Heric, Monk of Auxeres, said to have an- ticipated Des Cartes in the manner of investigating truth, ii. 16; is sainted, ibid. f.
Hermits, their rise in iii cent. and whence, i. 216.
Hermogenes, his tenets, i. 188; opposed and refuted by Tertullian, ibid. and 6. Herrnhutters, rise of that sect and foun- ders in xviii cent. iv. 198; account of their descent from the Bohemian and Moravian brethren doubtful, ibid. pro- fess to agree with the doctrine and opi- nions of the Lutherans, and what credit ought to be given to such professions, 199; Dr. Mosheim's vague description of their sect censured, with its infamous character, ibid. and 1; sap the founda- tions of morality, ibid. sub not. l. Hervæus, Natalis, account of, ii. 488. Hervey, a learned Benedictine monk, and expositor in xii cent. ii. 289 and c. Hesychius, a moral writer in vii cent. i. 460.
Hetzer, Lewis, his infamous character, iii.
326; denies the divinity of Christ, 354. Hevelius, a German philosopher, in xvii cent. iii. 431.
Heyling, of Lubec, his pious labours in Ethiopia in xvii cent. iii. 560 and u. Hierax, of Leontium, his notions of Christ's office and ministry, i. 237; ac- count of the sect formed by him, and of his tenets, ibid.
Hierocles, his works against the Chris-
tians answered by Eusebius, i. 260. High churchmen, their principles, iv. 113. See Nonjurors, 111, &c. Hilary, Bishop of Poictiers, his character and works, i. 278 and f. Hildebert, Archbishop of Tours, his cha racter, ii. 195; his excellent system of divinity, 200 and d; morality, 201, e. Hildebrand, Pope. See Gregory VII. ii. 137, &c.
defends Callixtus's reputation, in xvii cent. iv. 34. Hildegard, pretended prophetess in xii cent. ii. 286; the excessive veneration paid to her, ibid.
Hilduin, of St. Dennis, his celebrated work entitled Areopagitica, ii. 30 and s. Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims, his cha- racter, ii. 31, 32 and e; exposition of the four Books of Kings, 40. Hippolitus, his character and works, i. 212 and y; adopts Origen's plan in his commentaries, 213.
History of the church, the method of treating it in the xvi cent. why changed from that in the preceding centuries, iii. 5; its division into two heads, ibid. 1st, general-its extent, 6-2dly, par- ticular, ibid. which is subdivided into two parts, ibid.-of the Reformation, ibid. its improvements in xvii cent.
iii. 432; innumerable advantages of it, 433; a short view of it in xviii cent iv. 83.
Hoadly, Bishop of Winchester, his endea- vours to lower the authority of the English church and character, iv. 206; by whom opposed, 207.
Hobbes, a daring and subtle enemy to Christianity, his character, iii. 419; his adherents and apologists, ibid. and a; his writings, and if he recanted, ibid. and b; opposed by whom, iv. 76. Hoburg, Christian, a petulant writer against the Lutherans in xvii cent. and character, iv. 61.
Hoe, Matthew, his defence of the Protes- tants, iii. 454; his perfidy, 457, s. Hoffman, Daniel, disputes between him and his colleagues, iii. 222; his tenets which he is obliged to retract, ibid. his fanatical extravagance, censured, iv. 17.
Hoffman, Melchior, his infamous conduct, iii. 326.
Holidays, their number diminished by an edict of Urban VIII. iii. 549, Holstenius, Lucas, attempts to reconcile the Greek and Latin churches, iii. 553
Homilies, their origin in viii. cent. i. 512. Honorius, Pope, embellishes churches in vii cent. i. 463; favours the doctrine of one will in Christ, 468; writers of the church of Rome attempt to save his in- fallibility, ibid. q; is condemned by the sixth General Council, 470. Hospitallers, Knights, origin and nature of their office, ii. 239; deviate from the design of their original institution, and commence warriors, ibid. and settle in Cyprus, and from thence remove to Malta, the present residence of their chief, or master, 240 and z. Huber, Samuel, his controversy concern- ing Predestination, iii. 259; is deposed and banished from Wittemberg, ibid. Hubmeyer, Balthazar, an Anabaptist, his enormous conduct, iii. 326.
Huet, Bishop of Avranches, his works, iii. 448 and x.
Huguenots, derivation of that word, iii. 281 and d; persecuted in France in xvii cent. 463. Huisseaux, of Saumur, his pacificatory principles in xvii cent. iii. 471. Humanity, its state in xiii cent. iii. 340. Humbert, Cardinal, an eminent polemic writer among the Greeks in xi cent. ii. 194; his notions of the real presence of Christ's body and blood in the Sacra- ment, 209,
Hume, his censure of Luther's opposition to indulgences, and other Popish super- stitions, refuted, iii. 27, p; charge against the Reformers examined and re- futed, 106, 114.
Hungary, Christianity established in x cent. ii. 77 and m; the honour of their conversion claimed by different na tions, 78 and n; Reformation intro- duced and settled, iv. 408. Huss, John, his character, ii. 522 and p; declaims vehemently against the cor- ruptions of the clergy and court of Rome in xv cent. ibid. odious to the clergy, and the reasons, 523 and q; publicly recommends the doctrines of Wickliff, 524 and u; is condemned by the council of Constance, and burned alive, 525; the true cause of his suffer- ings, 526 and x.
Hussinet, Nicholas of, head of the Hus- sites, ii. 552.
Hussites, commotions made by them, to revenge the death of their founder and Jerome of Prague, ii. 552; their aver- sion to administer the Sacrament in one kind only, ibid. many put to cruel deaths by the order of Sigismund, ibid. war carried on, and shocking cruelties by them and their opponents, ibid. di- vide into two parties, 553. Hyrcania, the Gospel propagated in viii
Jablonsdy, Dr. drew up a plan of ecclesi- astical discipline and public worship, vi. 313.
Jacobites, a sect of the Monophysites, why so called, and from whom, i. 434; their state and subdivisions in xvi cent. iii. 190 and h. Jagello, Duke of Lithuania, by what means converted in xiv cent. ii. 443; changes his name to Uladislaus, ibid. Jamblichus, of Chaleis, an account of this philosopher, and his successors, i. 266 and b.
James, Bishop of Edessa, translates the dialectics into Syriac in vii cent. i. 451.
I. of England, attempts the recon- ciliation of the Lutheran and Reformed churches, iv. 8 and f; his seeming attachment to the Puritans, and decla- ration in an assembly at Edinburgh, 90 and d; took a principal part in the con- ference at Hampton Court, 91, e; with the adulation of Whitgift and Bancroft ibid. sub fin. not. e; remarkable change of his conduct after his accession to the crown, 92; Abbott's endeavours to confirm the king in Calvinism, with that Prince's dislike of the proceedings at Dort, 92, 93 and h; the reason for the King's dislike, 94 and i; the change of opinion fatal to the Puritans, 95; his death, ibid.
II. his imprudence, iii. 466; why obliged to abdicate, when the Rovolu- tion took place under William, Prince of Orange, ibid. tolerates the Quakers,
and from what motives, iv. 149, 150 and r.
Jansenism, its rise and the contests it pro- duced, iii. 523; Jansenius's book, 524 and g, h; combatted by the Jesuits, ibid. who procure its condemnation at Rome, by Urban VIII. 525; this opposed by the doctors of Louvaine and other Au- gustinians, also in France by the Abbot of St. Cyran, ibid. and k, l. Jansenists, their contests with the Jesuists described, and how both parties were balanced, iii. 526 and m; methods and arguments employed by both parties in this controversy, and miracles pre- tended by the Jansenists, ibid. 527 and n; persecuted and by whom, 530, 531; their austere piety examined, 534, 535; complaints against the church of Rome, and their general principles just and reasonable, but the consequences and applications, faulty, as appears from the sentiments of the Abbot of Cyran, their great oracle, 534, 535 and a; deserved- ly denominated Rigourists, ibid. their notions of repentance, 536; exempli- fied in the Abbé de Paris, 537; and in the female convert of Port Royal, 538 and e; many ambitious to live in its neighbourhood, ibid. the end these peni- tents had in view, 539; the convent de- molished by Lewis XIV. 540. Jansenius, five propositions of his book condemned by Pope Innocent X. iii. 529; doctrines contained in them, ibid. 530 and a; distinction invented by Ar- naud in favour of these propositions, ibid. a bull of Alexander VII. against him, with a form of declaration sent into France, ibid. 531; which produces melancholy divisions and tumults, ibid. persecution of his followers through the Jesuits, ibid. but suspended under Cle- ment IX. 532; conditional subscription obtained, ibid. the peace granted the Jansenists by Clement only transitory, and totally ceased under Lewis XIV. ibid. and u.
Japan, state of Christianity, iii. 405, 406; its success owing to two circumstances, and also to another, ibid. a; prejudices of the natives, and divisions among the missionaries, ibid. 407; accusations against the Jesuits by the other mission- aries, ibid. and against the latter by the Jesuits, ibid. its downfal and extir- pation how effected, with the reasons, ibid. 408; firmness of the converts and missionaries under horrid torments, with the causes of this persecution, ibid. and e; edict by which Europeans are forbid to approach the Japanese dominions, 409; except a few Dutch, ibid. Jaqueline, abbess of the convent of Port
Royal, her character, iii. 537 and c, d. Jasidians, Jezedæans, a séct in xvi cent.
some account of, iii. 198; their opinion about the evil genius, ibid. and e. Iconoclasts, who, and their origin in viii cent. i. 517; called also Iconomachi, 518; their numbers increase under the patronage of Claudius bishop of Turin, in ix cent. ii. 47. Iconoduli, called Iconolatræ, who, i. 518. Ideas, universal, controversy about in x cent. ii. 90 and k.
Jena, academy founded at, in xvi cent. by the Dukes of Saxeweimar, iii. 243; the moderation of the divines here in re- gard to Calixtus's plan of concord, iv. 37.
Jerome, of Palestine, his character, i. 279; admired for his translation of the Scrip- tures into Latin, 284.
de St. Foi, writes against the Jews in xv cent. ii. 559. Jerusalem, first Christian church, i. 61;
Patriarch of, how extensive his juris- diction in xvi cent. iii. 183 and 9; fa- mous council held here in xvii cent. iii. 555 and g.
Jesuales, or apostolic clerks, their rise in xiv cent. ii. 484; their order abolished by Clement IX. Pope, ibid. Jesuiabas, of Gaddala, Nestorian pontiff, his treaty with Mahomet and Omar in viii cent. i. 465: the testamentary di- ploma of the former to the Christians examined, ibid. k.
Jesuits, their institution seems to have di- minished the credit of the clerks school in xv cent. ii, 546; nature of their or- der and institution, iii. 116; the me- thods by which they propagate Chris- tianity, considered, 117; the nature and division of this society into three class- es, 139; and, according to some, into four, ibid. z; zeal for the interest of the Roman Pontiffs, and the true motives of their missions, 140, 141 and y; ex- posed to many perils and how delivered, with insinuating manners, ibid. their character and fate admirably described by Dr. Brown of Dublin, ibid. a; zeal- ous advocates for the ancient forms of doctrine in the Romish church, and why, 167; and for the infallibility and unlimited supremacy of the Pope, 168 and y; their notions of divine grace and original sin, 169, doctrine about the motives to moral actions, 170 and z; about probability and philosophical sin, ibid. and a; about the Sacraments, 171 and b; make use of the intricate so- phistry of the Schoolmen to puzzle the Protestants, 220; their stratagems cor- rupt the Lutheran doctors, 227; accus- ed of sinister views by the other orders, iii. 386; their methods of converting persons procured them enemies, 388; accused of malpractices in China, 398; principal charge against them, 400; ba- VOL. IV.
nished Venice, but afterward recalled, 483, 484, a; the influence they have in France considered, 493 and r; the mul- titude of their adversaries, particularly the Jansenists, in xvii cent. 503, 504 and k; history by Bernard, 504, sub not. k; interest strengthened by opposition, ib. 505 and l; some of their pernicious maxims, 513 and s, 514 and t, u; books written against them by Paschal and Perrault burned, 515, w; answered by F. Daniel, ibid. sub not. highly com- plained of and condemned by Alexan- der VII. Pope, 516; their disputes with the Jansenists 524.
Jesus, Fathers of the oratory, founded in xvii cent. by Cardinal Berulle, iii. 501; design of their institution and fame, ibid. the nature of their office, ibid. and d, e.
Jetzer, an account of the impious fraud practised upon him in xvi cent. by the Dominicans, iii. 18, k.
Jews, their civil and religious state under Herod at Christ's birth, i. 43; after He- rod's death, ibid. the calamities they suffer under the Roman Governors, yet permitted to enjoy the free exercise of their religion, 44; their sufferings from their own rulers, ibid. and 45; their religion corrupted among all ranks, and the division of their doctors into va- rious sects, 45; their principal sects and points of debate, ibid. 46 and m; yet exercise mutual toleration, with the motives, 47; variously interpret the doctrine of future rewards and punish- ments, ibid. the moral doctrine of their sects, 49; corrupt the external worship of God by rites from the Gentiles, 50 and t; various causes of their corrup- tion, ib. some remains of piety among them, 51; their state out of Pales- tine, an evident proof of a providence in human affairs, 53 and z; persecute the Christians in Palestine and foreign countries, 65, 66 and e, f; their plausi- ble pretexts for this procedure, ibid. and the punishments they undergo, 66; the state of their philosophy, 82; their se- dition under Barchochebas, and its me- lancholy consequences to them, with advantages to Christianity, 129; the cause of dissensions in the church in ii cent. 170; their attempts against Chris- tianity in iii cent. 202; their vain at- tempt to rebuild their temple in iv cent. 258; the dreadful phenomenon on this occasion, and disputes about it, ibid. and g, h; many converted in v cent. and by what means, i. 333; oppress the Christians under the command of Gamaliel, 341; several embrace Christianity in vi cent. 399; compel- led to be Christians in vii cent. by the Emperor Heraclius, 442; many
writers against them in xii cent. i. 228; the crimes charged upon them, and their forced conversion in xiv cent. 444; these crimes most probably charged out of hatred to that people, and without sufficient evidence, vi. 171. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, his epistle, i. 96; that to Polycarp very doubtful, ibid. and c; exposed by Trajan to wild beasts, 130.
Patriarch of Constantinople, de- posed by the Emperor Michael, ii. 57; appeals to Pope Nicholas I, and restored by him, ibid. reinstated by Basilius the Macedonian, 53; refuses to give up any provinces to the see of Rome, ibid. his death, 60.
Loyola, founder of the order of Jesuits in xvi cent. iii. 116; subjects them to the will of the Pope, and his dexterity herein, ibid. and b; if a man of any learning, 138 and u, ibid. and w; is sainted by Urban VIII. iii. 549.
- XXIV. Patriarch of Antioch, causes the Monophysites to embrace the doctrines of the church of Rome, in xvii cent. v. 247 and s; his death and successor, who, being an usurper, is de- posed by the Turks, ibid. Ildefonse, Archbishop of Toledo, his cha- racter, i. 456; his treatise De Cogni- nitione Baptismi, i. 459; hence appears the novelty of several doctrines now held by the church of Rome, ibid. and
Images, worship of, its rise, i. 281; great progress in v cent. i. 357; dispute con- cerning it in the Eastern and Western churches, and consequences, 516; the cause of a civil war in the reign of the Emperor Leo, 517; zealously defended by Gregory II. and II. 518; contro- versies concerning it in ix cent. in the East, ii. 44; where it is established, 45; disputes among the Latins concerning it, and a middle course taken by the European Christians between the Ido- laters and Iconoclasts, 46; the use of them in churches allowed, but their worship prohibited, 46, 47; controversy concerning their sanctity in xi cent. 205.
Impanation, consubstantiation, iii. 277 and q.
Impostors, the three, a book with this
title, and the supposed author, ii. 335 and c.
Independents, claim the honour of carry- ing the Gospel into America, iii. 415 and p; charged with promoting dissen- sions in England, and this charge im- partially considered, iv. 99 and p; Ra- pin's account of them examined and corrected, 100 sub not. whether charge able with King Charles's death, 101; remarks on Dr. Mosheim's defence of
them, ibid. ; why so called, 102 q; their difference from the Presbyterians, ibid. their moderation commended, and how more commendable than the Brownists, 103; called also Congrega- tional brethren, ibid. sub fin. not. ori- gin in Holland, 104; progress in Eng- land and artful proceedings, ibid. pros- perity under Cromwell, ibid. decline under Charles II. and union with the Presbyterians in nine articles of, ibid. and s.
India, Christianity propagated there, in xvi cent. iii. 390.
Indians, the nature of their pretended con- version at the end of xv cent. consider- ed, ii. 508. Indulgences, the power of granting them first assumed by the Bishops in the xii cent. ii. 236; monopolized by the Popes, 287; their nature and extent explained, ibid. destroy the credit of the ancient penitential discipline, 288; supererogation invented and taught by St. Thomas to justify them, ibid. and z; this doctrine refuted, and by whom, ibid. a.
Innocent II. Pope, exempts the Cistercians from paying tithes, ii. 275.
-III. Pope, his works, ii. 282; de- spotic tyranny over several princes and kingdoms, 351; augments the wealth and power of the Pope, ibid. his inso- lent behaviour to John, king of Eng- land, 352; lays England under an in- terdict, and why, 353; excommuni- cates and deposes John, and encou- rages Augustus of France to unite Eng land to his kingdom, ibid. introduces Transubstantiation and Auricular Con- fession in xiii cent. 403; opposed by many in his innovated doctrine of Transubstantiation, 415.
-VII. Antipope, his character, ii.
X. Pamfili, Pope, condemns the indulgence showed by the Jesuits to- wards the Chinese superstitions in xvi cent. iii. 400; his vile character and illicit commerce with Donna Olymnia, 451 and e; endeavours to prevent the peace of Westphalia, issues his bull against this pacific treaty, which was made at Munster, 461 and y.
XI. Odeschalchi, Pope, his en- deavours to decide the controversy be- tween the Jesuits and their adversaries concerning Chinese rites, iii. 401; his high character, 452 and i; contest with Lewis XIV. and reason, 488.
-XII. Pignatelli, Pope, his high character, iii. 453 and I.
XIII. Pope, iv. 189. Inquisition, its origin in Narbonne, Gaul, in xiii cent. ii. 421; the first delegates for this purpose, ibid. and a, ; its form
settled, and on what plan, 422, 423, and g; the absurd and iniquitous proceed- ings of this court accounted for; 424; privileges granted to it by Frederic II. Emperor, and Lewis IX. of France, ib. and i; violently opposed by the public, 425; and hence severer methods are employed against Heretics, ibid. meets with a fruitless opposition from Ray- mond, Earl of Thoulouse, and the con- sequences, 426; its severity in xiv cent. toward the Beghards, 500; congrega- tion of, instituted by Paul III. Pope, iii. 128 e.
Instruction, form of, adopted by the Cal- vinists, by whom composed, and for what use, iii. 280.
Interim, edict of Charles V. Emperor, so called, iii. 86, 87 and a; troubles exci- ted by it, 87; Melancthon's opinion about it, and things indifferent, 88 and b; produces new divisions, dangerous to the Reformation, ibid. assembly of doctors held concerning it, 239. Investitures, tumults in xi cent. through
the law about them, ii. 169 and u; cus- tom by the ring and crosier, 170; me-. thods used by the clergy to deprive the emperors of their right, 172; and by the emperors to retain it, ibid. origin of this custom, 175; the offence given to the pontiffs, what, 174, 175 and h; war declared thereon, 176; Rodolph revolts against Henry III. 177; and is chosen Emperor, 179; the terrible war that follows upon his election, continues till the death of Gregory VI. Pope, 180; the tumults continue under Urban II. 181; disputes concerning them renewed in xii cent. ii. 257; and their progress, 258; peace concluded between the Pope and the Emperor on certain conditions, which is broken by Paschal II. and his death, 258, 259; the pacific inclinations of Calixtus II. and to what these dis- putes were owing, 261; peace between the Emperor and Pope at Worms, with the conditions, 202; contest between Barbarossa and Adrian IV. 264; and, on the latter's death, a dispute in elect- ing a new Pope, 265; after various suc- cess, a peace is concluded by the Em- peror, ibid..
Joachim, Abbot of Flora, account of the enerlasting Gospel attributed to him, ii. 381 and s; his prophecies, ibid. Ger- hard's explication of this Gospel con- demned, and mistakes about it cor- rected, 382 and w; his character and works, 399 and c; his predictions the cause of many sects, 436; heretical notions of the Trinity, 438. Joan, Pope, in ix cent. ii. 20; contest
about the truth of this story, ibid. and r, s; a middle course held by some, 21 and t.
Johannes, Johannellus, a mystic in xi cent. his works, ii. 201 and h.
a Monte Corvino, translates the New Testament into the language of the Tartars, ii. 324.
John, the forerunner of the Messiah, bis character, and success of his ministry, i. 54, 55, and f.
Bishop of Jerusalem, a zealous ad- vocate for Origen, and success in this cause, i. 299.
of Constantinople, or the Faster, as- sumes the title of Universal Bishop, in vi cent. i. 410 and s; his works, 416.
IV. Pope, rejects the Exthesis of Heraclius, and condemns the Mono- physites, i. 469.
surnamed Carpathius, his character, i. 515.
of Capua, a monkish historian in x cent. ii. 89.
X. Pope, his infamous character, ii. 94; is imprisoned and put to death, 95.
XI. Pope, an account of him, and his death, and character of his mother, Marozia, ii. 95 and s.
XII. Pope, changes his former name, and imitated in this by all succeeding Popes, ii. 96; implores the assistance of Otho the Great, with a promise of the Purple, ibid. breaks his oath of alle- giance to Otho-is summoned before a council-degraded-reassumes the Pon- tificate, and dies miserably, ibid.
XIII. Pope, raised to this seat by Qtho the great, an account of bim,ii.97. XIV. Pope, an account of, ii. 98.
XV. Pope, his administration peaceable, and whence, ii. 98; enrolls the first saint, 109.
the Sophist, the head of the Nomi- nalists, and his disciples in ix cent. ii. 144 and s, t.
of Salisbury, his great character, ii. 293.
King of England, opposes the Pope's choice of Langton to the see of Canter- bury, and the consequences, ii. 352; is excommunicated and deposed, 353, 354; prepares to oppose the despotism of Innocent III. and how prevented, ib. resigns his crown, and swears fealty to the Pope, 354.
de Matha and Felix de Valois, found the order of the fraternity of the Trinity in xiii cent. ii. 366.
of Parma, a famous ecclesiastic in xiii cent. ii. 379.
XXII. Pope, a zealous advocate for Crusades, and the supposed reasons, ii. 441; his character, 458; engages in a war with Lewis, Duke of Bavaria, 459; who deposes him, ibid. is accused of heresy, 460; his fear of being deemed an heretic after his decease, 461; and s; his severity to the Fratricelli, 473;
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