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INDEX.

ABANO, Petrus de, surnamed the Recon-
ciler, ii. 345; his great character and ill
treatment, ibid. and h.
Abassines, Ethiopians, converted to Chris-
tianity in iv cent. i. 262. See Abyssi-
nians, ii. 65, iii. 191.

Abbas, the Great, King of Persia, lays
waste Armenia in xvii cent. iii. 562; his
generosity to the Armenians, and great
character, ibid.

Abbot, archbishop of Canterbury, his lenity
towards the Puritans, and character, iv.
92, 93, and f; zeal for the doctrinal te-
nets of Calvin, 93; and sub not. f.
Abelard, Peter, defends the monks in xii
cent. ii. 276; his character, 282 and e;
commentaries, 289; founder of the
Scholastics, properly so called, 292;
charged with errors by St. Bernard, for
which he is condemned as an beretic,
295 and t; attacks all the heresies in
his time, 298.

Abelites, their tenets, i. 185.

Abgarus, the story of him and Christ, if
true, i. 57 and n.

Abraxas, used by Basilides, what, i. 179.
Abul Farai, an eminent Syrian writer in
xiii cent. ii. 336; his works, ibid. and
a; expositions of the Scripturés, 406.
Abyssinia, Romish mission in xvii cent. iii.
477; how ruined, 478 and t; entirely
banished by Basilides, son of Seltam
Segued, 480 and u; several attempts for
'admission unsuccessful, ibid. and w;
481 and r; Lutheran missions unsuc-
cessful, 560.

Abyssinians, the doctrine of the Mono-
physites when embraced by them, con-
sidered, ii. 65; their state in xvi cent.
iii. 191.

Acacius, Bishop of Constantinople, oppo-
ses the Papal power, i. 388; is excom-
municated and deposed by Pope Felix,
389.

Academics, their impious notions, i. 39.
Academies, two public, in the Empire, and
their founders, i. 136 and h.

-European, many founded in
xiii cent. ii. 338; their state, ibid. course
of discipline observed by them, 339.
-founded by the Lutherans and
Calvinists in xvi cent. iii. 216.

one at Jena by the Dukes of
Saxe Weimar, iii. 243.

at Geneva, by Calvin, iii. 275.
of Sciences at Paris, by Lewis

XIV. iii. 439 and d.

Acephali, an account of, i. 389; their sub-
divisions into three other sects, ibid.
soon extinguished by Baradæus, ibid.
Acominatus, Nicetas, his polemic works,
ii. 398.

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Acropolita, a Greek historian of xiii cent.
ii. 336, 398.

Adalbert, of Gaul, his character, i. 525;
forges a letter from Christ to mankind,
ibid. condemned at the instigation of
Boniface Winfrid, ibid. and i.

Bishop of Prague, his vain at-
tempts to convert the Prussians in x
cent. ii. 120; suffers death for his pious
zeal, ibid. his death revenged by Boles-
laus, King of Poland, who compels some
of the Prussians to embrace Chris-
tianity, ibid.

Adamites, their tenets, i. 185.

Bohemian, in xv cent. an ac-
count of, ii. 564, 568, and i.
Adams, Thomas, a Quaker, his remarkable
behaviour to Oliver Cromwell, iv. 148,
sub not. kk.

Adiaphoristic, history of. See Controversy
adiaphoristic, iii. 239.

Ado, a historian in ix cent. ii. 14.
Adrian, Emperor, a brief character of, i.
123; puts many Jews to the sword,
129; persecution of the Christians
under him, 131.

I. Pope, in viii cent. confers upon
Charlemagne and his successors the
right of election to the see of Rome, i.
504 and k; enters into an alliance with
the Empress Irene, 520.

IV. Breakspear, Pope, orders Fre-
deric I. Emperor, to perform the office
of equery to him, but his order is re-
jected with contempt, ii. 264; an open
rupture is expected, but prevented by
the death of the Pope, 265 and o..

VI. Pope, his good character, iii..
47; proposes to reform the abuses in
the church, but prevented by death, 48.
Ælia Capitolina, a city raised on the ruins
of Jerusalem in ii cent. i. 129.
Emiliani, Jerome, founder of the clerks
of St. Maieul, or the fathers of Somas-
quo, in xvi cent. iii. 150.

on, different meanings of this word
among the Gnostics, i. 80, m.
Erian controversy, and leader's principal
tenets, i. 297; his design to restore the
primitive simplicity of Christianity,
ibid. reflections upon such an attempt,
jbid, and g.

Africa, English and Dutch Colonies there
in xvi cent. iii. 410; missions, 412;
success through the Capuchins, ibid. in-
accuracy here, 413, k; why they were
alone employed, ibid.

Africans, the nature of their conversion in

XV cent. examined, ii. 508.

Agapelus, his works and character, i. 416,
423.

Agnoeta, an account of this sect in vi
cent. i. 437; their decline, ibid.
Agobard, Archbishop of Lyons, his cha-
racter, ii. 14, 30; censured for foment-
ing a rebellion, ibid. a vehement op-
poser of image worship, ibid. r; writes
against the Jews, 43.

Agricola, John, founder of the Antino-
mians in xvi cent. iii. 236; is opposed
by Luther and recants, ibid. propagates
his doctrine after Luther's death, ib. his
principles examined, ibid.

Albert the Great, his character, ii. 343; and
learning, 400; system of divinity, 406.
Albigenses, Paulicians, so called in xi cent.

and whence, ii. 221 and 7; a term ap-
plied by the Latins to all heretics, 305.
Albizi, Bartholomew, his book of St.
Francis's conformities with Christ, ii.
471 and k.

Alciat, banished Geneva, iii. 359 and i;
inclines to the Arian system, 360 sub
not. m, in fine.
Alcuin, preceptor to Charlemagne, his
character, i. 507 and w; expositions,
512; treatise on virtue, 515 and p; lives
of the saints, ibid.
Aldhelm, an English prela e, an account of,

i. 456 and u; his moral treatises, 460.
Alet, Bishop of, refuses to subscribe the
declaration against the Jansenists in
xvii cent. and the consequence, iii. 532.
Alexander, of Lycopolis, if a Christian, i.
402 and o.

III. Pope; confers on the car-
dinals the sole right of electing to the
pontificate, ii. 152, 270; aug nents the
College of electing Cardinals, ii. 155,
156; orders schools to be erected in
inonasteries and cathedrals, 249; his
contested election, 265; obnoxious to
the Emperor Frederic I. Barbarossa,
whom he solemnly deposes, ibid. is
obliged to fly and to leave his competi-
tor, Paschal III in the Papal chair, 266;
his success against Frederic, and inso-
lence towards him examined, ibid. and
r; dispute with Henry II. King of Eng-
land, 267; confirms the privileges of the
church, and extends the authority of
the Popes, 270; deprives the Bishops
of the power of canonization, and con-
fines it to the Roman Pontiff, 271 and
x; confers the title of King upon Al-
phonsus, Duke of Portugal, ibid. and y;
his death, and the troubles of his suc-
cessor, Lucius III. ibid. his successors

to Innocent III. 272; condemns the vi-
cious rage of disputing about religious
matters, 294.

VI. Pope, divides America be-
tween the Portuguese and Spaniards,
ii. 508; his infamous character, 541 and
q; is supposed to be poisoned, ibid.
and r.

VII. Pope, Chizi instigated by

the Jesuits, annuls the sentence of In-
nocent X. concerning Chinese rites, iii.
400; his character, 451; contest with
Lewis XIV. and the cause, 487: bull
against Jansenius, and declaration, 560.
VIII. Pope, Ottoboni, his cha-

racter, iii. 452.

-Natalis, writes against the Po-
pish claims, in xvii cent. iii. 486.
Alexandria, Patriarch of, his jurisdiction
in the earliest times of Christianity, i.
275; embassy sent by one to the Pope,
in xvi cent. a Jesuitical scheme, iii. 183
and I, m; the extent of his authority in
this cent. 181, 182, and o.

Alfred, his taste for letters, ii. 13; his

works, ibid. w; the most eminent learn-
ed men under him, ibid. x.
Allatius, Leo, his works for uniting the
Greek and Romish churches, iii. 555
and d; disingenuity censured, ibid. and

d.
Alliaco, Petrus de, labours to reform the
schoolmen in xv cent. ii. 557.
Almeric, an account of, ii. 342; the fol-
lowers of this philosopher, guilty of
enormous errors and vices, ibid. t.
Alphonsus X. King of Leon, an eminent
patron of Letters in xiii cent. ii. 337;
the fame he acquired by his astronomi-
cai tables, 338 and c.

VI. King of Naples, a zealous
promoter of Letters in xv cent. ii, 511.
Altenburg, conference held at, to heal the
Lutheran divisions, unsuccessful, iii.
249.

Alva, Duke of, his cruelty checked by
the prudent and brave conduct of a
Prince of Orange, gave rise to the
powerful Republic of the United Pro-
vinces, iii. 98.

Almamunis, Caliph of Babylon, an emi-
nent patron of letters among the Ara-
bians in ix cent. ii. 11.

Amalric, the absurd and impious doctrine
taught by him, ii. 434, 435, and b, c;
his chief disciple, who, ib. if he adopt-
ed Joachim's predictions, 436.
Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, his character,
i. 279 and i; three books on the duty
of ministers, 283; opposes the princi-
ples of Jovinian, 298.

of Camalduli, his works, ii. 548.
America, when first visited by the Euro-
peans, ii. 508; its inhabitants convert-
ed to Christianity, ibid. divided by
Pope Alexander VI. between the Por-

tuguese and Spaniards, ibid. mission-
aries sent, ibid.
America, English and Dutch colonies
there in xvi cent. iii. 410; Romish mis-
sions, 412; method used by the Jesuits
for its conversion, with their views, and
Labat's candid declaration, 413 and o;
Protestant missions, ibid. the ambition
of the Jesuits in Paraguay, 414 sub fin. o.
Ames, William, explains morality, and an
account of, iii. 313 and p, q; treats
it as a separate science, iv. 75
Ammonius Saccas, founder of the new Pla-
tonics in i cent. i. 139; attempts a coa-
lition of all philosophical sects and re-
ligion, with his own system of religion,
140, his religious notions, if Pagan or
Christian, considered, 139, m; the prin-
ciples of his philosophy, with its chief
articles, 140; his moral discipline, 142;
delivers his injunctions in the language
of Scripture, ibid. pretends to the pow
er of purging the Sensorium, ibid: his
notions of God and of Christ, 143 and n;
the many pernicious effects of his phi-
losophy to Christianity, and hence the
foundation of the monks and Mystics,
ib. the rapid progress of his sect, 205;
his Harmony of the Gospels, 219.
Amour, Guillaume, doctor of the Sor-
bonne, a strenuous opposer of the Do-
minicans, and whence, ii. 375; is ba-
nished, and the cause, 376; his works
and great character, ibid. and d.
Amsdorf, denies the necessity of good
works, iii. 241; is opposed by George
Major, and the event, ibid.
Amsterdam, clergy and magistrates of, op-
pose the toleration of the Mennonites,
in xvi cent. ii. 347.

Amulo, his works against the Jews in ix
cent. ii. 43.

Amyraut, Moses, account of his works, iv.
76; form of his doctrine and recon-
ciliatory endeavours, 83; meets with
opposition, yet gains ground, 84, 85;
proceedings of the Swiss church against
him, 125.

Anabaptists, their enthusiastic and sedi-
tious principles in xvi cent. and punish-
ments they undergo, iii. 78, 79, and n,
0; their residence fixed at Munster, ib.
Anabaptists, Mennonites, their bistory, iii.
320; origin obscure, and reason of their
names, ib. and e; insincerity in declaring
their opinions concerning rebaptism,
ibid. and 321, sub not. e; account of
themselves and adversaries, 322 and ƒ;
most probable account of their origin,
ibid. maxim whence their peculiarities,
ibid. different ways of thinking among
them about it, 323; their drooping spi-
rits revived on Luther's, &c. appearance,
ib. satisfied with Luther's plan of refor-
mation, with an account of their first
motions, 324 andi; progress of this sect,

326; distinguished by the enormity of
their crimes, ibid. points of doctrine
maintained by the most rational of
them, who are not equally chargeable
with fury and brutal extravagance, 326,
327; severe punishments inflicted on
them, ibid. and n; indiscriminate seve-
rity, with a discourse thereon, 328.

of Munster, their seditious
madness and ringleaders, iii. 329; their
commotions in Holland, particularly
Amsterdam, 330 and r; measures taken
to extirpate them, 331; plot against the
magistrates defeated, ib. sub not. r; how
comforted by Menno, ibid. questions
about their origin, how resolvable, 334
and u; origin of the sects that have
started up among them, 335; warm con-
test, and divided into two sects, 336;
how denominated, ibid. and ; new
dissensions among them, and divided
into three sects, 337; the source of their
doctrine, ib. confession of one of their
sect, ibid. y; whether sincere in their
public confessions, 338; their religion
reduced into a system, ibid. their lead-
ing principle, 339; their religion differs
little from the reformed church, with
their creed, confessions, and peculiar
tenets, ibid. the fundamental principle
on which their doctrine is founded, 340,
and how deviated from it, ibid. and a;
their peculiar tenets, in which they all
agree, 341; system of morality, 342;
primitive austerity greatly diminished,
343 and b; singular opinions of some
sects, ibid. and c, d; state of learning
and philosophy among them, 345, which
are rejected by, all, except the Water-
landians, ibid. remit some of their an-
cient rigour, ibid. their division into a
multitude of sects, and the causes, 346;
their first solid settlement in the United
Provinces, and by what means, 347;
English, called Baptists, with an account
of their other different denominations,
348; opinions of the general and par-
ticular Anabaptists in England, ib. and
1; account of a singular sect called
Davidists, 350; tolerated under Crom-
well, and account of, iv. 106 and æ;
their history in xvii cent. 162; various
fortunes of them during this cent. ibid.
and e; union restored among them, and
how, 163; different sects, and how de-
nominated with their several characters
and notions, ibid. and g, h; external
form of their church, 164; three orders
of Ministers among them, and their re-
spective functions, ibid. account of the
Uckewallists, a sect of the rigid Ana-
baptists, and tenets, ib. Waterlandians,
166; Galenists and Apostoolians, 167.
Anachorites, a monastic order in iv cent.
i. 292; their remarkable aversion to so-
ciety, ibid.

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an historian in ix cent. ii. 14.
Anchialus, patriarch of Constantinople, an
eminent patron of letters in xii cent. ii.
246 and a; seems to have been attached
to the Aristotelian philosophy, ibid.
Andreas, Antonius, a Latin writer in xiv
cent. ii. 488.

Andrea, James, employed in reconciling

the Lutheran Doctors, iii. 249. See
Form of Concord, 282, &c.
Andrew, Bishop of Crete, his homilies
considered as spurious, i. 456.
Andronicus, Emperor of Greece, forbids

all controversies concerning speculative
points of theology in xii cent. ii. 300
and b.

Angelome, a monk of Lysicux, an acute

but fantastic writer in ix cent. ii. 40 and
j his expositions, ibid.
Angers, Bishops of, refuse to subscribe the
declaration against the Jansenists, and
the consequence, iii. 332.
Anglo-Saxons, oppress the Christians, i.
340; some few converted by Augustin
the Monk, 398; an universal conversion
among them in vii cent. i. 440; the
causes of this conversion considered,
ibid.

Anhalt, princes of, embrace Calvinism,
and the reason, iii. 299 and n.
Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, im-
proves the science of Logic, ii. 141;
inventor of the famous argument as-
cribed to Des Cartes, 142; his character
and works, ibid. o, and 194, the first
who composed a system of divinity,
200; eminent for his moral treatises,
201, and controversial writings, ibid.

of Laon, his character, ii. 282, 289.
of Havelsberg, strenuous advocate
for the Latins against the Greeks in xil
cent. ii. 298.
Ansgar, converts the Swedes in ix cent.
ii. 4; is created archbishop of Ham-.
burgh, ibid. founder of the Cimbrian,
Danish, and Swedish churches, ibid. a.
Anthropomorphiles, a sect in x cent. ii.
116; why encouraged and admired, 117.
Antichrist, ensigns of, what so called by
the Puritans, iii. 291.

Antidico-Marianites, a sect in iv cent. i.
330; their tenets, ibid.
Antinomians, their rise among the Luther-
ans in xvi cent. iii. 236; suppression by
Luther, ibid. tenets, 161; English, their

rise in xvii cent. and pernicious tenets,
iv. 107, 108 and z, a, b.

Antioch, Patriarch of, his jurisdiction in iv
cent. i. 275; the extent of his power in
xvi cent. iii. 182, o; four bishops claim
the title, ibid. p.
Antiochus, a monk of Seba, his character,
i. 455; and work, or Pandect of the
Holy Scriptures, 459.
Antonines, their characters, i. 123.
Antoninus, Marcus, listens to calumnies,
and persecutes the Christians, i. 132;
many apologies published, 133; false
witnesses suborned by his judges against
the Christians, ib. his partiality to the
Stoics, and its effects upon learning,
136; an ornament to the Stoics, 137.
Pius, persecution under him,

i. 132; his edict in favour of the Chris-
tians, ibid. and x.

Antonius, Paulus, endeavours to correct
the abuses among the clergy in xvii
eent. iv. 39.

Antony forms in Egypt the solitary Monks
into a body, i. 290; the rapid progress
of this order in the East, and maxims of
their philosophy, which seduced the
Christians, ibid. the state of this order
in xi cent. ii. 190.

Apochryphal and spurious writings, many
in i cent. i. 94 and r.

- books, reading of them in the
church disliked by the Puritans, iii. 289.
Apollinarian heresy, its rise, i. 323; au-
thor and tenets maintained by him, ib.
the consequences deduced from the
sentiments of Apollinaris seem unjust,
324 and c; its fate, ibid. and d.
Apollonius Tyanneus, comparison of Christ
and him pernicious, i. 260.

- his controversies about the pow-
er of the magistrate in church affairs,
iv. 114; occasions a flaming dispute
between Spanheim nnd Vander Wayen,
ibid.

Apologies, many produced in defence of
Christianity in ii cent. i. 153.

Apostles of Christ, why limited to twelve,
i. 56; the success of their ministry, af-
ter the effusion of the Holy Ghost, 59;
the election of one in the room of Judas,
60; founded many churches, 62; fables
related of them, ib. their authority and
office, 85; left the external form of the
church undetermined, ib. and z; they
and their disciples the principal writers,
93; the creed, by whom composed, 99
and k, i; instituted many rites, 104.

account of a sect in xiii cent. ii.
437; made no alterations in the doctri-
nal part of the public religion, ib. their
leaders and extirpation, 438 and h; the
'credit given by them to the predictions
of the Abbot Joachim, 439.
Apostolic Fathers, their general character,
i. 97 and h.

Apostolics, a sect. in xii cent. ii. 320; the
remarkable purity of their lives, ibid.
some peculiarities among them deserve
censure, ibid.

Apostoolians, an inferior sect of Anabap-

tists or Mennonites in xvii cent. iv. 167;
their founder Samuel Apostool, who
opposes Galen Haan, with an account
of his controversy and tenets, ibid.
Appellants, great number of them in
France, and why so called, iv. 193 and h.
Aquinas, Thomas, a very powerful advo-
cate for the philosophy of Aristotle, and
gives a new translation of his works, ii.
344 and c; called the Angelic Doctor,
ibid. his character, 400 and g; method
of explaining the Scriptures, 405; or-
thodoxy questioned, 409; famous sum,
what, 411; polemic work against the
Gentiles, 412; several of his doctrines
opposed by John Duns Scotus, 491;
hence the origin of the sect of the
Thomists, 492.

Arabian philosophers, their ténets, and
reason of their name, i. 240; confuted
by Origen, abandon their erroneous sen-
timents, and return to the church, ibid.
found schools in Spain and Italy in x
cent. ii. 99; and source of knowledge
among the Europeans, ibid. and 138;
authors of divination and astrology in
the West, ibid. many of their works
translated into Latin in xii cent. ii. 255
and u.

Arabians, in Spain, converted in xiii cent.
ii. 331; but expelled by the order of
Pope Clement IV. 332 and y.
Arabs, converted by Origen in iii cent. i.
195.

Arator, his works and character, i. 418.
Arbricelles, Robert, founds a monastery at
Fontevraud in xii cent. ii. 276; one
singularity in his rule, 277; charge
against him, ibid. and p; some nuns in
England, ibid. and p.

Archbishops, the extent of their authority
in iv cent. i. 271.

Archelaus, succeeds his father Herod in
the kingdom of Judea; is infamous for
his vices, and dethroned, i. 43.
Ardaus, excommunicated for censuring
the licentious clergy in iv cent, and
forms a sect, i. 328; his principles im-
bibed by the Goths, ibid. errors falsely
imputed to him, ibid.

Arianism, its rise in iv cent. i. 315 and m;
the tenets held by its author, 316; its
progress before the first Nicene council,
in which the sentiments of its founder
are condemned, 317; its history after
this time, 315; state under the sons of
Constantine, 320; Constantius forces
proselytes, ibid. under Julian, who fa-
vours neither side, 321; under Jovian,
a defender of the Nicenians, ib. under
Valentinian, an enemy to the Arians,

particularly in the West, ibid. under
Valens, a friend to the Arians, ibid. un-
der Gratian and Theodosius the Great,
who favour the Nicenians, ibid. excess-
es on both sides, ibid. various sects of
it which may be reduced to three classes,
ibid. this division detrimental to the
Arians, 322; is encouraged by the Van-
dals in Africa, i. 374; its state in vi
cent. 432, 433; encouraged by the
Lombards in vii cent. i. 464.

Arians, two eminent writers among them
in xvii cent. iv. 173 and w; to whom
the denomination of Arian is applicable,
ib. most eminent patrons in xviii cent.
iv. 210; bad consequences of Arianism,
ibid. z; points of its doctrine adopted
by Mr. Whiston, and consequences, 211
sub z; controversy occasioned by Dr.
Clarke's opinions concerning the Trinity,
and by whom opposed, ibid. sub z; no
end to be gained by these disputes, with
Dr. Stillingfleet's excellent admonition
to the disputants, 213 sub z.
Aristotelian, philosophy, admired by the
Nestorians in vi cent. i. 409; its pro-
gress in viii cent. 486; the persons to
whom its success was due, ibid. taught
by the reformed church in xvi cent. iii.
311, introduced into theology, and bad
consequence, ibid. and n; its state in
xvii cent. 436.

Aristotelians, poor subterfuge used by them
before the inquisition in xv cent. ii. 516.
Aristotle, his notions of God and the hu-
man soul, i. 40; has many admirers in
xiii cent. and the prejudice done by
them to Christianity, ii. 333 and a; the
reading of his works condemned by the
Bishops at Paris, 435; if preferable to
Plato, debated xv cent. 514 and a.
Arius, opposes the opinions of Alexander
on the second person of the Trinity, i.
315; expelled from the church, 316;
defends his opinions with success, ibid.
brings over Eusebius Bishop of Nico-
media to his cause, ibid. Constantine,
after fruitless admonitions, calls a coun-
cil at Nice, at which Arius is condemn-
ed, and Christ is declared consubstan-
tial, ib. recalled from exiie, 318 and x;
is received into the church, and invited
to Constantinople, 319, is reinstrated
with his followers in their privileges, but
is denied a place among the presbyters
by the people of Alexandria, ib. dies a
miserable death, with some reflections
on the manner, 320 and y.
Armagh, the sec of, erected by Patrick in
• v cent. i. 336 and r.

Richard of, attacks the Mendi-
cants in xiv cent. ii. 467.

Armenia, Great and Less, Christianity
established there in iv cent. i. 261; a
church founded at, by Gregory the En-
lightener, ibid.

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