349; infamous character, 363; abo- lishes all the acts of his predecessor, 387; institutes the jubilee, 418; his in- solent letters to Philip the Fair of France, and quarrel, 453; excommuni- cates the king, 454; is seized by the order of Philip, and dies, ibid. and g. Borri, Joseph Francis, his romantic no- tions, iii. 547; is sentenced to perpetual imprisonment, 548.
Bosius, George, his doctrine in xvii cent. iv. 51.
Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux, his character and works for reconciling the French Protestants, iii. 469, 470 and u; follow- ed by others of their own private au- thority, 471; plan of reconciliation re- commenced by the bishop of Tinia, who was commissioned for this purpose, ibid. but in vain, ibid. his defence of the Regale, 490, k; dispute with Fenelon, and the occasion, 545.
Boulanvilliers, Count, character of him, with his defence of Spinoza, iii. 428 and y.
Bourgogne, Jacques dé, his breach with Calvin, and the occasion, iii 317. Bourignon, Antoinette, an account of her enthusiasm, in xvii cent. iv. 179; her main and predominant principle, 180 and f; patrons of her fanatical doc- trine, ibid. and g, h.
Bowenson, Leonard, excites a warm con- test about excommunication in xvi cent. iii. 335; severe doctrine concerning it, 336.
Boyle, Robert, his lectures, iii. 418 and y, 431; his great character, 446. Brabantinus, an account of his treatise on bees, ii. 493.
Brachmans, veneration paid them by the Indians, iii. 390; their title assumed by Robert de Nobili, ibid. and 391, i; and by other Jesuits, ibid. and m. Bradwardine, Archbishop of Canterbury, an eminent mathematician in xiv cent. ii. 449; his book on Providence, 493. Brahe, Tycho, a celebrated astronomer in xvii cent. iii. 431.
Breckling, Frederick, his uncharitable wri- tings, and character, iv. 62 and h. Bredenberg, John, a collegiate, defends the doctrine of Spinoza, in xvii cent. iv. 176; debate between him and Cui- per concerning the use of reason in rc- ligious matters, ibid. and z. Bremen, republic of, embraces Calvin's doctrine and institutions, iii. 280 and b. Brethren and sisters of the Free Spirit, a sect in xiii cent. ii. 428, 429, and r, s; various names and singular behaviour, ibid. and t; dangerous and impious con- clusion drawn by them from their mys- tic theology, 430, 431; sentences from some more secret books belonging to them, ibid. and w; some among them
of eminent piety, ibid. place the whole of religion in internal devotion, ibid. their shocking violation of decency, 432 and y; execrable and blasphemous doc- trine of some among them, 432 and z; their first rise seems to have been in Italy, 434, a; several edicts against them in xiv cent. 500; prevail over all oppo- sition, 501; called by various names, 563; undergo severe punishments from the inquisition in xv cent. 564 and h; as also from Ziska, 565 and i. Brethren, and clerks of the common life, an account of them in xv cent. ii. 445; divisions into the lettered and illiterate, and their several employments, ib. sis- ters of this society how employed, ibid. the fame of the schools erected by them and of some eminent men educated in them, ibid. 546 and h, i.
white, their rise in xv cent. ii. 566; their name, whence, and what doctrines were taught by their chief, ibid. and k; their leader apprehended by Boniface IX. and burnt, with the sup- pression of the sect, ibid. and 1; vari- ous opinions concerning the equity of the sentence passed upon their leader, 567 and m.
British, ecclesiastics, successful in their ministry among the Germans in viii
Brito, Guil, and his character, ii. 340 and i. Britons, if converted as early as king Lu- cius, i. 125.
Brown, George, Archbishop of Dublin, his zeal in the cause of the Reformation in Ireland, iii. 96; his character, ibid. 1; Mosheim's mistake here, and Queen Mary's cruel designs in Ireland prevent- ed, ibid. m; deprived under her, who encourages Popery, that afterward re- ceives under Elizabeth a final and irrc- coverable blow to the interest of the Romish cause, 97 and n; his singular account of the genius and spirit of the Jesuits, 141, a.
Robert, founder of the Brownists in xvi cent. iii. 292; his notions, 293 and u; renounces his separation from the church of England, 294. Brownists, a sect of Puritans, iii. 292; their sentiments on church government, 293 and u; retire into the Netherlands, 294; their fate on their founder's renouncing his separation, ibid. r and y; doctrine and discipline censured, iv. 103. Brulifer, an eminent scholastic writer in XV cent. ii. 549. Bruno, attempts with Boniface the con- version of the Prussians, ii. 121; is massacred, with his colleague and other followers, ibid.
founder of the Carthusians in xi cent. ii. 189, h.
two of that name, ii. 194.
Bruno, Jordano, a supposed infidel in xvi cent. iii. 119. Bruys, Peter, attempts to reform the abuses and superstition of his times, and is charged with fanaticism, ii. 311, founder of the Petrobrussians, ibid. is burnt, ibid. some of his tenets, ibid. Bryennius, Nicephorus, an eminent his- torian in xii cent. ii. 246.
Josephus, his works, ii. 546. Bucer, Martin, endeavours to bring about a reconciliation between the Reformed and the Lutherans, iii. 267; how defeat- ed, 263; his attempts to modify the doctrine of the Swiss church to that of Luther, and how defeated, 274. Budneians, a sect of Socinians, their doc- trine, iii. 363; their founder, with his character and sentiments, 379, 380; who is excommunicated, but readmit- ted, ibid. and followed by William Da- vides, Francken, and others, ibid. Bugenhagius, draws up a form of religious government and doctrine, according to the principles of the Reformation, for the Danes, iii. 65; the salutary effect of this work in perfecting the Reformation in Denmark, ibid. and u.
John, his Harmonies of the Evangelists, iii. 224. Bullinger, his character, iii. 310; writings, 319.
Bulgarians, converted to Christianity in ix cent. ii. 4.
Burchard, Bishop of Worms, character of his Decreta, written in x cent. ii. 105. Burckhard, Francis, writes against the treaty of Passau, iii. 215.
Burg, Gibbon de, his pacificatory attempts
in xviii cent. iii. 469 and s. Burgundians, spontaneously embrace Christianity, i. 334; the cause to which this is imputed, ibid. inclined to Arian- ism, ibid.
Bulaus, Walter, the use of his works, ii. 450; his character, 488.
Bus, Cæsar de, founder of the order of the fathers of the Christian doctrine in xvi cent. iii. 151.
Buscherus, Statius, opposes the pacific projects of Calixtus in xvii cent. iv. 31; the conduct of the latter upon this occa- sion, 32; an account of the Crypto Pa- pismus of Buscherus, ibid.
Cabasilas, Nicholas, an eminent mathema- tician in xiv cent. ii. 447.
Nilus, his character, ii. 448. Cabballa, the source of many errors among the Jews, i. 50; derived from the Orien- tal philosophy, ibid. much taught and admired by the Jews, 82. Cæcilianus, Bishop of Carthage, condemn-
ed in iv cent. i. 309; the reasons alleged for it, ibid. meets with a violent oppo- sition from Donatus, ibid. and e.
Cælestius, his doctrine of original sin one main source of Pelagianism, i. 391; ac- count of, ibid. g.
Cæsarius of Arles, his works, i. 417, 423,
Cajetan, Cardinal, his conference at Augs- burg with Luther on the nature and ex- tent of indulgences, iii. 30; insolent behaviour, and fruitless issue of the de- bate, 31 and r; absurd expression con- cerning Christ's blood, 33 and x; cha- racter of his exposition of the Bible, 160.
Cainites, an account of their tenets, i. 185. Callistus, Nicephorus, his character and works, ii. 446, 487.
Calixtines, in Bohemia, their rise in xv cent. ii. 553; four demands, ibid. Calixtus, George, his zeal for reconciling the Protestants and Catholics in xvii cent. iii. 472; as also the Lutherans and Reformed, iv. 13; his peculiar method and form of theology, 27; system of moral theology, 29; author of Syncre- tism, and character, 31; opposed by whom, ibid. his death, 33 and d; doc- trine condemned, and creed drawn up against it by the Lutheran doctors, ibid. opinions, 35 and ƒ; his real design, ibid. sub fin. not. f; two great principles, with debates carried on with the doctors of Rintelen, Coningsberg, 36; and Jena, 37; the candid examination of Glas- sius on this occasion, ibid. and k.
Frederic Ulric, opposes the creed of the Lutheran doctors against Syncretism, iv. 34.
II. Pope, his great character, ii. 261; disputes concerning investitures subside by his prudence, ibid.
III. institutes in xv cent. the fes- tival of the Transfiguration, ii. 562. Calovius, a Lutheran writer in xvii cent. iv. 26; attacks Calixtus, 32; his ma- lignity against the disciples of Calixtus, even after his death, 33.
Calvin, John, a short character of him, iii. 68 and a, b; facilitated a reconciliation of the Reformed and Lutherans, 268, 269 and g; error here, 269; set on foot the controversy about predestination, 270; his opinion, and that of the ancient Helvetic doctors, ibid. the former, pro- pagated with discord, carried to the greatest height, 271; founder of the Reformed church, 274 and o; his grand views how in part executed, ibid. 275, 276 and p; doctrine and discipline alter- ed from that of Zuingle in three points, ibid. first, the power of the magistrate, ibid. second, the eucharist, little differ- ent from the Lutherans, though much from Zuingle, 277, 278 and q, r; dif- ferent from the Romanists, ibid. third, in God's absolute decree, ibid. his changes not approved or received by all the Reformed, 278, 279; gains ground
in Germany, 279; and in France, 281; in Scotland by Knox, and in England, 282; his system made the public rule of faith in the latter place under Edward VI. 283; his system adopted in the Ne- therlands, 295; his rigid discipline, and resolution in establishing it,and the dan- gers he is thereupon exposed to, 307, 308 and d; his interpretation of the precepts of Aristotle, 309; Commen- tary, and why sharply censured, 310; Institutes of the Christian religion, 312; Practical divinity, or life and manners of a true Christian, ibid. contest with the spiritual libertines, 313; with those of Geneva, 314; disputes with Castalio, 315; with Bolsec, 316; with Ochinus, 317; puts Servetus to death, 356; his method of interpreting Scripture scru- pulously followed by the members of the Reformed church, iv. 72. Calvinists, secret, favourers of, in Saxony,
iii. 250; whence called Crypto-Calvin- ists, 252; attempts to spread their doc- trine, 257; and consequences, with the death of Crellius, their chief patron,
Camaldolites, a monastic order, their rise in xi cent. ii. 186; founder Romuald, whose followers are divided into two classes, the Cœnobites, and the Ere- mites, ibid. and z.
Camateurs, Andronicus, his character, ii. 281.
Cambalu, now Pekin in China, erected by Clement V. into an archbishopric in xiv cent. ii. 442.
Camerarius, Joachim, a promoter of uni- versal learning, and his character, iii. 219; his Commentary on the New Tes- tament, 224.
Cameron, John, his reconciling doctrine and endeavours, iii. 83. Campanella, a philosopher in xvi cent. iii. 123; his character, ibid. p. Campanus, his heretical notions, iii. 355 and a.
Canon, of Scripture, supposed to be fixed
about i cent. i. 93; and reasons for this supposition, ibid.
Canons, a religious order, their origin in viii cent. i. 503; their founder Chrode- gangus, ibid. and h; encouraged by Lewis the Meek, ii. 27; who orders a new rule to be drawn up for their ob- servance, which is condemned, and in- stitutes the first Canonesses, 28 and h; the author of this rule, ibid. partiality of their historians, ibid. i; degenerate from their primitive purity, 29; cor- ruption among them in xi cent. 191; reformation attempted, and new laws made, ibid. distinction into regular and secular, 192; why called Regular ca- nons of St. Augustin, ibid. and p; in- troduction into England, ibid.
Capistran, John, his character, ii. 549; eminent for his defence of papal autho- rity, ibid.
Capito, Robert, an account of, ii. 341, 400 and i; his commentaries on Dionysius, 410.
Cappel, Lewis, charged with making im- prudent and base concessions, through a desire of diminishing the prejudices or resentment of the Papists against the Protestants in xvii cent. iv. 86; the voluminous and elaborate work under- taken by him, what, ibid. q, r, and s; zealously opposed, ibid. the churches of Switzerland alarmed at his opinions, and the event, iv. 125.
Capreolus, John, his character, ii. 548. Capuchins, their origin in xvi cent. and founder, iii. 147, 148 and i, k; envy against them, and why so called, ibid. and m, n; banished Venice in xvif cent. iii. 483; but recalled, 484, a. Caputiati, a sect of fanatics in xii cent. ii.
Caracalla, Emperor, his lenity to the Christians, i. 192.
Cardan, a philosopher in xvi cent. iii. 122; his character, ibid. n. Cardinals, the right of electing to the see of Rome vested in them by Nicholas II. in xi cent. ii. 150 and e; their origin and rights, 152 and h, i; divided into two classes of Cardinal Bishops and Cardinal Clerks, 153; and the meaning of these terms, 154 and n; their college augmented by Alexander III. 155.
in Rome, their number, iii. 126'; what incapable of being elected to the see of Rome, 127 and b.
Cario, an eminent historian among the Lutherans, iii. 218.
Carolostadt, his intemperate zeal and warm debates with Luther, iii. 232; excites a tumult at Wittemberg, ibid. and g; leaves Wittemberg, and opposes the sentiments of Luther concerning the Eucharist, ibid. and h; propagates his doctrine in Switzerland, 233; fa- vourable disposition toward the Ana- baptists, and enthusiastical teachers, ibid. charged with fanaticism, ibid. and i. Carmelites, a monastic order, their rise in xii cent. ii. 279; founded by Albert, patriarch of Jerusalem, ibid. their rule of discipline, ibid. and t; unwarrant-
able pretence to a very remote antiqui- ty, and that Elias was their founder, ibid. and u; the absurd arguments brought in support of this pretence, 279; their arrival in England, 280; sub. fin. not. y; transplanted into Europe, and favoured by Honorius III. Pope, 369; reformation introduced among them in xv cent. iii. 148; divisions among them, ibid. and 149.
Caro, Cher, Hugo de St. his Concordance to the Bible, the first that appeared, ii. 400 and 1; collects the various readings of the Hebrew, Latin, and Greek Bi- bles, ibid.
Carpathius, John, his moral writings, i. 515.
Carpathias, Philo, his character, i. 359. Carpocrates, an Egyptian Gnostic, i. 181; his impious tenets, which destroy all virtue, 182.
Cartes, M. des, an astronomer, iii. 431; his character, 438; philosophy, 439; method adopted by him, and the clergy alarmed, 440; charged with atheism, ibid. opposed by other sects, and the consequences to science, 440; his me- thod applauded, yet several faults found in it, 441; Gassendi his chief adversary, ibid. has a great number of followers, 442; metaphysical, improved and pro- pagated with success, 445; by Male- branche and Leibnitz, with the charac- ter of cach, ibid. and r. Cartesian controversy in Holland, an ac- count of, iv. 115; philosophy, why considered as a system of impiety, 116; edicts against it, but ineffectual, ibid. Carthusians, a monastic order, its rise in xi cent. ii. 189; founder and severe laws, ibid. and h; why so few nuns of that order, 190 and k.
Cassian, his character, i. 355 and q. Cassidorus, his character, i. 418; exposi- tions of Scripture, 420.
Castalio, Sebastian, opposes Calvin, and his character, iii. 316 and y; is banish- ed Geneva, and received into Basil, ibid. and z.
Castilions, the extraordinary method used by them to determine the superior ex- cellence of the Roman and Gothic ser- vice in xi cent. ii. 217.
Castilione, Gilbert de, refutes the Jews in xii cent. ii. 299.
Casuists, ancients, not so good as the Lu- theran, iii. 227.
Catechumens, an order of Christians in the early ages of the Church, i. 88; how distinguished from believers, 100; not admitted to the sacrament, 307. Catharists, Paulicians, so called in xi cent. ii. 220; their unhappy state in xii cent. 308 and p; resemble the Manichæans in their doctrine, and hence called by that name, ibid. their tenets, ibid. and VOL. IV.
q; two principal sects, ibid. their doc. trine and subdivisions, 309; sentiments concerning the birth of Christ, ibid. church constitution, discipline, 310 & u. Cedrenus, a historian in xi cent. ii. 136. Celestine I. Pope, sends Palladius and Patrick to convert the Irish in v cent. i. 336. III. Pope, excommunicates the Emperor, the Duke of Austria, the King of Gallicia and Leone, ii. 272.
V. Pope, obnoxious to the cler- gy, and why, ii. 363; his good charac- ter, ibid. resigns the papal chair, and is founder of the Celestines, ibid. is saint- ed, ibid.
Cellites, their rise at Antwerp in xiv cent. ii. 484; called Alexians and Lollards, with the reason, 485 and u; their fame and progress, 486, 487; oppressed by the clergy, ibid. privileges granted them by the Popes, 487.
Celsus, his objections against Christianity refuted by Origen, i. 135.
Celts, learning among them in i cent. i. 83, their Druids and priests eminent for their wisdom, ibid.
Cene, Charles le, propagates Pajon's doc- trine, see Pajon, iv. 90; bis singular translation of the Bible condemned, ibid. and b; he rejects the doctrine of original sin and human impotence, &c. ibid. and c.
Century, i its Ecclesiastical history, i. 29. -ii cent. 123.-iii cent. 191.-iv cent. 245. v cent. 331.-vi cent. 377.-vii cent. 439.-viii cent. 477.-ix cent. ii. 3.-x cent. 73.-xi cent. 119.-xii cent. 227.-xiii cent. 323.-xiv cent. 441.- xv cent. 507.--xvi cent. iii. 9.- Appen- dix 1. 383.-xvii cent. 102.-xviii cent. iv. 183.-Appendix II. 214.-Appendix III. 226.
Cerdo, founder of an heretical sect in Asia, i. 175; his principles and tenets,
Ceremonies, rites, two only instituted by Christ, i. 104; the Jewish retained in some, but not at all places, 105; why multiplied in ii cent. 162-165; the es- teem of modern Platonism a cause of their increase in iii cent. 226; their bur- den in iv cent. apparent from a saying of Augustin, 301; how multiplied in v cent. with a general view of the new rites, which are attended with much pomp, i. 369; several introduced into the Romish ritual in vii cent. 463; ad- ditions by every Pope, with several examples, ibid. their origin, nature, and ends, become the subjects of many writers in xi cent. 61; these writings considered as to their use, ibid. a general account of them in this cent. 62; many of them drawn from Pagan rites 64 and k; their increase, and the nature of
them in x cent. 113; of the Romish church, imposed on all the western churches, 216; the superior excellence of the Latin or Gothic ritual left to be determined by single combat and fiery trial in Castile, 217; absurdity of per- forming divine worship in an unknown tongue, which prevails both in the La- tin and Eastern churches, ibid. the eagerness of the Grecian Bishops to in- crease their ritual in xii cent. ii. 303; multiplied in xiii cent. 415; ridiculous, and those instituted in relation to the Eucharist, 416 and r; many and use- less ceremonies remain in xvi cent. iii. 179; where most prevalent, ibid. and
Cerinthus, founder of an heretical sect in
i cent. i. 119; blends the doctrines of Christ with the errors of the Jews and Gnostics, and how, ibid. 120; an advo- cate for the millennium, and promises his followers a sensual paradise for a thousand years, and an endless life in the celestial world, ibid. Celurarius, Michael, patriarch of Constan- tinople, revives the controversy be- tween the Greeks and Latins in xi cent. ii. 202; accuses the Latins of various errors, and resents the Pope's arro- gance, 203; violent measures used on both sides, ibid. and 204; adds new ac- cusations, ibid.
Chains, what so called by the Latins, i. 421.
Chais, his letters concerning the jubilee commended, ii. 238, a; 419, x. Chalcedon, fourth general council, called by Marcian the Emperor, i. 385; the legates of Leo I. Pope, preside at the council, ibid. condemns, deposes, and banishes Dioscorus, ibid. annuls the acts of the second council at Ephesus, ibid. the doctrine relating to Christ es- tablished here, what, ibid. the melan- choly consequences of this council, ibid. Chalcidius, his notions of the agreement between the Christian and Pagan reli- gions, i. 261; this philosopher not alone in this opinion, ibid. whether a Chris- tian or not, i. 401, n.
Chapters, controversy about the three, in
vi cent. i. 425 and o; condemned by Justinian, and warm opposition, ibid. Charenton, synod of, pacificatory attempts at, in xvii cent. iv. 8; but ineffectual, 9 and h.
Charity, feast of, called Agapæ, what, i.
61; celebrated at the conclusion of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, 108; suppressed in v cent. i. 370. Charlemagne, his expedition against the Saxons in viii cent. i. 481; his design of propagating Christianity, ibid. the aversion of the Saxons to the gospel, and whence, ibid. and h his methods
for converting and retaining the Saxons, ibid. i; is canonized, 482; the judgment to be formed of his conversions, 483; his attempts against the Saracens not very successful, 485; revives learning among the Latins, through the assist- ance of Alcuin, 487; if founder of the university of Paris, considered, 488; bis munificence to the Roman pontiff, and the cause, 492 and n; his grant to the see of Rome, and its extent uncertain, 498 and u; the motives to which this grant is to be attributed, 499; opportu- nity opened for the western empire, which he embraces, ibid. and w; his rights, and the papal right to dispose of an empire, considered, ibid. and y 500; his works, 507; exposition and zeal for the study of the Scriptures, 510; misses his aim, and how, 511 and g; assembles a council at Frankfort, at which the worship of images was unani- mously condemned, 521 and z; his at- tachment to the Romish ritual, 523; at- tempts to stop the progress of supersti- tion, how rendered ineffectual, 524. Charles the Bald, a great patron of letters and the sciences, ii. 12.
Charles V. Emperor, is persuaded to pre- vent the issuing of any unjust edict against Luther, iii. 43; unwilling to of- fend the Pope, he calls a diet at Worms, at which Luther is banished, 44; ratifies the sentence of Luther's banishment, ibid. and r; his interview with the Pope at Bologna, about calling a general council, and the answer of Clement VII. to his request, 59, 60; is an advocate for Papal authority at the diet of Augs- burg, 72; concludes a peace with the Lutherans, and the conditions of it, 76; listens to the sanguine councils of Paul III: 83; his designs give occasion to the Protestants to take up arms, ibid. raises an army against the Protestant princes, for opposing the council of Trent, 84; his base and perfidious behaviour to Philip Landgrave of Hesse, 85 and y; his real views, 89; disconcerted by Maurice of Saxony, 90; his attempts to impose on the Germans the edict called Interim, and consequence, 240. Charles I. of England, his character, iii. 464; three principal objects of his ad- ministration, iv. 95; intrusts the exe- cution of his plan to Land, ibid. his proclamation in favour of Calvinism perverted by Laud, 96, sub. not. m; dis- sensions between him and the Parlia- ment increase, 98; the latter abolish Episcopal government, and bring the King to the scaffold, ibid. reflections upon this event, and the conduct of the Puritans, ibid.
II. patron of arts, iii. 432; his character, 465 and 1; state of the
« הקודםהמשך » |