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CENTURY V.

SOVEREIGN PRINCES.

Emperors of the West:-A. D.-Honorius, 423. Valentinian III., 455. Maximus, 455. Avitus, 456. Majorianus, 461. Severus, 465. Anthemius, 472. Olybrius, 472. Glycerius, deposed in 474. Julius Nepos, deposed in 475. Romulus Augustulus, who reigned till the 23d of August, when Odoacer took the title of king of Italy, and put an end to the western empire. Kings of Italy:-Odoacer, 493. Theodoric. Emperors of the East:-Arcadius, 408. Theodosius II., 450. Marcianus, 457. Leo I., 474. Leo II., 474. Zeno Isaur, 491. Anastasius. Gothic Kings of Spain:-Alaric, 411. Ataulphus, 415. Sigeric, 415. Vallia, 420. Theodoric, 451. Thorismond, 452. Theodoric II., 466. Euric, 484. Alaric II. Kings of France:-Pharamond, first king, 420. Clodion, 451. Meroveus, 456. Childeric, 481. Clovis I. The Kings of the Vandals in Africa, where they settled in the year 429. Genseric, 466. Huneric, 484. Gontamond, 496. Thrasamond. Kings of England:-Vortigern. Kingdom of Kent founded by Hengist the Saxon, in 457, and that of Sussex by Ella, in 499.

POPES, OR BISHOPS OF ROME.

Anastasius, 402. Innocent, 417. Zosimus, 418. Boniface I., 423. A schism between this pope and Eulalius. Celestine I., 432. Sixtus III., 440. Leo the Great, 461. Hilarius, 467. Simplicius, 483. Felix III., 492. Gelasius, 496. Anastasius II., 498. Symmachus I. A schism between him and Laurentius.

ECCLESIASTICAL AND THEOLOGICAL WRITERS.

Gaudentius, bishop of Bresse. Sulpicius Severus. Palladius. Heraclides. Innocentius. Polybius. Pelagius. Celestius. Theodore, bishop of Mopsuesta. Polychronius. Nonnus. Synesius. Isidore of Pelusium. Cyril of Alexandria. Orosius. Marius Mercator. Maximus, bishop of Turin. Theodoret. Cas

sian.

Peter Chrysologus. Hilarius. Philostorgius. Vincent of Lerins. Socrates. Sozomenes. Leo the Great. Prosper. Idacius. Basil. Seleucus. Arnobius the Younger. Claudian Mamertus. Faustus. Felix, the Roman pontiff. Vigilius Tapsensis, supposed by some learned men to have been the author of what is commonly called the Athanasian Creed. Victor the African. Gennadius. Zosimus. Prosper. Sidonius Apollinar. Eneas Gaza.

HERETICS, REAL OR REPUTED.

Vigilantius. Pelagius, Cœlestius, Julian, authors of what is called the Pelagian Heresy. John Cassian Faustus. Gennadius, Vincent of Lerins, Semi-Pelagians. Nestorius. Theodoret. Theodore of Tarsus. Theodore of Mopsus. Nestorians. Eutyches. Dioscorus. The Acephali.-Monophysites.-Jacobites.-Armenians.-Theopaschites.-Predestinarians.-Cœlicola. Peter, the Fuller. Xenaias,

REMARKABLE EVENTS.

Foundation of the French monarchy by Pharamond, or rather by Clovis. An earthquake swallows up several cities in Palestine. A third General Council held at Ephesus, at which Nestorius was deposed, in the year 431. A fourth General Council held at Chalcedon against Eutyches in the year 451. Progress of Christianity among the Franks and Germans. The conversion of the Irish to the Christian faith attempted in vain by Palladius, but effected by St. Patrick, whose original name was Succathus, who arrived in Ireland in the year 432. Terrible persecutions carried on against the Christians in Britain, by the Picts, Scots, and Anglo-Saxons,-in Spain, Gaul, and Africa, by the Vandals-in Italy and Pannonia, by the Visigothsin Africa, by the Donatists and Circumcellians-in Persia, by Isdegerdes-beside the particular persecu tions carried on alternately against the Arians and Athanasians. The extinction of the western empire. The Theodosian Code drawn up. The city of Venice founded by the inhabitants of the adjacent coast, who fled from the incursions of the Barbarians. Felix III. bishop of Rome (whom Bower and others look upon as the second pope of that name) is excommunicated, and his name struck out of the diptychs, or sacred registers, by Acacius, bishop of Constantinople. Many ridiculous fables are invented during this century; such as the story of the vial of oil, brought from heaven by a pigeon at the baptism of Clovis-the vision of Attila, &c.

PROFANE AUTHORS.

Anienus. Martianus Capella. Claudian. Eunapins. Macrobius. Olympiodorus. Orosius. Peutinger. Rutilius Claudius. Numantianus. Servius Honoratus. Sidonius Apollinaris. Candidus, the Isaurian. Zosimus the historian. Idacius. Quintus, or Cointus. Priscus. Museus. Proclus. Simplicius.

CENTURY. VI.

SOVEREIGN PRINCES.

Kings of Italy:-A. D.-Theodoric, 526. Athalaric, 534. Amalasuntha, 534. Theodatus, 536. Vitiges, 540. Idebald, 541. Totila, 553. Teias, 554. Emperors of the East:-Anastasius, 518. Justin I., 527. Justinian, 565. Justin II., 578. Tiberius II., 586. Mauritius. Gothic Kings of Spain:-Alarie, 507. Gesalric, 512. Amalaric, 531. Theudis, 548. Theodegesil, 548. Agila, 552. Athanagilda, 567. Leuva, 568. Leuvigild, 585. Recared. These princes were masters also of Narbonne and Aquitaine. Kings of England-The third Saxon kingdom is founded in England by Cerdic, in 519, and is called the kingdom of the West Saxons. The fourth, or that of the East Saxons, by Erchenwin, in 527. The fifth, that of Northumberland, by Ida, in 547. The sixth, that of the East Angles, by Uffa, in 573. The seventh, that of Mercia, by Crida, in 585. Thus was successively formed the Saxon Heptarchy. Kings of France:-Clovis I.. 511. The kingdom is divided among his four sons, viz. Thierry, Metz, 534. Clodomir, Orleans, 534. Childebert, Paris, 558. Clotaire, Soisons, 562. A second division of the kingdom among the four sons of Clotaire I. viz. Cherebert, Paris, 566. Gontran, Orleans, 593. Chilperic, Soissons, 584. Sigebert, Metz, 575. Kings of the Vandals in Africa:-Thrasamond, 523. Hilderic, 530. Gilimer, defeated and taken prisoner by Belisarius, in the year 534. By this event Africa became again subject to the Emperors of the East. Kings of the Lombards, who entered Italy in the year 568. Alboinus, 571. Clephis, 573. Antharis, 590. Agilulph. Exarchs of Ravenna:-Lingonus. 583. Smaragdus, 588. Romanus, 598. Callinicus.

POPES, OR BISHOPS OF ROME.

Symmachus, 514. Hormisdas, 523. John I., 526. Felix IV., 529. Boniface II., 531. A schism between Boniface and Dioscorus. John II., 535. Agapetus I., 536. Sylverius, 540. A schism between Sylverius and Vigilius. Vigilius, 555. Pelagius I., 558. John III., 572. Benedict I., 577. Pelagius II., 590. Gre gory I.

ECCLESIASTICAL AND THEOLOGICAL WRITERS.

Cæsarius, bishop of Arles. Fulgentius, bishop of Ruspa. Boethius. Timothy of Constantinople. Emo dius. Severus. Cassiodorus. Procopius. Peter, the deacon. Maxentius, a Scythian monk. Dionysiu, the Little. Fulgentius Ferrandus. Marcellinus. Zachary, the schoolinan. Hesychius. Facundus He mian. Pope Vigilius. Rusticus, a Roman deacon. Junilius. Victor of Capua. Primasius. Jornandes Liberatus. Victor, the African. Venantius Fortunatus. Anastasius of Mount Sinai, afterwards bishop of Antioch. John, the schoolman. Cosmas. Gildas. Leander. John of Constantinople. Columbanus. Leontius Byzant. Leontius of Cyprus. Gregory the Great. Isidore of Seville. Lucius Carinus. Proclus Diadochus.

HERETICS.

Deuterius. Severus, leader of the Acephali. Themistius, chief of the Agnoites, who maintained that Christ was ignorant of the day of judgment. Barsanians, or Semidulites, who maintained that Christ had suffered only in appearance. Jacob Zanzale, the chief of the Jacobites, or Monophysites. John Philopomus, the chief of the Tritheites. Damianists. Origenists. Corrupticolæ. Accemete. The Arians Nestorians, Eutychians, and Pelagians, continued to raise troubles in the church.

REMARKABLE EVENTS.

Several nations converted to Christianity. The canon of the mass established by Gregory the Great. The Benedictine Order founded. Forty Benedictine monks, with Augustine at their head, are sent into Britain by Gregory the Great, in the year 596; who convert Ethelbert, king of Kent, to the Christian faith. The Ostrogothic kingdom is destroyed by Justinian, who becomes master of Italy. The Lombards invade Italy in the year 568, and erect a new kingdom at Ticinum. The Christians are persecuted in several places. The orthodox are oppressed by the emperor Anastasius, Thrasamond, king of the Vandals, Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, &c. Female convents are greatly multiplied in this century. Litanies introduced into the church of France. The Arians are driven out. Superstition of the Stylites introduced by Simeon, the head of that crazy sect, who spent his life on the top of a pillar, and foolishly imagined, that he would, by this trick, render himself agreeable to the Deity. The Romish writers say, he chose this lofty habitation (for the pillar was 36 cubits high) to avoid the multitude which crowded about him to see his miracles. The Christian æra is formed in this century by Dionysius the Little, who first began to reckon the course of time from the birth of Christ. The Justinian code, Pandect, Institutions, and Novels, collected and formed into a body. Antioch, that was destroyed by an earthquake, is rebuilt by Justinian. The fifth general council assembled at Constantinople in the year 553, under Justinian I. in which the Origenists and the Three Chapters were condemned.

LEARNED MEN, HISTORIANS, PHILOSOPHERS, AND POETS.

Justinian Boethius. Trebonian. Agathias, who continued the history composed by Procopius. Jornandes. Gregory of Tours. Marius, bishop of Avranches, an eminent historian. Menander, the historian. Stephen of Byzantium. Magn. Aurelius Cassiodorus. Dionysius the Little.

CENTURY VII.

SOVEREIGN PRINCES.

Emperors of the East:-A. D.-Mauritius, 602. Phocas, 610. Heraclius, 641. Constantine III., 641. Heraclianus, 642. Constans II., 668. Constantine IV., 685. Leontius, 698. Tiberius III., 703. Justinian II. Kings of the Goths in Spain:-Victeric. Gondemar. Sisebut, 621. Recared II., 621. Suinthila, 631. Sizenand, 636. Chintila, 640. Tulga, 642. Chindasuinthe, 649. Recesuinthe, 672. Vamba, 680. Ervige, 687. Egica. Kings of France:-Clotaire II., 628. Dagobert, 638. Sigebert II., 654. Clovis, 660. Clotaire III., 668. Childeric II., 673. Dagobert II., 679. Theodoric, 690. Clovis III., 695. Childebert III. The race of the weak kings begins with Theodoric III. and ends with Childeric III. England:-The Heptarchy. Kings of the Lombards in Italy:-Agilulph, 616. Adaloaldus, 626. Ariovaldus, 638. Rotharis, 653. Rodoald, 656. Aripert, 662. Gondipert, 662. Grimoald, 673. Garibald, 673. Bertharit, 689. Cunipert, 706. Exarchs of Ravenna:-Smaragdus, 610. John, 615. Eleutherius, 617. Isaac, 648. Theodore Calliopa, 649. Olym pius, 650. Theodore Calliopa II., 686. Theodore, 687. John. Plato, 702.

POPES, OR BISHOPS OF ROME.

Boniface IV., 614.
Theodore I., 648.
Agatho I., 682.

Deodatus, 617. Boniface V.,
Martin I., 655. Eugenius
Leo II., 684. Benedict II.,

Gregory I., 604. Sabinianus, 605. Boniface III., 606. 625. Honorius I., 630. Severinus I., 639. John IV., 641. I., 656. Vitalianus, 671. Adeodatus, 676. Domnus, 678. 685. John V., 686. Conon, 687. Sergius I., 701. A schism occasioned by the pretensions of Theodore and Paschal.

ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.

Augustine, first archbishop of Canterbury, was nominated to that high office in the year 597 by Gregory the Great, bishop of Rome, with the consent of Ethelbert, king of Kent: he died in the year 611, or, as some say, in 605. Laurence, 619. Melletus, 624. Justus, 634. Honorius, 653. Adeodatus, 664. Theodore, 690. Brithwald.

ECCLESIASTICAL AND THEOLOGICAL WRITERS.

John Philonus. John Malela. Hesychius of Jerusalem. Theophylact. Simocatta. Antiochus. Modestus. Cyrus of Alexandria. Jonas. Gallus. John Moschus. Andreas Damascenus. George Pisides. Eligius. The two Theodores. Paulus. The emperor Heraclius. Maximus Confucius. Theodore the monk. The emperor Constans II. Martin, bishop of Rome. Maurus of Ravenna. Anastasius, a monka Roman presb. Fructuosus. Peter, metropolitan of Nicomedia. Julian Pomerius. Agatho. John of Thessalonica. Cresconius. Ildefonsus. Marculph. John Climachus. Fortunatus Venant. Isidore of Seville, who composed Commentaries on the Historical Books of the Old Testament, and is acknowledged to have been the principal author of the famous Mosarabic Liturgy, which is the ancient Liturgy of Spain. Dorotheus. Sophronius, bishop of Jerusalem.

HERETICS, REAL OR REPUTED.

The ancient heresies were still in vigour during this century; to these were added the sects of the Paulicians and Monothelites.

REMARKABLE EVENTS.

An extraordinary progress is made in the conversion of the English. The archbishoprics of London and York are founded, with 12 bishoprics under the jurisdiction of each. The archbishopric of London is translated to Canterbury. The Gospel is propagated with success in Holland, Friseland and Germany. The schism, between the Greek and Latin churches, commences in this century. The rise of Mohammed, and the rapid progress of his religion, which is propagated by fire and sword. The Mohammedan æra, called the Hegira, commences with the year of Christ 622. The destruction of the Persian monarchy under the reign of Isdegerdes III. Boniface IV. receives from that odious tyrant Phocas (who was the great patron of the popes and the chief promoters of their grandeur) the famous Pantheon, which is converted into a church. Here Cybele was succeeded by the Virgin Mary, and the Pagan deities by Christian martyrs. Idolatry still subsisted; but the objects of it were changed. Ina, king of the West Saxons, resigns his crown, and assumes the monastic habit in a convent at Rome. During the Heptarchy, many Saxon kings took the same religious turn. Pope Agatho discontinued the payment of the tribute which the see of Rome had been accustomed to pay the emperor at the election of its pontiff The Sixth General council is held at Constantinople, under Constantine Pogonatus, against the Monothelites, in the year 680. The Seventh, which is looked upon by some as a kind of supplement to this, was held in the Trullus, under Justinian II. in the year 692, and is called Quinisextum.

PROFANE AUTHORS.

The author of the Alexandrian Chronicle. Isidore of Seville, who, beside his theological productions, composed a History of the Goths and Vandals, and a work entitled Etymologicon Scientiarum, in which he gives an account of the origin and nature of the different sciences. In this century commenced that long period of ignorance and darkness which remained until the light of the Reformation arose.

CENTURY VIII.

SOVEREIGN PRINCES.

Emperors of the East:-A. D-Justinian II., 711. Philippicus, 713. Anastasius II., 714. Theodosius III., 716. Leo III. Isaur, 741. Constantine V. Copron, 775. Leo IV., 780. Constantine VI. Porphyr, 797. Irene. Kings of the Visigoths in Spain:-Egica, 701. Vitiza, 710. Roderic, the last king of the Goths, 713. Kings of Leon and the Asturias:-Pelagius, 737. Favila, 739. Alphonso, 757. Froila, 768. Aurelio, 774. Silo, 783. Mauregato, 789. Veremond, 791. Alphonso II. Kings of France:-Childebert III., 711. Dagobert III., 715. Chilperic II., 720. Theodoric IV., 736. Interregnum, from the year 737 to 743, during which time Carloman and Pepin, sons of Charles Martel, govern without the regal title. Childeric III. dethroned in 750. The last king of the first race. Second race:-Pepin, 768. Charlemagne. England:-The Heptarchy. Kings of the Lombards in Italy:-Luitpert, 704. Ragombert, 704. Aripert, 712. Ansprand, 712. Luitprand, 744. Rachis, 750. Aistulphus, 756. Desiderius, 773. The kingdom of the Lombards, which subsisted during the space of 206 years, was overturned by Charlemagne, who, having defeated Desiderius, caused himself to be crowned king of the Lombards, in the year 774. Exarchs of Ravenna:-Theophylact, 710. Jo. Procopius, 712. Paul, 729. Eutychius, 752. The Exarchate subsisted during the space of 185 years. It ended in the reign of Aistulphus, king of the Lombards, who reduced Ravenna, and added it to his dominions. But this prince was obliged by Pepin, king of France, to surrender the Exarchate, with all its territories, castles, &c. to be for ever held by Stephen III. and his successors in the see of Rome. This is the true foundation of the temporal grandeur of the popes.

POPES, OR BISHOPS OF ROME.

John VI., 705. John VII., 707. Sisinius, 708. Constantine, 714. Gregory II., 731. Gregory III., 741. Zachary, 752. Stephen II., 752. Stephen III., 757. Paul, 767. A schism between Paul and Theophylact. Stephen IV., 772. A schism between Constantine, Philip, and Stephen IV. Adrian, 797. Leo III.

ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.

Brithwald, 731. Tatwin, 734. Nothelm, 741. Cuthbert, 758. Bregwin, 762. Lambert, 790. Athelard.

tus.

ECCLESIASTICAL AND THEOLOGICAL WRITERS.

Venerable Bede. John Damascenus. The anonymous author of a Book entitled, Ordo Romanus de Divinis Officiis, published in the Bibl. Patr. Charlemagne: see the Capitularia, published by Baluze at Paris, in 1677, and the Codex Carolinus, published at Ingolstadt, in 1634, by Gretzer. Ambrosius AuthperThe popes Gregory I. Gregory II. and Adrian. Paul the Lombard. Paulinus, bishop of Aquileia. Alcuin, a native of England, and one of the principal instruments employed by Charlemagne for the restoration of learning. He is considered by M. Du-Pin as the person that first introduced polite literature into France; and it is to him that the universities of Paris, Tours, Soissons, &c. owe their origin. Felix, archbishop of Ravenna. Germanus, bishop of Constantinople. The unknown author of a book entitled, Li- · ber Diurnus Pontificum Romanorum. Egbert, Archbishop of York. Bartholomew, a monk of Edessa, who refuted the Koran. Boniface, archbishop of Mentz, commonly called the Apostle of Germany. Anastasius, abbot in Palestine. Theophanes Aldhelm, bishop of Sherborne, under the heptarchy, and nephew to Ina, king of the West Saxons.

HERETICS, REAL OR REPUTED.

The Eutychians, Monothelites, and Jacobites, continue to propagate their doctrines. The Paulo-Johannists, who were so called from their leaders Paul and John, and embraced the pernicious errors of Valentine and Manes. The Agonoclites, a wrong headed set of people who prayed dancing. Adelbert. Felix, bishop of Urgel. Elipand, bishop of Toledo. Leo, the Isaurian, who destroyed the images in the churches, and was the chief of the Iconoclastes; and Clement, who preferred the decisions of Scripture to the decrees of councils; are reputed heretics by the church of Rome. Virgilius was also accused of heresy, by pope Zacharry, because he was a good mathematician, and believed the existence of Antipodes. Those who promoted the worship of images and relics in this century deserve much more justly the denomination of Heretics.

REMARKABLE EVENTS, AND RELIGIOUS RITES.

Rapid progrs of the Saracens in Asia and Africa. The subversion of the kingdom of the Lombards and of the exarchate of Ravenna, the latter of which is granted to the see of Rome, by Pepin, king of France. Charlemagne adds to the grant of Pepin several provinces, though the titles and acts of this grant have not been produced by the Roman Catholic historians. The ceremony of kissing the pope's toe introduced. The Saxous, with Witekind, their monarch, converted to Christianity. The Christians persecuted by the Saracens, who massacred five hundred monks in the abbey of Lerins. The Saracens take possession of Spain. Controversy between the Greek and Latin churches, concerning the Holy Ghost's proceeding from the Son. The Germans converted by Boniface. The Gospel propagated in Hyrcania and Tartary. The right of election to the see of Rome conferred upon Charlemagne and his successors by pope Adrian, in a council of bishops assembled at Roine. The worship of images authorised by the second council of Nice.

in the year 787, which is improperly called the seventh general council. The reading of the epistles and gospels introduced into the service of the church. Solitary or private masses instituted. Churches built in honour of saints. Masses for the dead. Willebrod sent to convert the Frisons; he was the first bishop of Utrecht.

PROFANE AUTHORS.

Alcuin-see page 432. Bede. Fredegarius. John Damascenus. George Syncellus. Virgilius.

CENTURY IX.

SOVEREIGN PRINCES.

Emperors of the East:-A. D-Irene, 802. Nicephorus, 811. Stauratius, 811. Michael Curopolites, 813. Leo Armen., 820. Michael Balb., 829. Theophilus, 842. Michael III., 867. Basil I. Macedo, 886. Leo VI. Philos. Emperors of the West:-The western empire was restored in the year 800, in favour of Charlemagne, who died in 814. Louis, the Debonnaire, 840. Lothaire, 855. Louis II., 875. Charles 11. surnamed the Bald, 877. Louis III., 879. Carloman, 880. Charles III. deposed, 887. After the death of this prince, (who was the last king of France that was emperor) Germany and Italy were entirely separated from the French monarchy. Arnolph, 899. Louis IV. Kings of Spain, i. e. of Leon and the Asturias:-Alphonso the Chaste, 824. Ramiro, 851. Ordogno, 862. Alphonso III. Kings of France:-Charlemagne, 814. Louis the Debonnaire, 840. Charles the Bald, 877. Louis III., 879. Carloman, 884. Charles III., 888. Eudes, 889. Charles the Simple. Kings of England:-The Heptarchy finished by the union of the seven kingdoms under the government of Egbert. Egbert, 836. Ethelwolf, 857. Ethelbald, 860. Ethelbert, 866. Ethelred I., 871. Alfred the Great, 901. Kings of Scotland:-The history of Scotland is divided into four great periods. The first, which commences with Fergus I. 330 years before Christ, and contains a series of 68 kings, ending with Alpinus, in the year 823, is looked upon as entirely fabulous. We shall therefore begin this chronological list with the second period, which commences with Kenneth II. Kenneth II., 854. Donald V., 858. Constantine II., 874. Ethus, 875. Gregory, 893. Donald VI. Kings of Sweden:-The origin of this kingdom is covered with uncertainty and fables. Some historians reckon 36 kings before Biorno III., but it is with this prince that chronologers generally begin their series. Biorno III., 824. Brantamond, 827. Sivard, 842. Heroth, 856. Charles VI., 868. Biorno IV., 883. Ingo, or Ingeld, 891.

POPES, OR BISHOPS OF ROME.

Leo III., 816. Stephen V., 817. Paschal I., 824. Eugenius II., 827. A schism between Eugenius II. and Zizinnus. Valentine, 827. Gregory IV., 844. Sergius II., 847. Leo IV., 855. Pope Joan Bened. III., 858. A schism between Benedict and Anastasius. Nicolas I., 867. Adrian II., 872. John VIII., 882. Marimus I., 884. Adrian III., 885. Formosus, 897. A schism between him and Sergius. Boniface VI., 897. Stephen VII., 901. A schism between Stephen VII. John IX. Romanus I. and II. and Theodore III.

ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.

Athelard, 806. Wulfred, 830. Theogild, 830. Celnoth, 871. Ethelred, 889. Plegmund.

ECCLESIASTICAL AND THEOLOGICAL WRITERS.

Nicephorus, patriarch of Constantinople. Amalarius, bishop of Treves. Theodore Studita. Agobard, archbishop of Lyons. Eginhard. Claudius. Clement, bishop of Turin. Jonas, bishop of Orleans. Freculph, bishop of Lysieux. Moses Barcepha. Phocius, patriarch of Constantinople. Theod. Abucara. Petrus Siculus. Nicetas David. Rabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mentz. Hilduin. Servatus Lupus. Drepanius Florus. Druthmar. Godeschalcus. Paschasius Radbert, the chief of the Transubstantiarians. Bertram or Ratram of Corby, who refuted the monstrous errors of Radbert, and was at the head of those who denied the corporal presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Haymo, bishop of Halberstadt. Walafridus Strabo. Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims. John Scot Erigena. Ansegisus. Florus, the deacon. Prudens, bishop of Troyes. Remy of Lyons. Nicolas. Adrian. John VIII. Pope. Anastasius, Bibl. Auxilius. Theodulph, bishop of Orleans. Smaragdus. Aldric, bishop of Mans. Ado of Vienna. Isidore Mercator, author of the False Decretals. Jesse, bishop of Amiens. Dungale. Halitgaire, bishop of Cambray. Amulo, archbishop of Lyons. Vandalbert. Angelome. Epiphanes, archbishop of Constantia, in the island of Cyprus. Regino. Abbo. William, the librarian. Pope Formnosus. Pope Stephen. Methodus, who invented the Sclavonian characters, and made a translation of the Bible for the Bulgarians, which was used by the Russians. Alfred the Great, king of England, composed a Saxon Paraphrase on the Ecclesiastical History of Bede, a Saxon Version of Orosius, and a Saxon Psalter. The emperor Basil Maced. The emperor Leo, surnamed the Wise.

HERETICS, REAL OR REPUTED.

Paulicians, a branch of the Manicheans. Iconoclastes. Iconolatræ, or image worshippers. Prædestinarians. Adoptians. Transubstantiarians. Clement, bishop of Turin, who followed the sentiments of Felix of Urgel.

VOL. II.-55

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