D.

Damascenus, John, his concise and com-
prehensive view of Aristotle's doctrines,
i. 486; is followed by many in the study
of this philosophy, 487; his character,
506; Commentary on St. Paul's Epis-
tles, 509; systematic works, 514; pole-
mic writings, 515.
Damianists, a sect in vi cent. i. 438; their
founder Damian, Bishop of Alexandria,
ibid. doctrine of the Trinity, ibid.
Damien, Petrus, his character, ii. 201;
moral, 104; and controversial works,
202.

Damyla, Nilus, a zealous advocate for the
Greeks against the Latins in xiv cent.
ii. 483.

Dancers, a sect in xiv cent. ii. 504 and k.
Danhaver, John Conrad, opposes Rhein-
both in his opinions in xvii cent. iv. 56.
Daniel, Gabriel, defends the Jesuits, iii.
170 z.

Dante, his character, zeal, and success in
restoring the purity of the genuine elo-
quence of the Latins in xiv cent. ii. 449.
Dantzic, small Socinian sect founded at,
in xvi cent. iii, 373.

Dantzigers, or Prussians, a sect of the re-
formed Anabaptists, and why so called,
iv. 163 and h.

Darensis, Johannes, his explications of the
pretended Dionysius, i. 515.
David, Francis, propagates Socinianism in
Transylvania, iii. 371; adopts the doc-
trine of Budnæus about Christ, 380; his
imprisonment and death, ibid. and u.
Davidists, David Georgians, a ridiculous
sect in xvi cent. iii. 350; impiety of the
founder, why exaggerated, 351; some
remains of them in Holstein, Friesland,
and other countries, ibid.
Deaconesses, in the primitive church, their
office described, i. 90.

Deacons, of the church at Jerusalem, their
office described, i. 89; if the young men
who carried out Ananias and Sapphira,
belonged to this order, 90, h.
Decius, the dreadful persecution under
him, and consequences, i. 197.
Decretals, forged, procured by the Pontiff's
to establish their supremacy in ix cent.
ii. 24 and z, a; a collection of them made
in xiii cent. by Raymond of Pennafort,
ii. 346 and i.

Deists, promote their principles with im-
punity under Cromwell in xvii cent. and
their chiefs, iv. 106; account of them
in xviii cent. their notions, and principal
writers, iv. 188; essential religion, its
author and refutation, ibid. and d.
Deities, Heathen, who admitted to this
honour, i. 33 and m.

Delft, assembly of the Dutch clergy held
at, by which every candidate for orders
is obliged to declare his abhorrence of
Cartesianism, iv. 116.

Demiirge, of the Eastern philosophers
who, and his character, i. 81.
Denmark, converted to Christianity in ix
cent. ii. 3; and confirmed in it in x cent.
78; the rise and progress of the Refor-
mation in xvi cent. iii. 62, 64.
Derusi, or Drusi, an account of, in xii
cent. ii. 333, z.

Des Cartes. See Cartes, ii. 431, &c.
Desiderius, Bishop of Cahors, his epistles,
i. 456.

D'Espence, an eminent expositor in xv
cent. iii. 160.

Devay, Matthias, with others, introduces
the doctrine of the Swiss churches into
Hungary and Transylvania, iii. 298.
Deurhoff, William, accused of a propensity
to Spinozism, his notions and works, iv.
208.

Dezius, his absurd attempt to prove no
difference between the council of Trent
and the confession of Augsburg, iii. 470
and w.

Diadochus, a moral writer in v cent. his
works, i. 363.

Didymus attacks the whole body of Here-
tics in iv cent. i. 288.
Dinant, David of, a great admirer and dis-
ciple of Almaric, his fundamental prin-
ciple, ii. 435.

Diocesses, their origin, i. 92.
Dioclesian, prosecution under, how pro-
cured, i. 246; the causes and horrid se-
verity, 247 and f; brings the affairs of
the Christians to a dangerous crisis, 248.
Diodorus, Bishop of Tarsus, an account of,
i. 278; his interpretation of the Scrip-
tures, 284.

Dion Cassius, an eminent rhetorician in
iii cent. i. 204; combats barbarism, ibid.
Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria, the
Great, so called from his great erudition
and moderation, i. 213 and a; his moral
writings, 220.

the Areopagite, a Greek fanatic
under that name in iv cent. i. 289; the
success of his gloomy notions, ibid.
and n.

pretended Areopagite, his works,
i. 423; panegyrics on him, ii. 42; his
writings translated by the order of Lew-
is the Meek, ibid. and u, w; life by
Hilduin, 43.

ii. 169.

the Little, his works, i. 417, 423.
the Geographer, when he lived,

chief of the Mystics, an account
of, ii. 558.

-the Carthusian, attempts an
association between the Mystics and
Schoolmen in xiv cent. ii. 559.
Dioptra, a dialogue between the body and
the soul, by Philip the Solitary, an ac-
count of, ii. 297.

Diocorus, an account of, i. 391.
Dippeliu, John Conrad, a Hessian divine.

his fanaticism and insolence, iv. 49;
character of him and his writings, ibid.
and q.

Disciples, LXX. their authority and office,
accounts of, uncertain, i. 85; their com-
mission extended only to the Jews, ibid.
Discords, between Greeks and Latins,
seeds sown in vii cent. i. 462.

Divines, Belgic, declare war against the
form of concord, iii. 355; adopt the
sentiments of Voet, and assist him in
his controversy with Des Cartes in xvii

cent. iv. 116.

Saxon, adopt in appearance the
opinion of Augustus, Elector of Saxony,
and his followers in xvi cent. iii. 251,
252 and w; but endeavour to abolish it,
ibid. convened at Torgaw; some im-
prisoned and banished, ibid. and x;
attack Calixtus, iv. 34; their malicious
conduct after his decease, 33; draw up
a new creed, ibid.

Divinity, systematic, none to be met with
in ii cent. i. 152.

Doctors, Christian, a famous division of,
into two classes in xii cent. ii. 292;
their manner of expounding Scripture,
293; oppositions from both sides, with
the effects, 293, 294.

Lutheran, corrupted by the stra
tagem of the Jesuits, iii. 227; never at-
tempted to give a regular system of mo-
rality, ibid. favourite maxim among
them, iv. 22 and w.

Swiss, write against the form of
concord, iii. 263; aim to reduce all
churches under one form of ecclesias-
tical government, 255; are far from
adopting the doctrine of Predestination,
270; endeavour to reconcile the Puri-
tans and Church of England, 318.
Doctrine, secret, among the ancient Chris-
tians, in what it consisted, i. 101.

fathers, of the Christian, in
France and Italy, founded in xvi cent.
by Cæsar de Bus, iii. 150.
Dodwell, Henry, his works in defence of
the Non-juring Bishops, an account of,
iv. 112, 113 and I.

Dolet, a supposed infidel in xvi cent. iii.

119.

Dominic, his zeal in extirpating error, and
destroying Heretics, ii. 370; founds an
order of Monks, 371; dies at Bologna,ib.
Dominicans, an order of Monks founded
in xiii cent. ii. 370; the vow of absolute

poverty is imposed on them by their
founder, 371, some sent into England,
found Monasteries, and are known there
by the name of Black Friars, 372; call-
ed Jacobins in France, with other ap-
pellations, 371, r; esteemed by the
Popes, with the eminent services done
to the latter, 373; dispute between them
and the university of Paris, 374; its
decision in their favour by the Pope, 375
and b; warmly opposed by St. Amour,
ibid. erect their first court of inquisition
at Thoulouse, 424; deny that Dominic
founded this Tribunal, 423 sub not. g;
model it after the Tribunal of Penance,
424; deprived of their ancient honours,
and how long, 495 and n; the cruel and
impious fraud practised by them at
Berne, in xvi cent. iii. 18 and k; disco-
very and fate of the actors, sub fin. not.
greatly instrumental in obtaining the
condemnation of Luther, 20; their doc-
trine of the sacraments, what, 171, b.
Domitian, persecutes the Christians, and
why, i. 67; the martyrs, who, 71.
Donatists, rise of the controversy with, i.
308; whence so called, 310 and e; their
dispute with Cæcilianus, 309; their ap-
peal to Constantine against him, 310;
the cause determined against them in
two councils, ibid. their invectives
against Constantine, who determines in
favour of Cæcilianus, and the conse-
quences, 310, 311; their state under
Julian and Gratian, 313; the two causes
of their decline, ibid. the principal
crime they are charged with, ibid. their
defeat in the reign of Honorius, i. 372 ;
and suppression, 432.
Dorotheus, Abbot of Palestine, his ascetic

dissertations, i. 456; moral works, 460.
Dort, synod of, in which the doctrine of
Arminius is condemned, iv. 78; its de-
cisions treated with contempt in Eng-
land, 80; and neglected among the re-
formed in France, ibid. disliked by
King James I. and the English clergy,
92, 93.

Dositheus, a Samaritan impostor, impro
perly called an Heretic, i. 116 and u.
Doxopatrius, eminent for his knowledge
in ecclesiastical polity, ii. 193.
Druthmar, Christian, his Commentary on
St. Matthew, ii. 31.
Dudith, his character, iii. 364, u.
Dulcinus, an eminent fanatic in xiii cent.
ii. 437, the leader of the sect of the
apostles, 438; his death, ibid.
Dunbar, Lord Treasurer, procures the fa-
mous act of the assembly of Scotland in
favour of episcopacy under James I. of
England, iv. 92, sub not. f.
Dungal, an Irishman, his great character,
ii. 16; writes in defence of images, ii. 47.
Dunkelspuhl, Nicholas, his zeal in reform-
ing the monks in xv cent. iii. 542.

Dunstan, of Glassenbury, his character

and works, ii. 104 and p.
Duraus, John, bis pacific exploits, iv. 10;
great character, 11; some of his tenets,
12; propensity to the sentiments of the
Mystics, and Quakers, ibid.
Durandus, William, an account of, ii. 400.
of St. Portion, a polemic di-

vine in xiv cent. ii. 487.
Durasians, Duruzians, a sect which inhabit
Mount Libanus, iii. 99; their origin and
religion uncertain, 199 and f.
Dutch, their schemes for propagating their
doctrine in the East Indies, iii. 410;
zeal for spreading the gospel truths in
the American provinces Low obstructed,
and success in Surinam inconsiderable,
417 and u, 418 and w; sects among
them in xvii cent. iv. 123.
Duytz, Rupert of, his great character, ii.
282; an eminent expositor in xii cent.
289; refutes the Jews, 298; his senti-
ments of the Eucharist, and other re-
ligious contests, 304.

E.

East, the remains of ancient sects, in xvi
cent. ii. 420.
Easter, disputes in ii cent. about the time
of keeping it, i. 167; occasion and pro-
gress of them, ibid. they prevail princi-
pally between the Asiatics and Romans,
168; hence is drawn a striking argu-
ment against the supremacy of the Bi-
shop of Rome, 169, w; the progress of
this dissension stopped by the prudence
of Irenæus, and the Asiatic Christians'
letter, ibid. the celebration made the
same through all Christian churches,
by the council of Nice, ibid.
Ebionites, a sect of Heretics, who lived in
ii cent. i. 121; their origin, 171; Gos-
pel, ibid. and f; whence they derived
their name, doubtful, 172; their tenets
very dangerous, ibid. and i, k.
Eccard, Henry, a brother of the Free Spi-
rit, a man of great erudition and family

in xiv cent. ii. 502.
Echellensis, Abraham, his pacificatory at-
tempts to reconcile the Greek and La-
tin churches, in xvii cent. iii. 553.
Eckius, one of the first adversaries of Lu-
ther, iii. 29; his dispute with Carolo-
stadt on the power and freedom of the
human will, and with Luther on the
power of the Pope, 35, 36, and c; urges
Pope Leo X. to excommunicate the lat-
ter, 40, 41, and n; his dispute with Me-
lancthon at Worms, 82.
Eclectics, philosophers, their order esta-
blished at Alexandria, and whence their
rise, i. 42; how different from those
philosophers of this name in the time of
Ammonius, 140; who prefer Plato to all
others, 138.

philosophers, so called in xvii

cent. iii. 448; method, ibid. most fa-
mous among them, ibid.

Ecthesis, edict, published by the Emperor
Heraclius in ix cent. i. 468; received
in the East, but rejected by Pope John
IV. 469.
Eginhard, Abbot of Selingestat, his cha-
racter, ii. 14; author of the life of
Charlemagne, 30; admired for the
beauty of the diction, and elegant per-
spicuity of style, ibid.

Egyptian sect of Gnostics, their notions,
i. 173; different from the Asiatic Gnos-
ties, and in what, with their various
leaders, 178, 179.

Elcesaites, an heretical sect in i cent.
and their founder, i. 173.
Elfric, Archbishop of Canterbury, his
character and works, ii. 104 and q.
Eligius, or Eloi, Bishop of Limoges, his
works, i. 456; account of a good Chris-
tian in vii cent. 457, w.

Ellipand, Archbishop of Toledo, his here-
tical tenets, i. 513 and k.
Elizabeth, of Schonauge, the Prophetess
in xii cent. ii. 286.

-, Queen, her character and reli-
gious establishment, iii. 93, 94; her
propensity to Romish usages considered,
285 and 1; oppresses the Puritans, 286;
her opinion concerning church govern-
ment, 304 and x.

Princess Palatine, shows favour
to the Labbadists in xvii cent. iv. 177;
her taste for fanaticism, and account of,
ibid. c.

Elliot, John, his success in converting the
Indians, and character, iii. 416.
Elmacin, George, an historian, who wrote
the history of the Saracens in xiii cent.
ii. 336.

Elxai, and his followers, an account of, i.
173.

Emperors, Christian, their severity against
Paganism in iv cent. why levelled
against the multitude, i. 259.
Empire, Roman, its state at Christ's birth,
i. 29; the nature of its government con-
sidered, 30; its extent advantageous to
Christianity, ibid. enjoys peace at the
time of Christ's appearance, and the
necessity for such a tranquillity to the
success of the gospel, ibid. 31.

eastern, its decline in viii cent.
through intestine divisions, and the in-
vasion of the Turks, i. 484; in xv cent.
with the cause, ii. 509.

England, its advantages for literature in
vii cent. due to Theodore of Tarsus, ii.
450 and e; learning promoted in ix cent.
by Alfred, ii. 13; the study of the sci-
ences encouraged by William the Con-
queror, 137; some nuns here in xii
cent. 273; renounces the opinions of
Calvin, relative to the divine decrees,
iii. 263; court of Rome fails in its at-

tempts against it, 463; private enemies
of Christianity here in xviii cent. with
some mistakes rectified, iv. 187, 188,
and c.
English, send missionaries into America
in xvi cent. iii. 119; obstinately reject
the plan of Geneva, 306; dissensions
and two parties thereupon, ibid. this
schism how prevented from extending
to the Reformed abroad, and maxim
laid down for this purpose, 307 and b;
their missions in America, 415; parti-
cularly Independents and Puritans, 416.
Ennodius, Bishop of Ticinum, his adula-
tory apology for Symmachus the Ro-
man Pontiff in vi cent. and its conse-
quences, i. 413 and c, and 417; his
works, 423.
Eon, a fanatic in xii cent. ii. 320; his fran-
tic notion of being the future judge of
mankind, 321; a reflection on the sen-
tence passed on him, ibid.
Ephesus, third general council, condemns
Nestorius, i. 379; the doctrine con-
cerning Christ established at this coun-
cil commonly received among Chris-
tians, ibid. what judgment impartially
must be made concerning this contro-
versy, ibid. 380 and p, q.

council there, why called the
assembly of robbers, i. 385; the acts of
this council annulled by a council at
Chalcedon, ibid.

Ephraim, the Syrian, his character, i. 278
and d.

Epictetus, an ornament to the Stoics, i.
137.

Epicureans, their principal

doctrines

what, i. 39 and d; why held in the
greatest esteem, 137.

Epiphanius, his character and works, i.
277 and a.

Episcopacy, acquires strength from the
councils, i. 146; triumphs in England
under James I. iv. 92, 93, and ƒ; intro-
duced into Scotland by Archbishop
Abbot's councils, ibid.
Episcopius, Simon, defends the Arminians
at the synod of Dort, and his great
character, iv. 135; the first Professor
of divinity among the Arminians, 437;
forms their doctrine into a regular sys-
tem, 439 and c.

Erasmus, of Rotterdam, attacks the super-
stitions of the clergy and court of Rome
in his writings, iii. 11; character of his
Latin New Testament and Paraphrase,
160.

Eremites, Hermits, their character, i. 292
and u.

Ernest, Justinian, his plan for propagating
the gospel abroad, how prevented, iii.

410.

- of Hesse, changes his religion, and
a reflection thereon, iii. 476 and n.

of Saxe Gotha, his design of in-

structing the Abyssinians, by Abbot
Gregory, who is shipwrecked, iii. 561;
afterward by Wansleb, and how disap-
pointed, ibid. and x.

Essenes, a Jewish sect, an account of
them, i. 45, 46, 47.

Ethelbert, king of the Anglo-Saxons, con-
verted to Christianity in vi cent. i. 398;
his conversion the cause of many others
being converted, ibid.

a monkish historian in x cent.

ii. 90.'
Etherianus, Hugo, a vehement opposer of
the Greeks, in xii cent. ii. 298.
Ethiopians. See Abassines and Abyssi-

nians.

Evagrius, an account of his Ecclesiastical
history, i. 416.

Evangelists, to whom this title is due, i.

84.

Eucharist, controversy in ix cent. con-
cerning Christ's presence, ii. 49; no
fixed opinion concerning this doctrine
in the Latin churches, 51; the cause of
an imaginary heresy called Stercoran-
ism, ibid. how explained in x cent. 106,
107, and t; revived in xi cent. 208; the
nature and manner of Christ's presence
not determined by the Romish church,
ibid. sub fin. not. doctrine of transub-
stantiation introduced in xiii cent. ii.
403; rites instituted in relation to it,
416; the bread in it deified, according
to the expression of the Romanists,
ibid. the opus operatum in it, what, iii.
171 and b; frequent celebration of it,
a subject of debate in the Romish
church, ibid.

Eucherius, Bishop of Lyons, a good moral
writer in v cent. i. 355.
Euchites. See Massalians.
Eugenius III. Pope, his good character,
and the troubles he underwent, ii. 263.

IV. Pope, calls the council of
Basil, ii. 533; dislikes their proceed-
ings, and attempts in vain to dissolve it,
535; assembles a council at Ferrara,
ibid. and removes it to Florence, ibid.
is deposed by the council of Basil,
ibid.

Eugyppius, a writer of the lives of the
saints, i. 423.

Eulogius, of Antioch, a polemic writer in
vi cent. i. 416.
Eusebius, answers

Hierocles' works
against Christianity in iv cent. i. 260.
Bishop of Cæsarea, his charac-
ter, i. 276; if an Arian, ibid. and s;
writes an apology for Origen, 299.
Eustathian troubles, i. 296; the leader of
this sect chargeable with fanaticism,
ibid.
Eustathius, Bishop of Antioch, his writings
lost, i. 278.

Eustratius, his work and character, ii. 281.
Eutyches, his sentiments concerning
Christ, and supposed tenets, i. 383, 384
and a; is excommunicated, and de-
posed by Flavianus on account of his
principles, 384; appeals to a general
council, and is acquitted in a council at
Ephesus by Dioscorus, ibid.
Eutychian sect, its rise in v cent. i. 383;
doctrine opposite to Nestorianism, but
equally prejudicial to Christianity, ibid.
its state in vi cent. 434.
Eutychius, Bishop of Alexandria, his zeal
for advancing learning, ii. 88; his cha-
racter and works, 104 and l.
Exarchs, the nature of their office, i. 271.
Excommunication, necessary in the infan-

cy of the Christian church, i. 102; irre-
versible after the second exclusion, ib.
the nature and extent of it in viii cent.
i. 495 and p; warm contest about it in
xvi cent. by whom excited, and the di-
visions it produced, iii. 335, 336.

F.

Fabricius, John Lewis, opposes the endea-
vours of Lubieniecius to settle the So-
cinians in the Palatinate, iv. 171; his
candid sentiments relative to the impor-
tance of the controversy between the
Lutherans and Roman Catholics, and
controversy occasioned by them, 202.
Facundus, bis works, i. 417.
Fanatics, many infect the Greeks in xii
cent. ii. 304; disputes between some
and Luther in xvi cent. iii. 230, 231;
their leaders, ibid. exeite tumults, ibid.
and d; embrace the communion of the
Mennonites, 231.

Farel, his works, iii. 319.

Farnovians, a sect of Socinians in xvi
cent. iii. 382.

Farnovius, Farnesius, founder of the Far-
novian sect, iii. 382; his tenets and
eminent disciples, ibid. separates from
the Unitarians, ibid.
Fasting, when introduced into the Chris-
tian church, i. 109; considered as a se-
curity against the power of Dæmons,
229; the manner of observing this cus-
tom in iv cent. 305.
Fathers, Apostolic, their general charac-

ter, i. 97; the merit of their moral
writings examined, 155; remarkable
veneration paid to them, and to all theo-
logical writers of the first six centuries,
i. 513.
Faulkan, Constantine, minister to the king
of Siam, his character, iii. 394; invites
the French there secretly, ib. is put to
death with the king his master, iii. 395
and r.

Felix II. Bishop of Rome, deposes and
excommunicates Acacius, Bishop of
Constantinople, i. 389; articles alleged
in defence of this proceeding, and the
true reasons, ibid. and 390.

Fenelon, Archbishop of Cambray, defends
Madam Guyon against Bossuet, iii. 545;
adopts several of her tenets in a book
which he published, ibid. and q; and
which is afterward condemned at the
instigation of Bossuet, with Fenelon's
conduct hereupon, 545, 546, and r; his
singular sentiments of the public reli-
gion of his country, iv. 220.
Ferrara, council of, held by Eugenius IV.
in xv cent. ii. 535; removed to Flo-
rence, ibid. endeavours to reconcile the
Greeks and Latins, 536.

Festivals, the increase of, in iv cent. with
the cause, i. 304, 305; abuse of them,
305; their number in vi cent. i. 430;
seem to be instituted after a Pagan mo-
del, ib. one instituted in remembrance
of all departed souls in x cent. at the
command of Odilo, Abbot of Clugni,
ii. 113.

Ficinus, Marsilius, an ornament to the
Platonics in xv cent. ii. 550; attempts
an union between the Mystics and
Schoolmen, ib. his polemic work, ibid.
Fifth monarchy men, their rise, character,
and notions in xvii cent. iv. 106.
Finlanders, converted to Christianity, and
by what means, in xii cent. ii. 229; the
severity of the founder of their church,
and his unhappy fate, ibid.

Firmin, propagates the gospel in viii cent.
and his sufferings on that account, i-
480 and f.

Fisher, Samuc!, assists Fox in reducing
Quakerism to a kind of regular form,
and his character, iv. 149, 154.
Flacius, Matthias, his Centuria Magde-
burgenses, iii. 218; Glossary and key to
the Scriptures, 224; disputes with Mc-
lancthon, 240; defends the doctrine of
Luther, and excites divisions in the
church, 243; his contest with Strige-
lius, and some particulars of it, 244,
245; consequences of his imprudence
and obstinacy, 246.
Flagellants, rise and account of this absurd
sect in xiii cent. ii. 403, 404, and r; sup-
pressed, ib. but revive in the following
cent. 503; their impious tenets, ibid. a
new sect of them in xy cent. 568; many
suffer from the inquisition, ibid. and o;
the sum of their doctrine, ibid. o.
Flavianus, Bishop of Constantinople, beat
to death in the second council of Ephe-
sus, i. 384 and b, c.
Flemingians, a sect of Anabaptists in xvi
cent. ii. 337: maintain Menno's doc-