cious manuscripts of the Archivio Gonzaga give us a faithful picture of a period that must be for ever memorable in the history of the human race. And they reveal, with a fulness that leaves nothing to be desired, the character of a woman who was in a remarkable degree typical of the age in which she lived. Both in her faults and in her virtues, in her noble aims and generous ambitions, in the doubtful methods by which she strove to attain her ends, and in her easy toleration of vice and falsehood, Isabella d'Este was the child of her times. She did not share the mystical tendencies of her kinswomen, Vittoria Colonna and Renée de France; she belonged rather to the earlier generation, which took the facts of life more simply, and accepted the faith of the Church without questioning, if without enthusiasm. But a strong sense of duty, a passionate devotion to home and kindred governed her actions, and kept her in the right way. Her nature was singularly complete and well-balanced, and it may be said with truth that she saw life steadily, and saw it whole. In her radiant vitality and keen enjoyment of living, in her worship of beauty and wide culture, in her serene temper and stainless purity, this great-souled lady remains for us the noblest and most perfect type of the Italian women of the Renaissance.
POSTSCRIPT.-Whilst these pages were going to press the missing portrait of Federico Gonzaga, painted by Francia in July 1510, when he was a boy of ten, has most unexpectedly come to light, and was exhibited at the Burlington Fine Arts Club in 1903. This picture, which Mr. Herbert Cook was the first to identify (see Athenæum, February 7, 1903), is the property of
1 As described in vol. i. p. 380.
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Mr. A. W. Leatham, whose father purchased it from the Napoleon Collection. It is in remarkably good preservation, and there can be no doubt that it is the work of Francia. Isabella's son is represented holding a dagger in his hand, and wearing a black doublet over a white frilled chemisette, and a black cap set jauntily on one side of his head, with a red riband fastened with the same carved gold medallion-perhaps Caradosso's work-which he wore when Raphael painted his portrait two years later in Rome. The brown eyes and bright, intelligent face bear a marked likeness to his mother, and the long fair hair has evidently been darkened, as was done, we know, at the Marchesa's request, and still shows traces of the original blond hue underneath. The graceful landscape background is in Francia's usual style; the lights in the foliage are heightened with gold, and the want of elaboration in the details bears witness to the amazing rapidity with which the portrait was painted. We are reminded of Isabella's words to Casio: "It could not be better or more like him than it is, and I marvel that in so short a time the master could do so excellent a thing, but it is clear that he wished to show all the perfections of his art." The long-lost portrait, we know, left Mantua a year and a half later, and probably remained at Ferrara until it was brought to France among Napoleon's spoils. By a strange coincidence it has been recovered, at the end of four hundred years, only a few months after Titian's portrait of Isabella herself has once more been brought to light.
ACCOLTI, Bernardo, ii. 10. See Aretino
Accolti, Pietro, created Cardinal, ii.
110
Acerra, Isabella del Balzo, Countess
of, i. 91. See Balzo
Adorno, Governor of Genoa, i. 64;
portrait of, ii. 283
Adria, Bishop of, i. 194
Adrian VI. elected Pope, ii. 196; sur-
render of the duchy of Urbino,
198; his reforms, 223; unpopu
larity, 223; joins the league
against France, 231; death, 232
Adriana, Madonna, i. 205
Affò, Vita di Luigi Rodomonte, ii.
308 n.
Agnello, Benedetto, on Titian, ii.
327; on his picture of the Mag-
dalen, 328; on the floods, 342
Agnes, Church of St., ii. 59
Agnesina, Madonna, i. 181
Albano, baths of, ii. 344
Albano, Piero, i. 75
Albano, Taddeo, i. 75, 78, 360, 389
Alberi, Relazioni Venete, ii. 125 n.
Alberino, Marcello, on the revels held
on May-day, ii. 246; Diarii, 246 n.
Alberti, Leo Battista, dedication of
his "Treatise on Painting," i. 20;
his architectural designs, 26; at
Mantua, 34
Albret, Charlotte d', her marriage, i.
152; betrothal of her daughter,
227
Aldine Classics, ii. 21
Alexander VI., Pope, presents Fran-
cesco Gonzaga with the golden
rose, i. 137; on the marriage of
his daughter, 192; his illness, 253;
death, 253, 256
Alidosi, Cardinal, ii. 36
Aliprando, ii. 214
Altamura, Pirro, Prince of, i. 47
Alvarez, Grand Marshal Don, ii. 299
Alvisi, Cæsar Borgia, i. 232 n.
Amadori, Alessandro, i. 326
Amboise, Cardinal d', i. 152, 178
Amboise, Charles d', i. 284
Amboise, George d', i. 255
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Andrea, Church of S., i. 26
Andreassi, Osanna dei, the Domini-
can nun, i. 79; prophetic gifts, 79.
See Osanna
Andreassi, Paolo, ii. 327
Angeli, Teodora degli, i. 58
Anichino, his genius for engraving
gems, i. 74
Anjou, Charles of, i. 47
Anspach, i. 29
Antimaco, the Chancellor, i. 127
Apuleius's poem, L'Asino d'Oro, i. 41
Aquapendente, i. 249
Aquila, Messer Sebastiano d', ii. 1
Aragon, Federico of, ex- king of
Naples, i. 235
Aragon, Ferdinand of, in possession
of Southern Italy, i. 263
Aragon, Infanta Giulia of, her be-
trothal, ii. 326, 330; marriage, 351
Aragon, Isabella of, i. 150; ii. 114;
at Mantua, i. 154
Aragon, Tullia of, at Ferrara, ii, 384
Archano, Girolamo, ii. 97
Arco, D', Arch. St. It., i. 166 n., 199
n. ; ii. 75 n., 129 n., 238 n., 321 n.;
Arte e Artefici, i. 158 n., 290 n.,
291 n., 293 n., 328 n., 353 n., 364 n.;
ii. 6 n., 206 n., 230 n., 274 n., 379 n.;
Notizie d'Isabella d'Este, i. 17 n.,
46 n., 236 n., 247 n., 252 n., 271 n.,
272 n., 274 n., 281 n., 314 n.; ii.
115 n., 194 n., 267 n., 344 n.
Aretino, L'Unico, practical joke on,
ii. 10; his vanity, 110; trick upon
him, 111
Aretino, Pietro, ii. 245; portrait of,
283; Lettere, 350 n.; sonnets, 375
Arezzo, surrender of, ii. 295
Argentina, Madonna, i. 279
Ariosto, Messer Lodovico, i. 82, 205;
his elegy on the death of Duchess
Leonora, 103; at Mantua, 293; his
Orlando Furioso, 293, ii. 346; sent |
to appease the Pope, 63; Cassaria,
293; his death, 347
Aristotle, portrait-medal of, ii. 370
Armagh, ii. 177
Armaria, Bernardus del, i. 289
Armellini, Cardinal, at the siege of
Rome, ii. 259
Ars, Mons. Louis d', i. 185; his defeat
at Cerignola, 250
Asola, ii. 27
Asolo, i. 224
Assisi, i. 109, 180
Asti, i. 113; ii. 63, 135
Astorga, Marquis, ii. 299; at the
coronation of Charles V., 313, 315
Astrology, belief in, ii. 33
Atella, surrender of, i. 136
Atri, Jacopo d', Count of Pianella, i.
84; letter to, 91; on the statue to
Virgil, 174; presented with a medal
of Isabella d'Este, ii. 12; on the con-
trast between the Queen of France
and the Italian princesses, 39
Aubigny, Mons. d', at Mantua, i. 112
Augsburg, i. 24
Aura, death of the dog, ii. 55
Aurelio, Zoan, his verses, ii. 29
Austria, Margaret of, ii, 293
Auton, Jean d', i. 296
Auvergne, Madeleine de la Tour d',
ii. 159. See Caterina dei Medici
Avalos, Alfonso d', Marchese del
Vasto, ii. 311. See Vasto
Avignon, ii. 124
BAESSO, Alessandro da, i. 120, 166,
217, 237; ii. 143
Baglioni, Giov., surrender of, i. 246
Bagnolo, treaty concluded at, i. 2
Baldo, Monte, ii. 107
Balzo, Antonia del, i. 282; ii. 94, 134;
her marriage, i. 47; intimacy with
Isabella d'Este, 48; her taste for
French romances, 77; death of her
husband, 140; marriage of her
daughter, ii. 147
Balzo, Isabella del, Countess of
Acerra, i. 91; ii. 306
Bandello, Matteo, i. 135; ii. 135, 140;
at the Dominican convent of Man-
tua, 141; his gift of story-telling,
141; relations with Isabella d'Este
and pictures of the Court, 142–150;
testimonial of his character, 150;
oration in memory of the Marquis
of Mantua, 151; condolences, 152;
Novelle, 203 n., 217 n.; on the evil
influence of Isabella Boschetti, 240
Barbarigo, Agostino, Doge of Venice,
i. 100
Barbaro, Zaccaria, i. 58
Barbo, Messer Paolo, i. 223
Barcelona, entry into, ii. 182; Treaty
of, 293
Bardi, Giovanni dei, on the discovery
of the New World, i. 95
Bari, Duchess of, i. 48. See Beatrice
d'Este
Bari, Francesco, Duke of, popularity
with the Milanese, ii. 93
Barone, the jester, i. 147
Baschet, A., Alde Manuce, ii. 23 n.,
27 n.; Archivio Gonzaga, i. 28 n.,
34 n., 40 n.; Arch. St. It., ii. 245 n.
Bavaria, Margaret of, her marriage,
i. 30; appearance, 30
Bavaria, Philip, Duke of, at the coro-
nation of Charles V., ii. 315
Bavaria, Sigismund, Duke of, i. 100;
marriage of his daughter Margaret,
30
Beccaguto, Alessio, ii. 127
Beccaro, Vittore, i. 390
Belfiore, i. 2
Bellay, Du, French ambassador at
Rome, ii. 255
Bellini, Gentile, i. 100, 341; his por-
traits, 100
Bellini, Giovanni, i. 163, 223; frescoes
in the Council Hall at Venice, 100,
ii. 229; on a map of Paris, i. 107;
commission to paint a picture for
the Grotta, 341; reluctance to
undertake the Storia, 343; refusal
to restore the money, 345, 349;
order for a Nativity, 346; portrait
of Loredano, 349; apology for his
delay, 350; completion of the
Nativity, 351; order for a Storia,
353
Bellini, Jacopo, i. 2, 101, 341
Bello, Francesco, the blind improvi-
satore, i. 11, 47
Belriguardo, i. 12, 265
Beltraffio, i. 150
Belvedere Apollo, ii. 45
Belvedere Palace, ii. 287
Belvedere, villa of, i. 265
Bembo, Pietro, i. 49, 271; ii. 48;
secretary to Pope Leo X., i. 269;
sonnets, 272, 273; at Mantua, 272,
ii. 376; letter to Isabella d'Este, i.
273; his efforts to induce Bellini
to paint a Storia, 354; his Asolani,
ii. 13; on the presence of Isabella
in Rome, 116; his devotion to
Camilla Gonzaga, 247; tribute to
the memory of Elisabetta, 250; on
the ruin of Rome, 270; at Bologna,
Benedetto, Convent of S., ii, 326
Benintendi, Filippo, 1. 279
Bentivoglio, Alessandro, i. 374
Bentivoglio, Count Annibale, i. 57, 71,
112; his marriage, 13
Bentivoglio, Messer Antonio Galeazzo,
i. 372
Bentivoglio, Giovanni, i. 13, 17; his
flight, 284, 292; at Mantua, 292
Bentivoglio, Laura, i. 148; her wed-
ding, 58; on her visit to Lucrezia
Borgia, 214; her death, ii. 232. See
Gonzaga
Bentivoglio, Lucrezia, i. 112, 205
Bentivoglio, Violante, i. 374
Berenson, B., i. 79 n. ; "The Draw-
ings of Mantegna," 162 n.
Bergamo, Fra Damiano da, ii. 320
Bergenroth Calendar, ii. 195 n.
Berghet, G., Fonti Ital. per la Storia
della Scoperta del Nuovo Mondo, i.
96 n.
Beroaldo, Filippo, his verses on the
dog Aura, ii. 56; ode on Federico,
61
Bert, Mons. Philippo, French Am-
bassador, i. 204; entertained by
Isabella D'Este, 209; gifts to the
bride, 211
Bertolotti, A., Arch. St. Lomb., ii. 367
n.; Artisti bolognesi, i. 380 n. ; ii. 2
n., 207 n., 366 n., 370 n.; La Musica
alla Corte dei Gonzaga, i. 10 n.
Bettinelli, Abbot, on the Studio of
the Grotta, i. 159; Delle lettere e d.
arti Mantovani, ii. 274 n.
Bianca, Empress, ii. 66
Bibbiena, Bernardo Dovizi of, on his
illness, ii. 37; on the charms of
Leonora, 37; il bel Bernardo, 49;
on Federico, 49; at the Congress of
Mantua, 65; on the election of Leo
X., 76; created a Cardinal, 78; his
comedy Calandria, 113, 188; letter
to Isabella D'Este, 118-120; on the
death of Castiglione's wife, 187;
his death, 187
Binasco, i. 239
Bisceglia, Alfonso, Duke of, his mar-
riage, i. 187; strangled, 187
Bisignano, Prince of, ii. 115
Bisignano, Princess of, i. 297, 298
Blois, i. 152; ii, 125
Boccaccio, his Decamerone, i. 26;
romances, 76
Boiarda, Alda, ii. 81; dismissal, 87
Boiardo, Matteo, fi. 87; Orlando
Innamorato, i. 11, 76
Bologna, Alberto da, i. 63, 116, 162
Bologna, Antonio da, i. 237
Bologna, i. 34, 58; ii. 212; tourna-
ment at, i. 71; visit to, 112; entry
of Pope Julius II., 284, 291;
captured by the French, ii. 52;
besieged, 56; conference at, 297;
state entry of Charles V. and Pope
Clement VII., 298
Bologna Museum, ii. 368
Bologna University, deputation from,
ii. 311
Bolsena, ii. 110
Bolzano, Vincenzo, i. 330
Bonatti, Alessandro, ii. 6
Bonnivet, at the siege of Milan, ii.
232
Bonsignori, Francesco, i. 290; his
altar-piece of the Vision of the
Beata Osanna, 79; decorations at
Marmirolo, 107; his portraits of
Mattello, 134, Ferrante, 140,
Pistoia, 391
Bordoni, his description of the Belve-
dere Palace, ii. 288
Borgia, Alexander, elected Pope, i.
63
Borgia, Angela, i. 194, 196, 265;
presented with a chain, 211
Borgia, Cæsar, his scabbard in niello,
i. 73; created Duke of Valen-
tinois, 152; his marriage, 152;
appearance, 178; character, 178;
influence over the Pope, 178;
sponsor, 179; murders the Duke
of Bisceglia, 187; conquest of
Romagna, 187; his French allies,
188; proposed betrothal of his
daughter, 227; seizure of the
Duchy of Urbino, 228; Duke of
Romagna, 230; presents the statues
of Venus and Cupid to Isabella
d'Este, 232; welcome from Louis
XII., 238; massacre of Sinigaglia,
244; murder of his colleagues,
245; congratulations on his suc-
cesses, 248; present of masks,
248; his letter of thanks, 249;
attack of fever, 253; death of his
father, 253; under the protection
of the French army, 255; anxiety
to conciliate the Pope, 260; arrest,
261; his end, 261; attempt to
escape from prison, 269; crimes,
ii. 145
Borgia, Donna Hieronima, i. 204
Borgia, Lucrezia, dissolution of her
marriage, i. 187; second marriage,
187; murder of her husband, 187;
proposed third marriage, 190;
character, 190; contract, 191;
dowry, 191; trousseau, 191;
wedding, 194; journey to Ferrara,
196, 200; reception, 200, 205;
costume, 201, 204; appearance,
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