parties, and a festival appointed, iii. 540
and g.
Masenius, a German Jesuit, his reconci-
ling attempt, iii. 469 and p.
Masses, solitary, what, and when suppo-
sed to be introduced, i. 523 and d.
Mathematical sect, their rise in xvii cent.
iii. 442; follow the principles of Gas-
sendi, an account of, 443; its progress,
445, 446.

Mathematics, their improvement in xvii
cent. iii. 431.

Mathilda, Dutchess of Tuscany, her dona-
tion to the see of Rome in xi cent. ii.

164, 165, and n, o.
Matthia, John, bishop of Strengnes in
Sweden, his pacific attempts in xvii
cent. and works entitled Olive Branches,
iv. 13, and m, n; his writings suppress
ed, and he himself obliged to resign
his bishopric, and retire, ibid.
Matthias, chosen to be an apostle, and
how, i. 60.

Matthison, John, ringleader of the fana-
ties of Munster, iii. 329.
Maty, Paul, his notion of the Trinity, and
controversy hereupon in xviii cent. iv.
209; unsatisfactory hypothesis, which
amounts to two propositions, and is
only a repetition of Dr. Thomas Bur-
net's sentiments on the same subject,
ibid. and y.

Maur, St. congregation of, iii. 497 and
w; select number of learned members,
and their adversaries, 498 and x; many
and admirable productions, 499 and
y; their reformation falls short of the
perfection of austerity, which had been
idly imagined by some, ibid. this severe
plan adopted by the Jansenists, 500 and
z; by Bouthelier de Rance and the oc-
casion, ibid. and b; his order de la
Trappe gradually degenerates, 501.
Maurice, Elector of Saxony, obtains the
electorate by perfidious measures, and
what these are, iii. 85; consents to a
council being called at Trent on certain
conditions, 88 and c; how the cause of
the famous treaty at Passau, 91 and d.

Landgrave of Hesse, deserts the
Lutheran church, and embraces Calvin-
ism in xvii cent. iv. 3 and b; the change
thereon in his dominions, ibid. his con-
duct towards the Lutherans, and defence
of it by the doctors of the Reformed
Church, 4 and c.

Stadtholder, seemingly inclined to
favour the Arminians in xvii cent. iv.
129; declares against them, with his
ambitious views, 132, 133, and i; his
violent proceedings against them, and
consequence, 133, 134, and notes.
Mauritius, Peter, refutes the Jews in xii
cent. ii. 298.

Maxentius, his works, i. 416.

Maximin, persecution under that Empe.
ror, i. 196.

Marims, two very dangerous, universally
adopted in iv cent. i. 293; the greatest
men infected with the first for some
ages past, ibid. the second had its rise
in the reign of Constantine, and ap-
proved by succeeding ages, 294.
Maximus, Julian's master, a Platonist, and
being accused of magic, is put to death
by the order of Valentinian in iv sent.
i. 267.

Maximus of Turin, an account of his homi-
lies, i. 355.

the Greek monk, account of him
and his works, i. 455; expositions, 458.
Mayer, Michael, a leader of the Rosecru-
cians in xvii cent. iii. 437.

Mayhew, a Puritan missionary in America,

Medicis, the zeal of this family in cultiva
ting learning in xv cent. ii. 511, 518.

schism

Cosmo de, zealous patron of the Pla-
tonic philosophy, ii. 514.
Meier, an account of this follower of Spi-
noza and his works, iii. 428 and w.
Melancthon, Philip, his great character, iii.
37, 38, and g, h; prepares the famous
confession of Augsburg, 61; answers
and confutes Faber's objections to it,
72; his dispute with Eckius at Worms,
82; his sentiments of the famous edict
called Interim, what, 88, and b; and
the cause of a melancholy
among the Lutherans, ibid. the method
of philosophy adopted by him, 122; his
unsuccessful attempt to unite the Greeks
with the Protestants, and the Greek
translation of the Augsburg Confession,
which he sent to Constantinople, but
receives no answer, 185; eminent for
his knowledge of history, 218; his
character, 219; is considered as the
great doctor of the Lutheran church, ib.
of the
his writings in philosophy, and

ib. en-

in the

of the

sect of the eclectics, 220; his abridge-
ments, ib. commentaries on St. Paul's
epistles, 224;* explanations of the Scrip-
tures, 229; Loci Communes,
larges them, 226; destitute of the ran-
eour too frequently met with
polemic writings of the Lutheran di-
vines, 229; placed at the head
Lutheran church, 237; compared with
Luther, and different sentiments from
him, ib. and p, 239 and r; is accused
of apostacy by the Lutherans, and the
reasons, 240; justifies himself, ib. de-
sirous of an union between the Re-
formed and Lutherans, 268; which is

facilitated by Calvin, ib. 269, and g;
but meets with obstacles, ib.
Melancthonians, a philosophical sect in xvi
cent. iii. 220.

Melchites, who, 466. i. m.

Meletian controversy, the true causes of, i.
295; continued until v cent 296; con-
demned by the first Council of Nice,
318 and t.

Meliteniota, his pacificatory attempt be-
tween the Greeks and Latins in xiii
cent. ii. 399.

Melito, bishop of Sardis, his works, i. 153;
gives the first catalogue of the books of
the Old Testament, ib. u.

Menander, his wild and frantic notions, i.

118.

Mendæans, or Christians of St. John, a
sect in the Eastern churches, an account
of, iii. 197 and d.

Mendez, Patriach of Ethiopia, his im-
prudent zeal and arrogance, iii. 478; is
banished from the country, 480.
Mendicants, their institution in xiii cent. ii.
367; principles or tenets, 368; con.
fined to four societies only, 369 and n;
their universal fame, ib. pride and arro-
gance, 376; impious wiles, with a spe-
cimen, 377 and g; contest between the
Dominicans and Franciscans, ib. ad-
dicted to the opinions of the scholastic
divines 408; in high esteem in xvi
cent. 466; through their enormous vices
they fall under a general odium, ib.
but are supported by the Pope, 467 and
c; charged with arrogance and a vi-
cious spirit of novelty, 542; offensive
to the Bishops in xv cent. for the refuge
given to the Beguins in their order, 543;
their great aversion to learning, 17,

20.

Menno, Simon, account of, 330; his tra-
vels into different countries, and re-
markable success in gaining proselytes,
331; eloquence and writings, ib. 332
and t; his doctrine, ib. discipline, 333;
imprudent conduct towards two sects
which arose, 336; his singular tenets,
343; his rigorous laws mitigated by the
Anabaptists in xvii cent. iv. 163; disci-
pline and singular opinions abandoned
by the Waterlandians, 166.
Mennonites, their various forms in xvii
cent. iv. 162 and e; different sects of
them, 163. See Anabaptists.
Messalians, Euchites, their antiquity, i.
329; when formed into a religious
body, ib. their tenets, ib. borrowed
many of their notions from the Eastern
philosophy, ib. a general name for
Eastern Heretics and Enthusiasts in xii
cent. ii. 305 and m.

Mentz, Felix, his detestable character, iii.
326.

Mercator, Marius, a warm opposer of Be-
Fagius, i. 356.

Methodius, eminent for his piety in iii
cent. i. 213; his exposition on Genesis
and Solomon's song lost, 219.

the Confessor, his zeal for image
worship in ix cent. ii. 29; his panegyric
on Dionysius, 42.

with Cyril converts the Masians
and other nations in ix cent. ii. 4, 5 and
h.

Metochita, George, his pacificatory at-
tempt to unite the Greek and Latin
churches in xiii cent. ii. 399.
Metropolitans, whether any in; cent. i.
92; whence their rights, 146; the ex-
tent of their power in iv cent. 271.
Mezzabarba, is sent into China as legate
from Pope Clement XI. with his second
edict against the lawfulness of the Chi-
nese rites, and bad success, iv. 185, 186
and b.

Michael, St. superstition about him in x
cent. ii. 117.

Micislaus, Duke of Poland, converted to
Christianity in x cent. ii. 75; his zeal
for the conversion of his subjects, and
methods used by him to obtain it, ibid.
76.

Middleton, Richard, a metaphysical divine
in xiii cent. ii. 400.
Millennium, controversy concerning it in
iii cent. i. 222; violently opposed by
Origen, 223, and supported by Nepos,
ibid. stopped by Dionysius of Alexan-
dria, ibid.

Milletiere, his pacific attempt to recon-
cile the Protestants and Roman Catho-
lics in xvii cent. iii. 471.

Miltitz, holds a conference with Luther,
iii. 32; his character, ibid. prudent and
candid behaviour in the conference, 33;
unhappy fate, 35 and a.

Mingrelians, in Asia, their deplorable state,
iii. 189.

Ministry, necessity of a public one, i.
84.

Minucius, Felix, character and use of his
dialogue, i. 213.

Miracles, advantageous to Christianity, i.
64; of the Thundering Legion, 127 and
n; which is more than dubious, 128; of

the ir cent. given up, but it is denied
that miracles had then entirely ceased,
264; on the Trinitarians, oppressed
by the Vandals in Africa, in v cent.
and the credible witnesses of them, i.
374 and h; dispute among the learned
about it, with a reflection thereon, 375,
376, sub. not. said to be performed in
vi cent. invalidated by the lives of the
converts, 400 their number and reality
in viii cent. examined, 483.
Misa, Jacobell, a disciple of Huss, ad-
ministers the sacraments in both kinds,
and this practice deemed heretical, ii.
530, his opinion that infants should re-
ceive the Eucharist, 554.
Missionaries, their success in barbarous
nations, and particularly Jesuits, iii.
386; account of their hardships not too
readily to be believed, 392; Capuchins,
their success in Africa, 412.
Missions, priests of the, founded in xvii
cent. and by whom, iii. 502, 503.

account of, in xviii cent. iv. 484;
Protestant, and more particularly the
Danish, 186.

Mogislaus, Peter, Bishop of Kiow, draws

up a summary of doctrine for the Greek
church, which is publicly approved and
adopted, iii. 184 and u, w.
Molina, Lewis, character of him and his
writings iii. 177 and i, k, l.
Molinists, controversies with them con-
cerning predestination and liberty, iii.
176, 177; accused of renewing the
errors of Pelagianism, 177.
Molinos, Michael de, excites new contro-

versies in the church, iii. 541; his book
entitled the Spiritual Guide, ibid. and h;
principles, whence his followers called
Quietists, 542; opposed by the Jesuits
and the French ambassador, ibid. and
i; is obliged to recant and dies in pri-
son, 543 and 1; most eminent of his
followers, 544.

Monarchy, Fifth Men, their rise and en-

thusiastic notions in xvii cent. iv. 106.
Monkery, passes from the East to the
West in iv cent. i. 291; where first es-
tablished, ibid. q.

Monks, their rise, i. 216, formed into a re-
gular body by Antony, in iv. cent. 290;
different orders, 291; adopted among
the clergy, 293; claim eminent stations
in the church, i. 353; observe different
rules of discipline, ibid. not subject to
the Patriarchal power, ibid. and f;
their defence of Origen in vi cent. 425;
their vices in vii cent. 453; are ex-
empted by the Pope from episcopal ju-
risdiction, 454; held in much repute,
ibid. their discipline fallen into decay
in viii cent. 502; efforts to stop it inef-
fectual, ibid. and 503; excessive vene-
ration paid to them in ix cent. ii. 26;
employed in civil affairs, 27; a reforma-
tion attempted among them by order of

Lewis the Meek, ibid. guilty of Concu-
binage and Simony in x cent. 101, 102.
and e,f; their state in xi cent. and in-
crease of their immunities, and for
what end, 182, 183; exempted by the
Popes from the authority of their sove-
reigns, ibid. their ignorance and corrup-
tion, ibid. great corruption gives rise
to chivalry, 183 u; new orders, 187;
enrich their convents by processions
made of the saintly relics, ii. 286;
their great increase in xiii. cent. 364;
some suppressed, 365; and what sub-
sist, 366; the order called Brethren of
the Holy Trinity: and if the same with
the Brethren of the Redemption of the
Captivity, 367 and 1; a reformation at-
tempted among them in xv cent. 542;
corrupt state in xvi cent iii. 17; their
aversion to learning, ibid. very service-
able to the Pope, 137; much reformed,
146; new orders, 149.

Monophysites, their tenets concerning the
nature of Christ, i. 390; called Seve-
rians, whence, 434; encouraged by
the Emperor Anastasius, ibid. depress-
ed by Justin and successsive empe-
rors, ibid. their sect restored by Jacob
Baradæus, ibid. whom they acknow-
ledge to be their second founder, 435;
divisions among them terminated, ibid.
called Jacobites, and flourish in the
East in xvi cent. iii. 190 and h; divi-
sions into the African and Asiatic, ibid.
their religious doctrines and rites, 192;
differ from the Greek and Latin church-
es, in what, ibid. and o; their igno-
rance, ibid. in Asia, their state in xvii.
cent. iii. 560. and s.

African and Abyssinian, resist ob-
stinately the Roman yoke, iii. 560;
their state in xviii cent. ii. 196.
Monothelites, the rise of this sect in vii
cent. i. 466; Heraclius's compromise,
ibid. progress of their doctrine, 467;
opposed by Sophronius, monk of Pales-
tine, 468; condemned in the sixth ge-
neral council, 469; a view of their doc-
trine, 470; different opinions among
them, ibid. their fate after the council
of Constantinople, 471; sentiments em-
braced by the Maronites, ibid.
Montagne, a supposed infidel in xvi cent.
iii. 119.

Montanus, his tenets, i. 188; some mis-
takes about them, ibid. e; attempts to
supply the pretended defects of the Gos-
pel, 189; his excessive austerity, ibid.
reasons for excommunicating him, and
success of his doctrine, 189, 190; which
Tertullian adopts, ibid. and d.
Montesono, John de, denies the immacu-
late conception of the Virgin Mary,
and contest with the University of Pa-
ris, ii. 495; is excommunicated, and va-
rious opinions concerning the reasons
for it, ibid. and m.

Moors, or Saracens, some converted in
xv cent. and how, ii. 507; banished out
of Spain in xvii cent. iii. 462; conse-
quences, 463.
Moralists, moral writers, in ii cent. who,
i. 155; their merit as such, ibid. the
double doctrine introduced by them,
what, and the effects, 156; hence the
Ascetics, 157; charged with want of
order and precision, in iii cent. 219;
the most eminent in iv cent. with their
defects, 288; their character in v cent.
i. 363; mystic principles adopted by
them, 366; reduce practical religion to
the observance of a few virtues in vii
cent. 460; imbibe many of the Aristo-
telian principles in viii cent. 515; prin-
cipally employed in ix cent. in collecting
the sentiments of the Fathers on mo-
rality, ii. 41; content themselves in x
cent. with composing some few homi-
lies, and writing the lives of the saints,
ii. 111; contemptible in xi cent. 201;
partly scholastic, partly mystic, in xii
cent. ii. 297; their character in xiii
cent. 410, 411; definitions of piety and
justice different from those in the Scrip-
tures, 411; chiefly employed in col-
lecting and solving cases of conscience,
and in moralizing on the natures, pro-
perties, and actions of the brute crea-
tion in xiv cent. 493; their character
and names in xvi cent. iii. 227 c;-.
Lutheran, ibid.

Morality, Romish, its sad state in xvi cent.

iii. 163; no successful attempt made to
reform it, and complaints against the
Jesuits, ibid. writers on it divided into
three classes, ibid.

true principles of, not settled in

xvi cent. iii. 227.
Moravians, their conversion in ix cent.
ii. 4.

Moravian, Bohemian, brethren, an account
of, iii. 297.

Morgan, his deism, and hypothesis of, iv.
188 and c.

Morinus, his pacific endeavours to, unite

the Greek and Latin churches in xvii
cent. iii. 552 and d.

Moscovy, the Christian religion establish-
ed there in x cent. ii. 76.

deck, ibid. 330; peace of Germany con-
cluded at, iii. 460.

Munzer, one of the leaders of the fanatics,
iii. 325; assembles a numerous army of
the peasants in xvi cent. ibid. his rava-
ges not chargeable on Luther, ibid. is
defeated, taken, and ignominiously put
to death, ibid. fate of his associates, 326.
Muralt, a Deistical writer in xviii cent. iv.
189 and d; his religious system com-
prehended in three points, and what
they are, ibid.

Musaus, approves of Callixtus's pacifica-
tory plan, iv. 36; adopts some of his sen-
timents, 37, 38; imputations against
him and the divines of Jena, ibid. and l.
Mystics, their rise in the East, and whence,
i. 143; their unfair defence, 215; mul-
tiplied in iv cent. and doctrine propa-
gated, 289; their cause promoted in v
cent. from their austerity of life, 364;
their pernicious influence on moral wri-
ters, 366; flourish in ix cent. ii. 42;
their method of explaining truth adopt-
ed in xii cent. ii. 289; oppose the Scho
lastics in xiii cent. 410; a reconciliation
between the two parties attempted,
ibid. zealous for the study of the Scrip-
tures, and the writings of the fathers, in
xiv cent. 490; many of distinguished
merit among them in xv cent. 558; de-
fended against the Schoolmen, 559;
the only remaining sparks of piety in
xvi cent. were in them, iii. 24; but un-
able to combat the error of the times,
ibid. why called Quietists, iii. 542; their
precepts embraced by the Quakers,
153, 155.

N.

Nagel, Paul, his reveries, iv. 61.
Nangis, William, of, a historian in xiii
cent. his character, ii. 340.
Nantes, famous edict drawn up at, in xvi
cent. in favour of the Protestants, iii.
282; revoked by Lewis XIV. in xvii
cent. iv. 68 and s.

Naples, the Academy at, founded by Fre-
deric II. in xiii cent. ii. 337; the pro-
gress of the Reformation here in xvi
cent. iii. 99; the opposition made against
the attempts to introduce the inquisi-
tion, ib. and l.

Naraya, Chaw, king of Siam, his remark-
able answer to the French king's am-
bassador, iii. 394; sub. not. q; tolerates
the missionaries, 395; is put to death,
ibid. and r.

Nassau, church of, embraces Calvinism in
xvi cent. iii. 299.

Nations, state of those not under the Ro-

mans, i. 31; the genius of, and liberty
enjoyed by, the Northern, ibid. and ƒ;
all sunk in superstition, but of different
kinds, ib. 32.

Nature, its law studied with great atten-