII.

SOVEREIGN PRINCES.

Emperors: A. D.-Rodolph II., 1612. Matthias, 1619. Ferdinand II., 1637. Ferdinand III., 1657. Leopold I. Kings of Spain:-Philip III., 1621. Philip IV., 1665. (Portugal throws off the Spanish yoke, and recovers its independence, in the year 1640.) Charles II., 1700. Sovereigns of France:-Henry IV., 1610. Louis XIII., 1643. Louis XIV. Sovereigns of England:-Elizabeth, 1603. James I. (VI. of Scotland,) 1625. Charles I. beheaded in the year 1649. Cromwell usurps the government under the title of Lord Protector, and dies in 1658. Charles II., 1685. James II. abandons his kingdom in the year 1688, and dies in 1701. William III. and Mary, 1694. Kings of Scotland:-James VI., 1625. This prince and his successors were kings both of England and Scotland so far down as the year 1707, when these kingdoms were united into one monarchy. Kings of Sweden:-Charles IX., 1611. Gustavus Adolphus, 1632. Christina abdicates the crown in 1654, and dies in 1689. Charles Gustavus, 1660. Charles XI., 1697. Charles XII. Kings of Denmark:-Christiern IV., 1648. Frederic III., 1670. Christian V., 1699. Frederic IV. Kings of Poland: Sigismond III., 1632. Uladislaus Sig., 1648. John Casimir, 1669. Michael I., 1674. John Sobieski, 1696. Frederic Augustus, elector of Saxony. Kings of Portugal:-John, duke of Braganza, chosen king in 1640, dies in 1656. Alphonso VI. dethroned in 1667. Pedro II. Ottoman Emperors:-Mohammed III., 1604. Ahmed I., 1617. Mustapha, 1617. Osman, 1622. Mustapha restored, 1623. Morad IV., 1640. Ibrahim, 1649. Mohammed IV., 1687. Solyman III., 1691. Ahmed II., 1695. Mustapha II. Czars of Moscovy:-Boric, 1605. Theodore Borissowitz, 1605. The false Demetrius, 1606. Basil Zuski, 1610. De metrius II., 1610. Demetrius III., 1610. Uladislaus of Poland, 1613. Demetrius IV., 1613. Michael Theodorowitz, 1645. Alexis Michaelowitz, 1676. Theodore Alexiowitz, 1682. Ivan, or John, and Peter I. jointly. Ivan died in 1696. Stadtholders of the United Provinces:-Maurice, 1625. Frederic Henry, 1647. William II., 1650. The dignity of Stadtholder remains vacant during the space of 22 years.

POPES, OR BISHOPS OF ROME

Clement VIII., 1605. Leo XI., 1605. Paul V., 1621. Gregory XV., 1623. Urban VIII., 1644. Innocent X., 1655. Alexander VII., 1667. Clement IX., 1669. Clement X., 1676. Innocent XI., 1689. Alexander VIII., 1691. Innocent XII., 1700.

ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.

Dr. J. Whitgift, 1604. Dr. R. Bancroft, 1610. Dr. George Abbot, 1633. Dr. W. Laud, 1645. Dr. W. Juxon, 1663. Dr. Gil. Sheldon, 1677. Dr. W. Sancroft, deprived in 1690, died 1693. Dr. John Tillotson, 1694. Dr. Thomas Tenison.

ECCLESIASTICAL AND THEOLOGICAL WRITERS.

Protestant Writers:-Archbishop Abbot. John Lightfoot. Matthew Poole. Bishop Pearson. Bishop Fell. Gataker. Bishop Ward. Owen. Edward Pocock. Dr. Goodwin. Dr. Manton. Richard Baxter. Dr. Calamy. Howe. Bates. Bishop Bull. Grew. Bishop Burnet. Jo. Forbes. J. Baxter. Archbishop Tillotson. Dr. Sherlock. Archbishop Wake. Chillingworth. Henry Hammond. Thomas Hyde. William Cave. Brian Walton. Drusius. Hospinian. Trigland. Ittigius. Fr. Spanheim. R. Cudworth. Ed. Stillingfleet. H. Prideaux. J. Locke. W. Lloyd, bishop of Worcester. J. Milton. St. Nye. Claude. Daille. J. Morin. Amyrault. Samuel and James Basnage. Jurieu. Benoit. Turretin. Elias Saurin. Morus. Le Cene. Mesterzat. Le Blanc. Arminius. Grotius. Episcopius. Curcellæus. Limborch. Sleidan. Coccelus. Voetius. Gomar. Lud. Capellus, or Louis Capel. S. Bochart. Gerhard. Hoe. Calixtus. G. and Fred. Heilbronner. Haffenreffer. Thummius. The Osianders. Musæus. Hutter. Hunnius, Guy and Nic. The Mentzers. Godfrey Olcarius. Fred. Baldwin. Alb. Grawer. Carpzovius. Tarnovius. J. and Paul John Asselman. Eilhart Luber. The Lysers. Michael Walter. Joach. Hildebrand. J. Val. Andreas. Solomon Glassius. Ab. Calovius. Theod. Hachspan. J. Hulseman. Jacob Weller. J. Conr. Danhauer. J. G. Dorschæus. John Arndt. Martin Geyer. Schertzer. Balthasar and John Meisner. Aug. Pfeiffer. Muller. H. and J. Just. Chr. Schomer. Sebast. Schmidt. Christ. Horsholt. Ph. Jac. Spener. G. Th. Mayer. Fred. Bechman. From Gerhard to Fred. Bechman inclusively, all are Lutherans. Roman Catholic Authors:-Baronius. Bellarmine. Serrarius. Fevardentius. Possevin. Gretser. Combesis. Nat. Alexander. J. Sirmond. Petau. Cellot. Caussin. Renaud. Fra. Paolo. Pallavicini. Labbe. Maimbourg. Thomassin. Sfondrat. Aguirre. Henry Noris. D'Achery. Mabillon. Hardouin. Simon. Ruinart. Montfaucon. Galloni. Cornelius a Lapide. Bonfrere. Menard. Segenot. Bernard. Lamy. Bollandus. Henschen. Papebroch. Perron. Estius. Launoy. Tillemont. Godeau. Albaspinæus. Richelieu. Holstenius. Baluzius. Bona. Huet. Bossuet. Fenelon. Thiers. Du-Pin. Leo Allatius. Zaccagni. Cotelier. Filesac. Visconti. Molina. Arriaga. Rigault. Richer

Ben

Pererius. Mariana. Fr. Pithou. Fr. de Sales. M. de Calafio. Lessius. Pineda. C. Jansenius. tivoglio. Sponde. Bzovius. H. de Valois. P. de Marca. Arnaud d'Andilly. Du Cange. Pascal. Du Boulay. A. Arnaud. Vavasseur. Neercassel. J. Le Maitre de Sacy. Pagi. Pezron. Gerberon. Quesnel. These are the most distinguished writers of the Romish church during this century.

HERETICS, REAL OR REPUTED.

The doctrine of the Jesuits, concerning philosophical sin, condemned by pope Alexander VIII. in 1690. The Probabilists (so the Jesuits were called from their odious doctrine of probability,) condemned by the Sorbonne. The Franciscans are judged heretics on account of their doctrine concerning the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary. Jansenius, Quesnel, and Arnauld, as also Fenelon, Molinos, and the pietists, are condemned in France. Arminius, and his followers, the Universalists. Bekker, the Cartesian divines, Labadie. Bourignon, Poiret, Leehoff, and Claude Pajon, are regarded as heretics by the reformed churches in France and Holland. The Independents, Antinomians, Ranters, and Quakers, and among the latter, Fox, Barclay, Keith, and Penn, are looked upon in the same light. Add to these, Enthu siasts, and Fanatics of various kinds, such as Jacob Behmen, Valentine Weigel, Nic. Drabicius, Seidel. Stifelius, and the Rosecrucians

REMARKABLE EVENTS AND RELIGIOUS RITES.

The congregation de propaganda Fide, founded at Rome in 1622, by pope Gregory XV. Christianity is propagated in the kingdoms of Siam, Tonquin, and Cochin-china, by the Jesuit missionaries. The thirty years' war breaks out. The Moors are driven out of Spain. The Protestants are persecuted in France. The Gunpowder Treason discovered in England. A rupture between pope Paul V. and the Venetians. The royal society is founded in the year 1662. A Jubilee is celebrated by pope Clement VIII. in the year 1600. In 1605, Maurice, landgrave of Hesse Cassel, introduces the reformed religion into Marpurg. Paul V. excommunicates the Venetians, whose cause is defended by Fra. Paolo. In the year 1606, Rodolph II. allows the Hungarians the free exercise of the Protestant religion, formerly granted by Ferdinand I. but abolished by his successor. In 1608, the Socinians publish their Catechism at Cracow. The Silesians, Moravians, and Bohemians, are allowed by Rodolph II. the free exercise of their religion in 1609. The Protestants form a confederacy at Heilbron, in 1610; and the Roman catholics form a league at Wurtzburg in opposition to it. The Bohemians choose Frederic V. elector Palatine, for their king, in order to maintain them in the free exercise of the Protestant religion;-but he is conquered, and they are forced to embrace popery. In 1625, the princes of Lower Saxony enter into a league with Christian IV. of Denmark, which concludes by the peace of Lubeck. Ferdinand II. publishes, in 1629, an edict, ordering the Protestants to surrender and restore all the ecclesiastical domains and possessions of which they had become masters after the pacification of Passau.-This edict is disobeyed. Gustavus Adolphus enters Germany. The peace of Munster and Osnabrug concluded, by which the three religions are tolerated in the empire. The synod of Dordrecht assembled in the year 1618. Henry IV. of France is assassinated by Ravaillac. This event exposes the Protestants to new persecutions. The edict of Nantes is perfidiously revoked by Louis XIV, and the Protestants are treated with the utmost barbarity. A contest between Louis XIV. and pope Innocent XI., concerning the collation of benefices, and the privileges and pretensions of the crown during their vacancy. The French clergy, in a general assembly at St. Germain's, declare the pope's pretensions to temporalities null and void; place the authority of a general council above that of the pope, and maintain that his decisions are not infallible, unless they be attended with the consent of the church. The Irish massacre in 1641, in which above 40,000 (some say 150,000) Protestants are murdered. Charles I. king of England, beheaded in the year 1649. A sort of commonwealth introduced by Cromwell, under which episcopacy suffers, and the Presbyterians, or rather the Independents, flourish. Charles II. restored, and with him episcopacy re-established. The glorious Revolution renders memorable the year 1688. The Protestants are oppressed and persecuted in many places. Several false Messiahs discovered, particularly Sabbati Levi, who, to avoid death, embraces the Moslem faith. The universities of Lunden in Sweden, Giessen, Pampeluna, Saltzburg, Derpt in Livonia, Utrecht, Abo, Duisburg, Kiel in Holstein, Inspruck, Halle. The academies of Inscriptions and of Sciences founded at Paris.

PROFANE AUTHORS.

No century has been so fertile in authors as this before us. Their number amounts to above 850. We shall confine ourselves to those who were most eminent in each country. In Great Britain and Ireland:Sir John Harrington. James Harrington. J. Pitt. R. Staniburst. Sir Henry Saville. Thomas Hariot, the inventor of algebra. W. Camden. Nicolas Fuller. Benjamin Jonson. Shakespear, or Shakspeare. Henry Wotten. Thomas Lydiat. Joseph Hall, called the English Seneca. Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Thomas Gataker. W. Habington. Archbishop Usher. W. Harvey, who first discovered the circulation of the blood. Sir Ken. Digby. Sir James Ware. John Milton. Abraham Cowley. The Chancellor Clarendon. Sir Matthew Hale. Fr. Glisson. Thomas Stanley. Joseph Glanvil. Samuel Butler. Algernon Sidney. John Collins, mathematician. Robert Morison. William Dugdale. Ralph Cudworth. J. Rushworth. Robert Boyle. John Locke. W. Molyneux. Sir Paul Ricaut. H. Hody. Bishop Beverage. Sir Samuel Garth. Thomas Gale. John Philips. Bishop Sprat. Thomas Dempster. John Fletcher. Ph. Massinger. Edm. Gunter. Francis Bacon, lord Verulam. Thomas Ridley. John Speed. John Donne. Bishop Godwin, the annalist. Edward Coke. Thomas Randolph. Thomas Farnaby. John Napier, inventor of .ogarithms. G. Keating. John Greaves. Edward Simson. John Selden. William Burton. Richard Zouch. W. Oughtred. B. Walton. P. Heylin. James Howel. Sir John Denham. Sir John Marsham. Bishop Wilkins. James Gregory. Thomas Willis. Bulst. Whitelocke. John Price. Isaac Barrow. Thomas Hobbes. Thomas Brown. Thomas Marshal. Edmund Castel. Thomas Otway. Ed. Waller. Dr. Sydenham. Anthony Wood. Ed. Bernard, professor of astronomy. Bishop Stillingfleet. William Somner. John Dryden. John Wallis. John Ray. D. Gregory. M. Lister. Henry Dodwell. N. Grew. Sir H. Spelman. French Authors:-J. Aug. de Thou. Pineau. Gilot. Mornac. P. Matthieu. Du Vair. Fr. Pithou. J. Barclai. Savaron. Pr. Jeannin. Godefroi. Bergier. Le Mercier. Boulanger. Goulart. Malherbe. Marillac. N. and C. Le Bois. J. B. Le Menestrier. J. Bap. Duval. P. Haye du Chastelet. R. Des Cartes. N. Fab. de Peiresc. Henr. duc de Rohan. De Meziriac. J. Bourdelot. J. Guthieres. And. du Chesne. Louis Savot. Val. Conrart. Cardinal Richelieu. Rochemallet. Philip Monet. Nicholas Bourbon. Augustus Galland. J. F. Niceron. Edm. Merille. Samuel Petit. M. Mersenne Voiture. De Vaugelas. Ch. Justel. Did. Herault. J. Baudouin. P. du Puy. G. and L. de St. Marthe. Denis Petau. G. Fournior. Cl. Saumaise. G. Naude. N. Rigault. J. L. de Balzac. G. B. de Gramont.

Sarasin. D. Blondel. P. Gassendi. J. Bignon. C. H. Fabrot. L. Ch. Le Fevre. N. Perrot d'Ablar. court. N. Sanson. Briet. Tan. Le Fevre. La Mothe Vayer. Moliere. G. M. le Jay. Roberval. Ro. hault. H. and Adr. de Valois. F. H. d'Aubignac. J. Esprit. L. Moreri. Duc de Rochefoucault. R. le Bossu. F. E. de Mezeray. P. Corneille. Ed. Mariotte. J. Spon. G. d'Estrades. Charles and Perrault. P. Bayle. Vauban. Tournefort. Th. Corneille. Boileau. Ren. Rapin. Jean Doujat. Fr. Bernier. Ch. Du Fresne. Du Cange. Is. de Benserade. Thevenot. G. Menage. De St. Real. Pelisson. Bussy Rabutin. Ch. Patin. B. d'Herbelot. Cl. Lancelot. St. Evremond. Amelot de la Houssaye. Louis Cousin. F. S. Regn. Des Marais. A. Felibien. Jean de la Bruyere. Sim. Foucher. J. Domat. J. B. Santeuil. C. P. Richelet. P. J. d'Orleans. J. Racine. J. Barbeyrac. J. B. Morin. Baudrand. Segrais. Chevreau. Charpentier. Bouhours. Marquis de l'Hopital. Vaillant. P. Silv. Regis. Theod. Agrip. d'Aubigne. Italian Authors:-Prosper Alpini. B. Baldi. J. A. Magini. A. Morosini. Luc. Valeri. Paul Beni. Davila. L. Pignoria. Salvador. Sanctorius. Thomas Campanella. Alexander Donato. Mascardi Galilei. Bentivoglio. Strozzi. Leo de Modena. Bonav. Cavalieri. Ev. Torricelli. J. V. Rossi. Fam. Strada. T. Galluzzi. Martini. Imperiali. Tomassini. Virgilio Malvezzi. Molinetti. Sert. Orsato. J. B. Nani. J. A. Borelli. Ricci. Oct. Ferrari. Bartalocci. M. Malpighi. Bellori. Viviani. Bellini. Bocconi. Averani. Cassini. Magalotti. Spanish and Portuguese Authors:-Cervantes. Antonio de Ledesma. J. Mariana, the historian. Antonio Herrera, the historian. Aldrete, the antiquarian. Balbuena. J. L. de la Cerda. Lopez de Vega, the Spanish Homer. Nic. de Antonio. Balth. Gracian. Diego de Coutu. Jos. Texeira. Rod. Lobo. Eman. Faria e Sousa. Ant. Perez. Man. Alvarez. Pegase. German, Dutch, Swiss, Swedish, &c. Authors:-Pauw, Anatomy. Aiguillon. Emmius. Gruterus. Bertius. Andr. Schott. Martinius. Snellius of Leyden. James and Adrian Metius. Cunæus. J. Meursius. Louis de Dieu. J. B. van Helmont. Hugo Grotius. Louis de Dieu. Erycius Puteanus. Gasp. Barlæus. Van Hooft. Const. Imperator. Manasseh Ben-Israel. B. Varenius. Sanderus. Vander-Linden. J. Golius. Aitzema. Heschelius. Ch. Helvicus. Melchior Adam. Cluverius. Hospinian. Rosinus. Buxtorf, father and son. Kepler. Goldast. Horstias. Sennert. Erasmus Schmidt. Alstedius. J. F. Gronovius. Meric Casaubon. Fr. Junius. Conringius. R. Heinsius. Noldius. H. Meibomius. Olaus Wormius. Jos. Arndius. J. G. Suicer. Wetstein. Gurtler. Thomasius. J. P. Pareus. Hoffman. Scioppius. G. J. Vossius. Barthius. Freinsheim. Schrevelius. J. Gerard. Hornius. Etmuller. Olaus Rudbeck. Bartholinus, father and son. Isaac Pontanus. Chr. Longomontanus. J. Rhodius. Bangius. Ad. Olearius. Graaf. Swammerdam. Ath. Kircher. Anna Maria Schurman. Ab. de Wicquefort. J. Kunckel. Ludolf. J. G. Grævius. Burchard de Volder. Varenius. Dodonæus. Otto Guerick, inventor of the air-pump. Morhoff. Isaac Vossius. Olaus Borrichius. G. Sagittarius. J. Tollius. Huygens. Pufendorff. Leusden. Wagenseil. Brockhuisen. Cellarius. Ezekiel Spanheim.

CENTURY XVIII.

SOVEREIGN PRINCES.

Emperors of Germany:-A. D.-Leopold, 1705. Joseph, 1711. Charles VI., 1740. Charles VII. (elector of Bavaria) 1745. Francis of Lorrain, 1765. Joseph II., 1790. Leopold II., 1792. Francis II. Kings of Spain: Philip V. resigns the crown in 1724. Louis dies in 1724. Philip reascends the throne; and dies in 1746. Ferdinand VI., 1759. Charles III., 1788. Charles IV. Kings of France:-Louis XIV., 1715. Louis XV., 1774. Louis XVI. deposed in 1792 and beheaded in 1793. After several changes of government, Bonaparte became sovereign of France in 1799, under the denomination of first consul, for which he afterwards substituted the more dignified title of emperor. Sovereigns of Great Britain:-William III., 1702. Anne, 1714. George I., 1727. George II., 1760. George III. Sovereigns of Sweden:Charles XII., 1718. Ulrica Eleonora, 1751. Frederic of Hesse Cassel, 1751. Adolphus of Holstein, 1771. Gustavus III.-assassinated in 1792. Gustavus IV. deposed by his uncle in 1809. Kings of Denmark:Frederic IV., 1730. Christiern VI., 1746. Frederic V., 1766. Christiern VII. Kings of Poland:-Frederic Augustus, 1733. Stanislaus is twice elected, but abdicates the crown. Frederic Augustus II., 1764. Stanislaus, count Poniatowski, succeeds; but he is deposed by foreign powers in 1794, and the kingdom is dismembered. Sovereigns of Portugal:-Pedro H., 1706. John V., 1750. Joseph, 1777. Maria. Turkish Emperors:-Mustapha II., 1703. Ahmed III.-deposed in 1730. Mahmoud, 1754. Osman III., 1757. Mustapha III., 1774. Abdul-hamed, 1789. Selim III. Russian Sovereigns:-Peter the Great, 1725. Catharine I., 1727. Peter II., 1730. Anne, 1740. Ivan, or John-deposed in 1741, and assassinated in 1762. Elizabeth, 1762. Peter III. murdered in 1762. Catharine II., 1796. Stadtholders of the United Provinces:William III, 1702. This dignity remained vacant for 45 years. William IV., 1751. William V. deposed by the French in 1795. Kings of Prussia:-Frederic I., 1713. Frederic William I., 1740. Frederic II., 1786. Frederic William II., 1797. Frederic William III. Kings of Sardinia:-Victor Amadeus I., 1730. Charles Emanuel, 1773. Victor II., 1796.

POPES, OR BISHOPS OF ROME.

Cle.nent XI., 1721. Innocent XIII., 1724. Benedict XIII., 1730. Clement XII., 1740. Benedict XIV., 1758. Clement XIII., 1769. Clement XIV., 1774. Pius VI., 1799. Pius VII.

ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.

Dr. Thomas Tenison, 1715. Dr. William Wake, 1737. Dr. John Potter, 1747. Dr. Thomas Herring, 1757. Dr. Matthew Hutton, 1758. Dr. Thomas Secker, 1768. Dr. Frederic Cornwallis, 1783. Dr. John Moore.

ECCLESIASTICAL AND THEOLOGICAL WRITERS.

N. B. In this list, only deceased authors are mentioned. Protestant Writers: Sir Isaac Newton. Dr. Bentley. Archbishops Wake, Potter, and Secker. Bishops Hare, Cumberland, Atterbury, Berkeley, Butler, Benson, Smallridge, Sherlock, Conybeare, Warburton, Lowth, Hurd, Horsley, and Porteus. Wesley. Dr. Mill. Dr. Edwards. Dr. Whitby. Dr. Clarke. W. Whiston. Wollaston. The lord chancellor King.

Dr. J. Leland. Dr. Derhue Jeremiah Seed. James Hervey. Balguy. Chapman. Dr. Jortin. Dr. Paley. Dr. Blair. Dr. Hckes. Abernethy. Dr. George Benson. Dr. Chandler. Dr. James Foster. Dr. Watis. Dr. Doddridg. Dr. Taylor, of Norwich. Pierce. Hallet. Grove. Lardner. Dr. Priestley. French, Swiss, Gerran, and Dutch Writers:-Abbadie. Pictet. James Saurin. Oudin. Ostervald. Jurieu. Turretir Werenfels. Vitringa. Leydeiker. Marck. Braun. Jablonski. Mosheim. Witsius and Trigland of Leyden, Spener. Pecht. Mayer. Masius. Wandalinus. Wincler. Fabricius. Schmidt. Rechenberg. Ittigius. Seeligman. Loscher. Foertsch. Buddeus. Luthenius. Antonius. Franckius. Langius. Maius. Pritius. N. B.. The twenty writers last mentioned are Lutherans. Romish Authors:Gonsalez. Beaugendre. Papin. Van Espen. F. Lami. Pouget. Des-Marets. D. de St. Marthe. Hyac. Serri. G. Helyot. F. Timoleon de Choisi. Huet. J. Martiany. Hure. Habert. Fleuri. Massillon. Eusebius Renaudot. Houdry. P. Constant. Baltus. P. de la Broue. G. Daniel. Hardouin. J. J. Boileau. Marsollier. Garnier. Le Bœuf. Anselme. Joubert. Tournemine. Duguet. Longuerue. Le Quien. Longueval. Vertot. Gibert. Martenne. Boursier. Blondel. Montfaucon. C. de la Rue. Sabatier. Benoit. Colbert. Languet. Dantine. Houteville. Lenglet du-Fresnoi. Martin. Berruyer. De Caylus. Bon. Racine. Calmet. Celler. Maran. Des-Champs. Morvan de Bellegarde. The popes Clement XI. Benedict XIII. and XIV Orsini. Muratori. Bianchini. Orsi. Tomasi. Banduri.

HERETICS, AND FREE THINKERS.

John Toland. Matthew Tindall. Ant. Collins. Thomas Woolston. Charles Blount. Thomas Chubb. Thomas Morgan. Bernard de Mandeville. Lord Bolingbroke, and others less worthy of notice. Among the sects of this century we may reckon the Herrenhutters, or Moravian ethren, and the followers of Swedenborg.

REMARKABLE EVENTS IN THE CHURCH.

The French Missionaries make many converts to popery in the eastern parts of the world; in the Ca natic, on the coast of Malabar, in China, &c. A great controversy is occasioned by the indulgence of the Jesuits towards the Chinese, in allowing them to retain the religious ceremonies of paganism. Protestant missionaries are sent to India by the English, Dutch, and Danes. The bull Unigenitus, issued by Clement XI. in 1713, condemns Quesnel's edition of the New Testament, and produces violent debates and divisions in the Gallican church, more especially between the Jesuits and the Jansenists. The latter endeavour to support their declining credit by fictitious miracles, said to be wrought at the tomb of the abbe Paris. The study of philosophy is placed on a new footing in Germany, by Leibnitz and Wolff; and their methoa of demonstration is transferred by some divines to theology. Christopher Matthew Pfaff, a very learned and respectable divine, forms a plan of reconciliation and union between the Lutheran and Reformed churches; the execution of which, however, is prevented by bigotry and party spirit. Sacheverel, an incen diary, who inveighs against civil and religious liberty, is impeached and censured. Lady Moyer founds a lecture for the defence of the Trinity. Dr. Bampton also establishes a lecture at Oxford, for the general defence of Christianity. The Protestant religion, and the blessings of civil liberty, are established in Great Britain by the accession of the house of Brunswick-Lunenburg to the throne. An attempt is made to assassinate Louis XV. by Damien, who is supposed (but not on sufficient grounds) to have been instigated by the Jesuits to that nefarious act. Louis suppresses the order of Jesuits in France, shuts their schools, and confiscates their revenues, in the year 1764. The kings of Portugal and Spain banish all Jesuits from their dominions. Pope Clement XIV. dissolves the order in 1773. A revolution breaks out in France in 1789; and, in its progress, the Gallican church is nearly annihilated; but Bonaparte restores catholicism. Pope Pius VI. is deposed by the French, and dies in exile, in 1799.

PROFANE AUTHORS.

Sir Isaac Newton. J. Flamsteed. J. Keill. Maclaurin. Bradley. Dr. Clarke. Dr. Bentley. Bishop Hare. Addison. Pope. Gay. Prior. Dr. Swift. Sir R. Steele. Dr. Arbuthnot. Dr. Friend. Dr. Mead. Dr. Woodward. Sir Hans Sloane. Sir Christopher Wren. Dr. Halley. Dr. Hutcheson, the metaphysician. Dr. Middleton. Dr. Berkeley, bishop of Cloyne. The lords Shaftsbury and Bolingbroke. Congreve. Wycherly. Sir John Vanbrugh. Lord Somers. Mrs. Cockburn. Nicholas and Thomas Rowe. Mrs. Rowe. Thompson. Dr. Young. Akenside. Armstrong. Collins. Gray. Lord Lyttleton. Glover. Goldsmith. Churchill. Cowper. Burns. Foote. Colman. The earl of Chesterfield. Horace, earl of Oxford. Sir William Blackstone. Hume. Robertson. Stuart. Gibbon. Burnet, or lord_Monboddo. Home, or lord Kames. Sir William Jones. Harris. Dr. Johnson. Adam Smith. Burke. Richardson. Fielding. Smollett. Dr. Moore. Dr. William Hunter. John Hunter. Pott. Dr. Heberden. Sir John Pringle. Dr. Cullen. Dr. Brown. Dr. Darwin. Dr. Black. Stephen Hales. Henry Cavendish. Dr. Priestley. French Authors:-Malebranche. B. Lany. Lemery. Fenelon. Sauveur. P. de la Hire. Flechier. Le Vassor. J. F. Simon. Isaac de Larrey. J. F. Felibien. Andrew and Anne Dacier. Claudius and William de l'Isle. Renaudot. Tarteron. Huet. J. le Long. Boulainvilliers. Louis and John Boivin. Rapin de Thoyras. James Basnage. J. and P. L. Savary. Louis de Sacy. Du Resnel. N. L. de la Caille. B. de la Monnoye. The abbe Fraguier. Gabriel Daniel. G. J. du Verney. Valincourt. Geoffroy. De la Mothe. Joachim le Grand. Sanadon. Dumon. Vertot. Catrou. Rouille. Beausobre. The abbe de la Bleterie. Niceron. De la Barre. Melon. De la Croze. Vanier. Montfaucon. Rollin. Longuerue. Banier. Cardinal Polignac. J. J. Rousseau. Du-Bois. Brumoy. Velley. Villaret. Bourget. Bignon. Goguet. Abbe de St. Pierre. Fontenelle. Du-Halde. De Moivre. Bougeant. Folard. Marquis de Puy-Segur. M. D'Argens. Abbe Des-Fountaines.. Freret. Le Sage. The Fourmonts. Montesquieu. Mongault. Gabrielle du Chastelet. Des-Touches. Terrason. Caylus. Casp. de Real. Crevier. Marmontel. Reaumur. Du-Hamel. Le Gendre. Morabin. Helvetius. Maupertius. CondilJac. D'Alembert. Voltaire. The Crebillons. Diderot. Condorcet. Clairault. Buffon. Lavosier. Bailly. Mirabeau. Italian Authors:-Poli. Magliabechi. Musitani. Battaglini. Gravina. Lancisi. Buonanni. Zanicheli. Fontanini. Micheli. Manfredi. Giannone. Muratori. Zeno. Maffei. Cardinals Quirini and Passionei. Buonamici. Cassini. Beccaria. Spalanzani. Metastasio. Swiss Writers:-D. and J. le Clerc. Konig. Burlamaqui. Schenchzer. Crousaz. The Bernouillis. Euler. De Saussure. De Luc. Haller. Mallet. Sol. Gesner. German Authors:-Leibnitz. Wolff. Krosig. Kuster. Moller. J. A. Schmidt. Eccard. Mencke. Hubner. J. A. Fabricius. Neumann. Heineccius. C. Wormius. Keysler. Doppelmaier. Reiske. Werner. Pallas. Zimmermann. Herder. Gellert. Mendelsohn. Klopstock. Muller. Dutch Writers:-Adrian Reland. J. F. Gronovius. Cuper. Perizonius. Nieuwentyt. Noodt. Hartsoeker. Bynkershoek. Boerhaave. W. J. Gravesande. Schultens. Van

Loon. Muschenbroek. Wesseling. Havercamp. Hemsterhuis. Nieuland. Russian Writers:-Prince Cherbatoff. Lomonosoff. Sumorokoff. Danish and Swedish Authors:-Baron Holberg. Fabricius. C. von Linne, or Linnæus. Sir Torbern Bergman. Scheele.

CENTURY XIX.

SOVEREIGN PRINCES.

Emperor of Germany or of Austria:-A. D.-Francis II. Kings of Spain:-Charles IV. is deposed by Napoleon, 1808. Ferdinand VII. succeeds; but he is inveighled into France. Joseph Bonaparte usurps the throne, and reigns over a part of the kingdom, while the other parts are ruled by a council of state and the Cortes. In 1814, Ferdinand was liberated by the tyrant, and restored; and he still [in 1826] rules over a reluctant nation. Sovereigns of Portugal:-Maria, 1816. John VI., 1826. Sovereigns of France:-Bonaparte or the emperor Napoleon, reigned until the year 1814: he was then deposed and banished. In 1815, he regained his power, but lost it before the end of the year. Louis XVIII., 1824. Charles X. King of Holland:-Louis Bonaparte, from 1806 to 1810. King of the Netherlands:-William VI. prince of Orange. King of Prussia:-Frederic V. or Frederic William III. Kings of Bavaria:-Maximilian, 1824. Charles Louis. King of Sarony:-Frederic Augustus. Kings of Wurtemberg:-Frederic William, 1817. His son. King of Hanover:-George Augustus, also king of Great Britain. Kings of Sweden:-Gustavus IV. deposed in 1809. Charles XIII., 1818. Charles XIV. Kings of Denmark-Christiern VII., 1808. Frederic VI. Emperors of Russia:-Paul, murdered in 1801. Alexander, 1825. Nicolas. Emperors of Turkey:Selim III. dethroned in 1807. Mustapha IV. deposed in 1808. Mahmoud II. Kings of Naples and Sicily:Ferdinand IV., 1824. Francis. Kings of Sardinia:-Charles Emanuel II. resigned, 1802. Victor III. resigned, 1821. Charles Felix.

POPES, OR BISHOPS OF ROME.

Pius VII., 1823. Leo XII.

ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.

Dr. John Moore, 1805. Dr. Charles Manners Sutton.

ECCLESIASTICAL AND THEOLOGICAL WRITERS.

Dr. Richard Watson, bishop of Llandaff. Dr. George Horne, bishop of Norwich. Dr. Joseph White. Dr. Joshua Toulmin.

SECTARIES.

Joanna Southcott. The baroness von Krudener.

REMARKABLE EVENTS IN THE CHURCH.

Napoleon concludes a treaty with the pope, in 1801, for the adjustment of the religious concerns of France. The French seize the pope's territories, confine his holiness, and leave him only a shadow of power. In 1809, by the new constitution of Sweden, a full religious toleration is allowed. Recovering his authority in 1814, the pope annuls the French regulations at Rome, re-establishes the monastic orders, and revives the Society of Jesuits. By the union of the Austrian Netherlands with Holland, in 1814, the catholics lose their sway in the former country. In several of the German states, the Lutherans and Calvinists, in 1817 and 1818, enter into a union. In 1817, Louis XVIII. concludes a concordat with the pope. The year 1825 is marked, at Rome, by the solemnity of a Jubilee.

PROFANE AUTHORS.

Richard Porson, Greek professor at Cambridge. Lord Byron. Elizabeth Carter. Anna Seward. Dr. Erasmus Darwin. Dr. James Beattie. Richard Cumberland. Richard Brinsley Sheridan. John Horne Tooke. John Walcot. French Writers:-Madame de Stael. Madame Cottin. German Authors:-Klopstock. Schiller. Wieland. Kotzebue.

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