Damascenus, John, his concise and com- prehensive view of Aristotle's doctrines, i. 486; is followed by many in the study of this philosophy, 487; his character, 506; Commentary on St. Paul's Epis- tles, 509; systematic works, 514; pole- mic writings, 515. Damianists, a sect in vi cent. i. 438; their founder Damian, Bishop of Alexandria, ibid. doctrine of the Trinity, ibid. Damien, Petrus, his character, ii. 201; moral, 104; and controversial works, 202.
Damyla, Nilus, a zealous advocate for the Greeks against the Latins in xiv cent. ii. 483.
Dancers, a sect in xiv cent. ii. 504 and k. Danhaver, John Conrad, opposes Rhein- both in his opinions in xvii cent. iv. 56. Daniel, Gabriel, defends the Jesuits, iii. 170 z.
Dante, his character, zeal, and success in restoring the purity of the genuine elo- quence of the Latins in xiv cent. ii. 449. Dantzic, small Socinian sect founded at, in xvi cent. iii, 373.
Dantzigers, or Prussians, a sect of the re- formed Anabaptists, and why so called, iv. 163 and h.
Darensis, Johannes, his explications of the pretended Dionysius, i. 515. David, Francis, propagates Socinianism in Transylvania, iii. 371; adopts the doc- trine of Budnæus about Christ, 380; his imprisonment and death, ibid. and u. Davidists, David Georgians, a ridiculous sect in xvi cent. iii. 350; impiety of the founder, why exaggerated, 351; some remains of them in Holstein, Friesland, and other countries, ibid. Deaconesses, in the primitive church, their office described, i. 90.
Deacons, of the church at Jerusalem, their office described, i. 89; if the young men who carried out Ananias and Sapphira, belonged to this order, 90, h. Decius, the dreadful persecution under him, and consequences, i. 197. Decretals, forged, procured by the Pontiff's to establish their supremacy in ix cent. ii. 24 and z, a; a collection of them made in xiii cent. by Raymond of Pennafort, ii. 346 and i.
Deists, promote their principles with im- punity under Cromwell in xvii cent. and their chiefs, iv. 106; account of them in xviii cent. their notions, and principal writers, iv. 188; essential religion, its author and refutation, ibid. and d. Deities, Heathen, who admitted to this honour, i. 33 and m.
Delft, assembly of the Dutch clergy held at, by which every candidate for orders is obliged to declare his abhorrence of Cartesianism, iv. 116.
Demiirge, of the Eastern philosophers who, and his character, i. 81. Denmark, converted to Christianity in ix cent. ii. 3; and confirmed in it in x cent. 78; the rise and progress of the Refor- mation in xvi cent. iii. 62, 64. Derusi, or Drusi, an account of, in xii cent. ii. 333, z.
Des Cartes. See Cartes, ii. 431, &c. Desiderius, Bishop of Cahors, his epistles, i. 456.
D'Espence, an eminent expositor in xv cent. iii. 160.
Devay, Matthias, with others, introduces the doctrine of the Swiss churches into Hungary and Transylvania, iii. 298. Deurhoff, William, accused of a propensity to Spinozism, his notions and works, iv. 208.
Dezius, his absurd attempt to prove no difference between the council of Trent and the confession of Augsburg, iii. 470 and w.
Diadochus, a moral writer in v cent. his works, i. 363.
Didymus attacks the whole body of Here- tics in iv cent. i. 288. Dinant, David of, a great admirer and dis- ciple of Almaric, his fundamental prin- ciple, ii. 435.
Diocesses, their origin, i. 92. Dioclesian, prosecution under, how pro- cured, i. 246; the causes and horrid se- verity, 247 and f; brings the affairs of the Christians to a dangerous crisis, 248. Diodorus, Bishop of Tarsus, an account of, i. 278; his interpretation of the Scrip- tures, 284.
Dion Cassius, an eminent rhetorician in iii cent. i. 204; combats barbarism, ibid. Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria, the Great, so called from his great erudition and moderation, i. 213 and a; his moral writings, 220.
the Areopagite, a Greek fanatic under that name in iv cent. i. 289; the success of his gloomy notions, ibid. and n.
pretended Areopagite, his works, i. 423; panegyrics on him, ii. 42; his writings translated by the order of Lew- is the Meek, ibid. and u, w; life by Hilduin, 43.
the Little, his works, i. 417, 423. the Geographer, when he lived,
chief of the Mystics, an account of, ii. 558.
-the Carthusian, attempts an association between the Mystics and Schoolmen in xiv cent. ii. 559. Dioptra, a dialogue between the body and the soul, by Philip the Solitary, an ac- count of, ii. 297.
Diocorus, an account of, i. 391. Dippeliu, John Conrad, a Hessian divine.
his fanaticism and insolence, iv. 49; character of him and his writings, ibid. and q.
Disciples, LXX. their authority and office, accounts of, uncertain, i. 85; their com- mission extended only to the Jews, ibid. Discords, between Greeks and Latins, seeds sown in vii cent. i. 462.
Divines, Belgic, declare war against the form of concord, iii. 355; adopt the sentiments of Voet, and assist him in his controversy with Des Cartes in xvii
Saxon, adopt in appearance the opinion of Augustus, Elector of Saxony, and his followers in xvi cent. iii. 251, 252 and w; but endeavour to abolish it, ibid. convened at Torgaw; some im- prisoned and banished, ibid. and x; attack Calixtus, iv. 34; their malicious conduct after his decease, 33; draw up a new creed, ibid.
Divinity, systematic, none to be met with in ii cent. i. 152.
Doctors, Christian, a famous division of, into two classes in xii cent. ii. 292; their manner of expounding Scripture, 293; oppositions from both sides, with the effects, 293, 294.
Lutheran, corrupted by the stra tagem of the Jesuits, iii. 227; never at- tempted to give a regular system of mo- rality, ibid. favourite maxim among them, iv. 22 and w.
Swiss, write against the form of concord, iii. 263; aim to reduce all churches under one form of ecclesias- tical government, 255; are far from adopting the doctrine of Predestination, 270; endeavour to reconcile the Puri- tans and Church of England, 318. Doctrine, secret, among the ancient Chris- tians, in what it consisted, i. 101.
fathers, of the Christian, in France and Italy, founded in xvi cent. by Cæsar de Bus, iii. 150. Dodwell, Henry, his works in defence of the Non-juring Bishops, an account of, iv. 112, 113 and I.
Dolet, a supposed infidel in xvi cent. iii.
Dominic, his zeal in extirpating error, and destroying Heretics, ii. 370; founds an order of Monks, 371; dies at Bologna,ib. Dominicans, an order of Monks founded in xiii cent. ii. 370; the vow of absolute
poverty is imposed on them by their founder, 371, some sent into England, found Monasteries, and are known there by the name of Black Friars, 372; call- ed Jacobins in France, with other ap- pellations, 371, r; esteemed by the Popes, with the eminent services done to the latter, 373; dispute between them and the university of Paris, 374; its decision in their favour by the Pope, 375 and b; warmly opposed by St. Amour, ibid. erect their first court of inquisition at Thoulouse, 424; deny that Dominic founded this Tribunal, 423 sub not. g; model it after the Tribunal of Penance, 424; deprived of their ancient honours, and how long, 495 and n; the cruel and impious fraud practised by them at Berne, in xvi cent. iii. 18 and k; disco- very and fate of the actors, sub fin. not. greatly instrumental in obtaining the condemnation of Luther, 20; their doc- trine of the sacraments, what, 171, b. Domitian, persecutes the Christians, and why, i. 67; the martyrs, who, 71. Donatists, rise of the controversy with, i. 308; whence so called, 310 and e; their dispute with Cæcilianus, 309; their ap- peal to Constantine against him, 310; the cause determined against them in two councils, ibid. their invectives against Constantine, who determines in favour of Cæcilianus, and the conse- quences, 310, 311; their state under Julian and Gratian, 313; the two causes of their decline, ibid. the principal crime they are charged with, ibid. their defeat in the reign of Honorius, i. 372 ; and suppression, 432. Dorotheus, Abbot of Palestine, his ascetic
dissertations, i. 456; moral works, 460. Dort, synod of, in which the doctrine of Arminius is condemned, iv. 78; its de- cisions treated with contempt in Eng- land, 80; and neglected among the re- formed in France, ibid. disliked by King James I. and the English clergy, 92, 93.
Dositheus, a Samaritan impostor, impro perly called an Heretic, i. 116 and u. Doxopatrius, eminent for his knowledge in ecclesiastical polity, ii. 193. Druthmar, Christian, his Commentary on St. Matthew, ii. 31. Dudith, his character, iii. 364, u. Dulcinus, an eminent fanatic in xiii cent. ii. 437, the leader of the sect of the apostles, 438; his death, ibid. Dunbar, Lord Treasurer, procures the fa- mous act of the assembly of Scotland in favour of episcopacy under James I. of England, iv. 92, sub not. f. Dungal, an Irishman, his great character, ii. 16; writes in defence of images, ii. 47. Dunkelspuhl, Nicholas, his zeal in reform- ing the monks in xv cent. iii. 542.
Dunstan, of Glassenbury, his character
and works, ii. 104 and p. Duraus, John, bis pacific exploits, iv. 10; great character, 11; some of his tenets, 12; propensity to the sentiments of the Mystics, and Quakers, ibid. Durandus, William, an account of, ii. 400. of St. Portion, a polemic di-
vine in xiv cent. ii. 487. Durasians, Duruzians, a sect which inhabit Mount Libanus, iii. 99; their origin and religion uncertain, 199 and f. Dutch, their schemes for propagating their doctrine in the East Indies, iii. 410; zeal for spreading the gospel truths in the American provinces Low obstructed, and success in Surinam inconsiderable, 417 and u, 418 and w; sects among them in xvii cent. iv. 123. Duytz, Rupert of, his great character, ii. 282; an eminent expositor in xii cent. 289; refutes the Jews, 298; his senti- ments of the Eucharist, and other re- ligious contests, 304.
East, the remains of ancient sects, in xvi cent. ii. 420. Easter, disputes in ii cent. about the time of keeping it, i. 167; occasion and pro- gress of them, ibid. they prevail princi- pally between the Asiatics and Romans, 168; hence is drawn a striking argu- ment against the supremacy of the Bi- shop of Rome, 169, w; the progress of this dissension stopped by the prudence of Irenæus, and the Asiatic Christians' letter, ibid. the celebration made the same through all Christian churches, by the council of Nice, ibid. Ebionites, a sect of Heretics, who lived in ii cent. i. 121; their origin, 171; Gos- pel, ibid. and f; whence they derived their name, doubtful, 172; their tenets very dangerous, ibid. and i, k. Eccard, Henry, a brother of the Free Spi- rit, a man of great erudition and family
in xiv cent. ii. 502. Echellensis, Abraham, his pacificatory at- tempts to reconcile the Greek and La- tin churches, in xvii cent. iii. 553. Eckius, one of the first adversaries of Lu- ther, iii. 29; his dispute with Carolo- stadt on the power and freedom of the human will, and with Luther on the power of the Pope, 35, 36, and c; urges Pope Leo X. to excommunicate the lat- ter, 40, 41, and n; his dispute with Me- lancthon at Worms, 82. Eclectics, philosophers, their order esta- blished at Alexandria, and whence their rise, i. 42; how different from those philosophers of this name in the time of Ammonius, 140; who prefer Plato to all others, 138.
philosophers, so called in xvii
cent. iii. 448; method, ibid. most fa- mous among them, ibid.
Ecthesis, edict, published by the Emperor Heraclius in ix cent. i. 468; received in the East, but rejected by Pope John IV. 469. Eginhard, Abbot of Selingestat, his cha- racter, ii. 14; author of the life of Charlemagne, 30; admired for the beauty of the diction, and elegant per- spicuity of style, ibid.
Egyptian sect of Gnostics, their notions, i. 173; different from the Asiatic Gnos- ties, and in what, with their various leaders, 178, 179.
Elcesaites, an heretical sect in i cent. and their founder, i. 173. Elfric, Archbishop of Canterbury, his character and works, ii. 104 and q. Eligius, or Eloi, Bishop of Limoges, his works, i. 456; account of a good Chris- tian in vii cent. 457, w.
Ellipand, Archbishop of Toledo, his here- tical tenets, i. 513 and k. Elizabeth, of Schonauge, the Prophetess in xii cent. ii. 286.
-, Queen, her character and reli- gious establishment, iii. 93, 94; her propensity to Romish usages considered, 285 and 1; oppresses the Puritans, 286; her opinion concerning church govern- ment, 304 and x.
Princess Palatine, shows favour to the Labbadists in xvii cent. iv. 177; her taste for fanaticism, and account of, ibid. c.
Elliot, John, his success in converting the Indians, and character, iii. 416. Elmacin, George, an historian, who wrote the history of the Saracens in xiii cent. ii. 336.
Elxai, and his followers, an account of, i. 173.
Emperors, Christian, their severity against Paganism in iv cent. why levelled against the multitude, i. 259. Empire, Roman, its state at Christ's birth, i. 29; the nature of its government con- sidered, 30; its extent advantageous to Christianity, ibid. enjoys peace at the time of Christ's appearance, and the necessity for such a tranquillity to the success of the gospel, ibid. 31.
eastern, its decline in viii cent. through intestine divisions, and the in- vasion of the Turks, i. 484; in xv cent. with the cause, ii. 509.
England, its advantages for literature in vii cent. due to Theodore of Tarsus, ii. 450 and e; learning promoted in ix cent. by Alfred, ii. 13; the study of the sci- ences encouraged by William the Con- queror, 137; some nuns here in xii cent. 273; renounces the opinions of Calvin, relative to the divine decrees, iii. 263; court of Rome fails in its at-
tempts against it, 463; private enemies of Christianity here in xviii cent. with some mistakes rectified, iv. 187, 188, and c. English, send missionaries into America in xvi cent. iii. 119; obstinately reject the plan of Geneva, 306; dissensions and two parties thereupon, ibid. this schism how prevented from extending to the Reformed abroad, and maxim laid down for this purpose, 307 and b; their missions in America, 415; parti- cularly Independents and Puritans, 416. Ennodius, Bishop of Ticinum, his adula- tory apology for Symmachus the Ro- man Pontiff in vi cent. and its conse- quences, i. 413 and c, and 417; his works, 423. Eon, a fanatic in xii cent. ii. 320; his fran- tic notion of being the future judge of mankind, 321; a reflection on the sen- tence passed on him, ibid. Ephesus, third general council, condemns Nestorius, i. 379; the doctrine con- cerning Christ established at this coun- cil commonly received among Chris- tians, ibid. what judgment impartially must be made concerning this contro- versy, ibid. 380 and p, q.
council there, why called the assembly of robbers, i. 385; the acts of this council annulled by a council at Chalcedon, ibid.
Ephraim, the Syrian, his character, i. 278 and d.
Epictetus, an ornament to the Stoics, i. 137.
Epicureans, their principal
what, i. 39 and d; why held in the greatest esteem, 137.
Epiphanius, his character and works, i. 277 and a.
Episcopacy, acquires strength from the councils, i. 146; triumphs in England under James I. iv. 92, 93, and ƒ; intro- duced into Scotland by Archbishop Abbot's councils, ibid. Episcopius, Simon, defends the Arminians at the synod of Dort, and his great character, iv. 135; the first Professor of divinity among the Arminians, 437; forms their doctrine into a regular sys- tem, 439 and c.
Erasmus, of Rotterdam, attacks the super- stitions of the clergy and court of Rome in his writings, iii. 11; character of his Latin New Testament and Paraphrase, 160.
Eremites, Hermits, their character, i. 292 and u.
Ernest, Justinian, his plan for propagating the gospel abroad, how prevented, iii.
- of Hesse, changes his religion, and a reflection thereon, iii. 476 and n.
of Saxe Gotha, his design of in-
structing the Abyssinians, by Abbot Gregory, who is shipwrecked, iii. 561; afterward by Wansleb, and how disap- pointed, ibid. and x.
Essenes, a Jewish sect, an account of them, i. 45, 46, 47.
Ethelbert, king of the Anglo-Saxons, con- verted to Christianity in vi cent. i. 398; his conversion the cause of many others being converted, ibid.
a monkish historian in x cent.
ii. 90.' Etherianus, Hugo, a vehement opposer of the Greeks, in xii cent. ii. 298. Ethiopians. See Abassines and Abyssi-
Evagrius, an account of his Ecclesiastical history, i. 416.
Evangelists, to whom this title is due, i.
Eucharist, controversy in ix cent. con- cerning Christ's presence, ii. 49; no fixed opinion concerning this doctrine in the Latin churches, 51; the cause of an imaginary heresy called Stercoran- ism, ibid. how explained in x cent. 106, 107, and t; revived in xi cent. 208; the nature and manner of Christ's presence not determined by the Romish church, ibid. sub fin. not. doctrine of transub- stantiation introduced in xiii cent. ii. 403; rites instituted in relation to it, 416; the bread in it deified, according to the expression of the Romanists, ibid. the opus operatum in it, what, iii. 171 and b; frequent celebration of it, a subject of debate in the Romish church, ibid.
Eucherius, Bishop of Lyons, a good moral writer in v cent. i. 355. Euchites. See Massalians. Eugenius III. Pope, his good character, and the troubles he underwent, ii. 263.
IV. Pope, calls the council of Basil, ii. 533; dislikes their proceed- ings, and attempts in vain to dissolve it, 535; assembles a council at Ferrara, ibid. and removes it to Florence, ibid. is deposed by the council of Basil, ibid.
Eugyppius, a writer of the lives of the saints, i. 423.
Eulogius, of Antioch, a polemic writer in vi cent. i. 416. Eusebius, answers
Hierocles' works against Christianity in iv cent. i. 260. Bishop of Cæsarea, his charac- ter, i. 276; if an Arian, ibid. and s; writes an apology for Origen, 299. Eustathian troubles, i. 296; the leader of this sect chargeable with fanaticism, ibid. Eustathius, Bishop of Antioch, his writings lost, i. 278.
Eustratius, his work and character, ii. 281. Eutyches, his sentiments concerning Christ, and supposed tenets, i. 383, 384 and a; is excommunicated, and de- posed by Flavianus on account of his principles, 384; appeals to a general council, and is acquitted in a council at Ephesus by Dioscorus, ibid. Eutychian sect, its rise in v cent. i. 383; doctrine opposite to Nestorianism, but equally prejudicial to Christianity, ibid. its state in vi cent. 434. Eutychius, Bishop of Alexandria, his zeal for advancing learning, ii. 88; his cha- racter and works, 104 and l. Exarchs, the nature of their office, i. 271. Excommunication, necessary in the infan-
cy of the Christian church, i. 102; irre- versible after the second exclusion, ib. the nature and extent of it in viii cent. i. 495 and p; warm contest about it in xvi cent. by whom excited, and the di- visions it produced, iii. 335, 336.
Fabricius, John Lewis, opposes the endea- vours of Lubieniecius to settle the So- cinians in the Palatinate, iv. 171; his candid sentiments relative to the impor- tance of the controversy between the Lutherans and Roman Catholics, and controversy occasioned by them, 202. Facundus, bis works, i. 417. Fanatics, many infect the Greeks in xii cent. ii. 304; disputes between some and Luther in xvi cent. iii. 230, 231; their leaders, ibid. exeite tumults, ibid. and d; embrace the communion of the Mennonites, 231.
Farel, his works, iii. 319.
Farnovians, a sect of Socinians in xvi cent. iii. 382.
Farnovius, Farnesius, founder of the Far- novian sect, iii. 382; his tenets and eminent disciples, ibid. separates from the Unitarians, ibid. Fasting, when introduced into the Chris- tian church, i. 109; considered as a se- curity against the power of Dæmons, 229; the manner of observing this cus- tom in iv cent. 305. Fathers, Apostolic, their general charac-
ter, i. 97; the merit of their moral writings examined, 155; remarkable veneration paid to them, and to all theo- logical writers of the first six centuries, i. 513. Faulkan, Constantine, minister to the king of Siam, his character, iii. 394; invites the French there secretly, ib. is put to death with the king his master, iii. 395 and r.
Felix II. Bishop of Rome, deposes and excommunicates Acacius, Bishop of Constantinople, i. 389; articles alleged in defence of this proceeding, and the true reasons, ibid. and 390.
Fenelon, Archbishop of Cambray, defends Madam Guyon against Bossuet, iii. 545; adopts several of her tenets in a book which he published, ibid. and q; and which is afterward condemned at the instigation of Bossuet, with Fenelon's conduct hereupon, 545, 546, and r; his singular sentiments of the public reli- gion of his country, iv. 220. Ferrara, council of, held by Eugenius IV. in xv cent. ii. 535; removed to Flo- rence, ibid. endeavours to reconcile the Greeks and Latins, 536.
Festivals, the increase of, in iv cent. with the cause, i. 304, 305; abuse of them, 305; their number in vi cent. i. 430; seem to be instituted after a Pagan mo- del, ib. one instituted in remembrance of all departed souls in x cent. at the command of Odilo, Abbot of Clugni, ii. 113.
Ficinus, Marsilius, an ornament to the Platonics in xv cent. ii. 550; attempts an union between the Mystics and Schoolmen, ib. his polemic work, ibid. Fifth monarchy men, their rise, character, and notions in xvii cent. iv. 106. Finlanders, converted to Christianity, and by what means, in xii cent. ii. 229; the severity of the founder of their church, and his unhappy fate, ibid.
Firmin, propagates the gospel in viii cent. and his sufferings on that account, i- 480 and f.
Fisher, Samuc!, assists Fox in reducing Quakerism to a kind of regular form, and his character, iv. 149, 154. Flacius, Matthias, his Centuria Magde- burgenses, iii. 218; Glossary and key to the Scriptures, 224; disputes with Mc- lancthon, 240; defends the doctrine of Luther, and excites divisions in the church, 243; his contest with Strige- lius, and some particulars of it, 244, 245; consequences of his imprudence and obstinacy, 246. Flagellants, rise and account of this absurd sect in xiii cent. ii. 403, 404, and r; sup- pressed, ib. but revive in the following cent. 503; their impious tenets, ibid. a new sect of them in xy cent. 568; many suffer from the inquisition, ibid. and o; the sum of their doctrine, ibid. o. Flavianus, Bishop of Constantinople, beat to death in the second council of Ephe- sus, i. 384 and b, c. Flemingians, a sect of Anabaptists in xvi cent. ii. 337: maintain Menno's doc-
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