ABANO, Petrus de, surnamed the Recon- ciler, ii. 345; his great character and ill treatment, ibid. and h. Abassines, Ethiopians, converted to Chris- tianity in iv cent. i. 262. See Abyssi- nians, ii. 65, iii. 191.
Abbas, the Great, King of Persia, lays waste Armenia in xvii cent. iii. 562; his generosity to the Armenians, and great character, ibid.
Abbot, archbishop of Canterbury, his lenity towards the Puritans, and character, iv. 92, 93, and f; zeal for the doctrinal te- nets of Calvin, 93; and sub not. f. Abelard, Peter, defends the monks in xii cent. ii. 276; his character, 282 and e; commentaries, 289; founder of the Scholastics, properly so called, 292; charged with errors by St. Bernard, for which he is condemned as an beretic, 295 and t; attacks all the heresies in his time, 298.
Abelites, their tenets, i. 185.
Abgarus, the story of him and Christ, if true, i. 57 and n.
Abraxas, used by Basilides, what, i. 179. Abul Farai, an eminent Syrian writer in xiii cent. ii. 336; his works, ibid. and a; expositions of the Scripturés, 406. Abyssinia, Romish mission in xvii cent. iii. 477; how ruined, 478 and t; entirely banished by Basilides, son of Seltam Segued, 480 and u; several attempts for 'admission unsuccessful, ibid. and w; 481 and r; Lutheran missions unsuc- cessful, 560.
Abyssinians, the doctrine of the Mono- physites when embraced by them, con- sidered, ii. 65; their state in xvi cent. iii. 191.
Acacius, Bishop of Constantinople, oppo- ses the Papal power, i. 388; is excom- municated and deposed by Pope Felix, 389.
Academics, their impious notions, i. 39. Academies, two public, in the Empire, and their founders, i. 136 and h.
-European, many founded in xiii cent. ii. 338; their state, ibid. course of discipline observed by them, 339. -founded by the Lutherans and Calvinists in xvi cent. iii. 216.
one at Jena by the Dukes of Saxe Weimar, iii. 243.
at Geneva, by Calvin, iii. 275. of Sciences at Paris, by Lewis
Acephali, an account of, i. 389; their sub- divisions into three other sects, ibid. soon extinguished by Baradæus, ibid. Acominatus, Nicetas, his polemic works, ii. 398.
Acropolita, a Greek historian of xiii cent. ii. 336, 398.
Adalbert, of Gaul, his character, i. 525; forges a letter from Christ to mankind, ibid. condemned at the instigation of Boniface Winfrid, ibid. and i.
Bishop of Prague, his vain at- tempts to convert the Prussians in x cent. ii. 120; suffers death for his pious zeal, ibid. his death revenged by Boles- laus, King of Poland, who compels some of the Prussians to embrace Chris- tianity, ibid.
Adamites, their tenets, i. 185.
Bohemian, in xv cent. an ac- count of, ii. 564, 568, and i. Adams, Thomas, a Quaker, his remarkable behaviour to Oliver Cromwell, iv. 148, sub not. kk.
Adiaphoristic, history of. See Controversy adiaphoristic, iii. 239.
Ado, a historian in ix cent. ii. 14. Adrian, Emperor, a brief character of, i. 123; puts many Jews to the sword, 129; persecution of the Christians under him, 131.
I. Pope, in viii cent. confers upon Charlemagne and his successors the right of election to the see of Rome, i. 504 and k; enters into an alliance with the Empress Irene, 520.
IV. Breakspear, Pope, orders Fre- deric I. Emperor, to perform the office of equery to him, but his order is re- jected with contempt, ii. 264; an open rupture is expected, but prevented by the death of the Pope, 265 and o..
VI. Pope, his good character, iii.. 47; proposes to reform the abuses in the church, but prevented by death, 48. Ælia Capitolina, a city raised on the ruins of Jerusalem in ii cent. i. 129. Emiliani, Jerome, founder of the clerks of St. Maieul, or the fathers of Somas- quo, in xvi cent. iii. 150.
on, different meanings of this word among the Gnostics, i. 80, m. Erian controversy, and leader's principal tenets, i. 297; his design to restore the primitive simplicity of Christianity, ibid. reflections upon such an attempt, jbid, and g.
Africa, English and Dutch Colonies there in xvi cent. iii. 410; missions, 412; success through the Capuchins, ibid. in- accuracy here, 413, k; why they were alone employed, ibid.
Africans, the nature of their conversion in
XV cent. examined, ii. 508.
Agapelus, his works and character, i. 416, 423.
Agnoeta, an account of this sect in vi cent. i. 437; their decline, ibid. Agobard, Archbishop of Lyons, his cha- racter, ii. 14, 30; censured for foment- ing a rebellion, ibid. a vehement op- poser of image worship, ibid. r; writes against the Jews, 43.
Agricola, John, founder of the Antino- mians in xvi cent. iii. 236; is opposed by Luther and recants, ibid. propagates his doctrine after Luther's death, ib. his principles examined, ibid.
Albert the Great, his character, ii. 343; and learning, 400; system of divinity, 406. Albigenses, Paulicians, so called in xi cent.
and whence, ii. 221 and 7; a term ap- plied by the Latins to all heretics, 305. Albizi, Bartholomew, his book of St. Francis's conformities with Christ, ii. 471 and k.
Alciat, banished Geneva, iii. 359 and i; inclines to the Arian system, 360 sub not. m, in fine. Alcuin, preceptor to Charlemagne, his character, i. 507 and w; expositions, 512; treatise on virtue, 515 and p; lives of the saints, ibid. Aldhelm, an English prela e, an account of,
i. 456 and u; his moral treatises, 460. Alet, Bishop of, refuses to subscribe the declaration against the Jansenists in xvii cent. and the consequence, iii. 532. Alexander, of Lycopolis, if a Christian, i. 402 and o.
III. Pope; confers on the car- dinals the sole right of electing to the pontificate, ii. 152, 270; aug nents the College of electing Cardinals, ii. 155, 156; orders schools to be erected in inonasteries and cathedrals, 249; his contested election, 265; obnoxious to the Emperor Frederic I. Barbarossa, whom he solemnly deposes, ibid. is obliged to fly and to leave his competi- tor, Paschal III in the Papal chair, 266; his success against Frederic, and inso- lence towards him examined, ibid. and r; dispute with Henry II. King of Eng- land, 267; confirms the privileges of the church, and extends the authority of the Popes, 270; deprives the Bishops of the power of canonization, and con- fines it to the Roman Pontiff, 271 and x; confers the title of King upon Al- phonsus, Duke of Portugal, ibid. and y; his death, and the troubles of his suc- cessor, Lucius III. ibid. his successors
to Innocent III. 272; condemns the vi- cious rage of disputing about religious matters, 294.
VI. Pope, divides America be- tween the Portuguese and Spaniards, ii. 508; his infamous character, 541 and q; is supposed to be poisoned, ibid. and r.
VII. Pope, Chizi instigated by
the Jesuits, annuls the sentence of In- nocent X. concerning Chinese rites, iii. 400; his character, 451; contest with Lewis XIV. and the cause, 487: bull against Jansenius, and declaration, 560. VIII. Pope, Ottoboni, his cha-
-Natalis, writes against the Po- pish claims, in xvii cent. iii. 486. Alexandria, Patriarch of, his jurisdiction in the earliest times of Christianity, i. 275; embassy sent by one to the Pope, in xvi cent. a Jesuitical scheme, iii. 183 and I, m; the extent of his authority in this cent. 181, 182, and o.
Alfred, his taste for letters, ii. 13; his
works, ibid. w; the most eminent learn- ed men under him, ibid. x. Allatius, Leo, his works for uniting the Greek and Romish churches, iii. 555 and d; disingenuity censured, ibid. and
d. Alliaco, Petrus de, labours to reform the schoolmen in xv cent. ii. 557. Almeric, an account of, ii. 342; the fol- lowers of this philosopher, guilty of enormous errors and vices, ibid. t. Alphonsus X. King of Leon, an eminent patron of Letters in xiii cent. ii. 337; the fame he acquired by his astronomi- cai tables, 338 and c.
VI. King of Naples, a zealous promoter of Letters in xv cent. ii, 511. Altenburg, conference held at, to heal the Lutheran divisions, unsuccessful, iii. 249.
Alva, Duke of, his cruelty checked by the prudent and brave conduct of a Prince of Orange, gave rise to the powerful Republic of the United Pro- vinces, iii. 98.
Almamunis, Caliph of Babylon, an emi- nent patron of letters among the Ara- bians in ix cent. ii. 11.
Amalric, the absurd and impious doctrine taught by him, ii. 434, 435, and b, c; his chief disciple, who, ib. if he adopt- ed Joachim's predictions, 436. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, his character, i. 279 and i; three books on the duty of ministers, 283; opposes the princi- ples of Jovinian, 298.
of Camalduli, his works, ii. 548. America, when first visited by the Euro- peans, ii. 508; its inhabitants convert- ed to Christianity, ibid. divided by Pope Alexander VI. between the Por-
tuguese and Spaniards, ibid. mission- aries sent, ibid. America, English and Dutch colonies there in xvi cent. iii. 410; Romish mis- sions, 412; method used by the Jesuits for its conversion, with their views, and Labat's candid declaration, 413 and o; Protestant missions, ibid. the ambition of the Jesuits in Paraguay, 414 sub fin. o. Ames, William, explains morality, and an account of, iii. 313 and p, q; treats it as a separate science, iv. 75 Ammonius Saccas, founder of the new Pla- tonics in i cent. i. 139; attempts a coa- lition of all philosophical sects and re- ligion, with his own system of religion, 140, his religious notions, if Pagan or Christian, considered, 139, m; the prin- ciples of his philosophy, with its chief articles, 140; his moral discipline, 142; delivers his injunctions in the language of Scripture, ibid. pretends to the pow er of purging the Sensorium, ibid: his notions of God and of Christ, 143 and n; the many pernicious effects of his phi- losophy to Christianity, and hence the foundation of the monks and Mystics, ib. the rapid progress of his sect, 205; his Harmony of the Gospels, 219. Amour, Guillaume, doctor of the Sor- bonne, a strenuous opposer of the Do- minicans, and whence, ii. 375; is ba- nished, and the cause, 376; his works and great character, ibid. and d. Amsdorf, denies the necessity of good works, iii. 241; is opposed by George Major, and the event, ibid. Amsterdam, clergy and magistrates of, op- pose the toleration of the Mennonites, in xvi cent. ii. 347.
Amulo, his works against the Jews in ix cent. ii. 43.
Amyraut, Moses, account of his works, iv. 76; form of his doctrine and recon- ciliatory endeavours, 83; meets with opposition, yet gains ground, 84, 85; proceedings of the Swiss church against him, 125.
Anabaptists, their enthusiastic and sedi- tious principles in xvi cent. and punish- ments they undergo, iii. 78, 79, and n, 0; their residence fixed at Munster, ib. Anabaptists, Mennonites, their bistory, iii. 320; origin obscure, and reason of their names, ib. and e; insincerity in declaring their opinions concerning rebaptism, ibid. and 321, sub not. e; account of themselves and adversaries, 322 and ƒ; most probable account of their origin, ibid. maxim whence their peculiarities, ibid. different ways of thinking among them about it, 323; their drooping spi- rits revived on Luther's, &c. appearance, ib. satisfied with Luther's plan of refor- mation, with an account of their first motions, 324 andi; progress of this sect,
326; distinguished by the enormity of their crimes, ibid. points of doctrine maintained by the most rational of them, who are not equally chargeable with fury and brutal extravagance, 326, 327; severe punishments inflicted on them, ibid. and n; indiscriminate seve- rity, with a discourse thereon, 328.
of Munster, their seditious madness and ringleaders, iii. 329; their commotions in Holland, particularly Amsterdam, 330 and r; measures taken to extirpate them, 331; plot against the magistrates defeated, ib. sub not. r; how comforted by Menno, ibid. questions about their origin, how resolvable, 334 and u; origin of the sects that have started up among them, 335; warm con- test, and divided into two sects, 336; how denominated, ibid. and ; new dissensions among them, and divided into three sects, 337; the source of their doctrine, ib. confession of one of their sect, ibid. y; whether sincere in their public confessions, 338; their religion reduced into a system, ibid. their lead- ing principle, 339; their religion differs little from the reformed church, with their creed, confessions, and peculiar tenets, ibid. the fundamental principle on which their doctrine is founded, 340, and how deviated from it, ibid. and a; their peculiar tenets, in which they all agree, 341; system of morality, 342; primitive austerity greatly diminished, 343 and b; singular opinions of some sects, ibid. and c, d; state of learning and philosophy among them, 345, which are rejected by, all, except the Water- landians, ibid. remit some of their an- cient rigour, ibid. their division into a multitude of sects, and the causes, 346; their first solid settlement in the United Provinces, and by what means, 347; English, called Baptists, with an account of their other different denominations, 348; opinions of the general and par- ticular Anabaptists in England, ib. and 1; account of a singular sect called Davidists, 350; tolerated under Crom- well, and account of, iv. 106 and æ; their history in xvii cent. 162; various fortunes of them during this cent. ibid. and e; union restored among them, and how, 163; different sects, and how de- nominated with their several characters and notions, ibid. and g, h; external form of their church, 164; three orders of Ministers among them, and their re- spective functions, ibid. account of the Uckewallists, a sect of the rigid Ana- baptists, and tenets, ib. Waterlandians, 166; Galenists and Apostoolians, 167. Anachorites, a monastic order in iv cent. i. 292; their remarkable aversion to so- ciety, ibid.
an historian in ix cent. ii. 14. Anchialus, patriarch of Constantinople, an eminent patron of letters in xii cent. ii. 246 and a; seems to have been attached to the Aristotelian philosophy, ibid. Andreas, Antonius, a Latin writer in xiv cent. ii. 488.
Andrea, James, employed in reconciling
the Lutheran Doctors, iii. 249. See Form of Concord, 282, &c. Andrew, Bishop of Crete, his homilies considered as spurious, i. 456. Andronicus, Emperor of Greece, forbids
all controversies concerning speculative points of theology in xii cent. ii. 300 and b.
Angelome, a monk of Lysicux, an acute
but fantastic writer in ix cent. ii. 40 and j his expositions, ibid. Angers, Bishops of, refuse to subscribe the declaration against the Jansenists, and the consequence, iii. 332. Anglo-Saxons, oppress the Christians, i. 340; some few converted by Augustin the Monk, 398; an universal conversion among them in vii cent. i. 440; the causes of this conversion considered, ibid.
Anhalt, princes of, embrace Calvinism, and the reason, iii. 299 and n. Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, im- proves the science of Logic, ii. 141; inventor of the famous argument as- cribed to Des Cartes, 142; his character and works, ibid. o, and 194, the first who composed a system of divinity, 200; eminent for his moral treatises, 201, and controversial writings, ibid.
of Laon, his character, ii. 282, 289. of Havelsberg, strenuous advocate for the Latins against the Greeks in xil cent. ii. 298. Ansgar, converts the Swedes in ix cent. ii. 4; is created archbishop of Ham-. burgh, ibid. founder of the Cimbrian, Danish, and Swedish churches, ibid. a. Anthropomorphiles, a sect in x cent. ii. 116; why encouraged and admired, 117. Antichrist, ensigns of, what so called by the Puritans, iii. 291.
Antidico-Marianites, a sect in iv cent. i. 330; their tenets, ibid. Antinomians, their rise among the Luther- ans in xvi cent. iii. 236; suppression by Luther, ibid. tenets, 161; English, their
rise in xvii cent. and pernicious tenets, iv. 107, 108 and z, a, b.
Antioch, Patriarch of, his jurisdiction in iv cent. i. 275; the extent of his power in xvi cent. iii. 182, o; four bishops claim the title, ibid. p. Antiochus, a monk of Seba, his character, i. 455; and work, or Pandect of the Holy Scriptures, 459. Antonines, their characters, i. 123. Antoninus, Marcus, listens to calumnies, and persecutes the Christians, i. 132; many apologies published, 133; false witnesses suborned by his judges against the Christians, ib. his partiality to the Stoics, and its effects upon learning, 136; an ornament to the Stoics, 137. Pius, persecution under him,
i. 132; his edict in favour of the Chris- tians, ibid. and x.
Antonius, Paulus, endeavours to correct the abuses among the clergy in xvii eent. iv. 39.
Antony forms in Egypt the solitary Monks into a body, i. 290; the rapid progress of this order in the East, and maxims of their philosophy, which seduced the Christians, ibid. the state of this order in xi cent. ii. 190.
Apochryphal and spurious writings, many in i cent. i. 94 and r.
- books, reading of them in the church disliked by the Puritans, iii. 289. Apollinarian heresy, its rise, i. 323; au- thor and tenets maintained by him, ib. the consequences deduced from the sentiments of Apollinaris seem unjust, 324 and c; its fate, ibid. and d. Apollonius Tyanneus, comparison of Christ and him pernicious, i. 260.
- his controversies about the pow- er of the magistrate in church affairs, iv. 114; occasions a flaming dispute between Spanheim nnd Vander Wayen, ibid.
Apologies, many produced in defence of Christianity in ii cent. i. 153.
Apostles of Christ, why limited to twelve, i. 56; the success of their ministry, af- ter the effusion of the Holy Ghost, 59; the election of one in the room of Judas, 60; founded many churches, 62; fables related of them, ib. their authority and office, 85; left the external form of the church undetermined, ib. and z; they and their disciples the principal writers, 93; the creed, by whom composed, 99 and k, i; instituted many rites, 104.
account of a sect in xiii cent. ii. 437; made no alterations in the doctri- nal part of the public religion, ib. their leaders and extirpation, 438 and h; the 'credit given by them to the predictions of the Abbot Joachim, 439. Apostolic Fathers, their general character, i. 97 and h.
Apostolics, a sect. in xii cent. ii. 320; the remarkable purity of their lives, ibid. some peculiarities among them deserve censure, ibid.
Apostoolians, an inferior sect of Anabap-
tists or Mennonites in xvii cent. iv. 167; their founder Samuel Apostool, who opposes Galen Haan, with an account of his controversy and tenets, ibid. Appellants, great number of them in France, and why so called, iv. 193 and h. Aquinas, Thomas, a very powerful advo- cate for the philosophy of Aristotle, and gives a new translation of his works, ii. 344 and c; called the Angelic Doctor, ibid. his character, 400 and g; method of explaining the Scriptures, 405; or- thodoxy questioned, 409; famous sum, what, 411; polemic work against the Gentiles, 412; several of his doctrines opposed by John Duns Scotus, 491; hence the origin of the sect of the Thomists, 492.
Arabian philosophers, their ténets, and reason of their name, i. 240; confuted by Origen, abandon their erroneous sen- timents, and return to the church, ibid. found schools in Spain and Italy in x cent. ii. 99; and source of knowledge among the Europeans, ibid. and 138; authors of divination and astrology in the West, ibid. many of their works translated into Latin in xii cent. ii. 255 and u.
Arabians, in Spain, converted in xiii cent. ii. 331; but expelled by the order of Pope Clement IV. 332 and y. Arabs, converted by Origen in iii cent. i. 195.
Arator, his works and character, i. 418. Arbricelles, Robert, founds a monastery at Fontevraud in xii cent. ii. 276; one singularity in his rule, 277; charge against him, ibid. and p; some nuns in England, ibid. and p.
Archbishops, the extent of their authority in iv cent. i. 271.
Archelaus, succeeds his father Herod in the kingdom of Judea; is infamous for his vices, and dethroned, i. 43. Ardaus, excommunicated for censuring the licentious clergy in iv cent, and forms a sect, i. 328; his principles im- bibed by the Goths, ibid. errors falsely imputed to him, ibid.
Arianism, its rise in iv cent. i. 315 and m; the tenets held by its author, 316; its progress before the first Nicene council, in which the sentiments of its founder are condemned, 317; its history after this time, 315; state under the sons of Constantine, 320; Constantius forces proselytes, ibid. under Julian, who fa- vours neither side, 321; under Jovian, a defender of the Nicenians, ib. under Valentinian, an enemy to the Arians,
particularly in the West, ibid. under Valens, a friend to the Arians, ibid. un- der Gratian and Theodosius the Great, who favour the Nicenians, ibid. excess- es on both sides, ibid. various sects of it which may be reduced to three classes, ibid. this division detrimental to the Arians, 322; is encouraged by the Van- dals in Africa, i. 374; its state in vi cent. 432, 433; encouraged by the Lombards in vii cent. i. 464.
Arians, two eminent writers among them in xvii cent. iv. 173 and w; to whom the denomination of Arian is applicable, ib. most eminent patrons in xviii cent. iv. 210; bad consequences of Arianism, ibid. z; points of its doctrine adopted by Mr. Whiston, and consequences, 211 sub z; controversy occasioned by Dr. Clarke's opinions concerning the Trinity, and by whom opposed, ibid. sub z; no end to be gained by these disputes, with Dr. Stillingfleet's excellent admonition to the disputants, 213 sub z. Aristotelian, philosophy, admired by the Nestorians in vi cent. i. 409; its pro- gress in viii cent. 486; the persons to whom its success was due, ibid. taught by the reformed church in xvi cent. iii. 311, introduced into theology, and bad consequence, ibid. and n; its state in xvii cent. 436.
Aristotelians, poor subterfuge used by them before the inquisition in xv cent. ii. 516. Aristotle, his notions of God and the hu- man soul, i. 40; has many admirers in xiii cent. and the prejudice done by them to Christianity, ii. 333 and a; the reading of his works condemned by the Bishops at Paris, 435; if preferable to Plato, debated xv cent. 514 and a. Arius, opposes the opinions of Alexander on the second person of the Trinity, i. 315; expelled from the church, 316; defends his opinions with success, ibid. brings over Eusebius Bishop of Nico- media to his cause, ibid. Constantine, after fruitless admonitions, calls a coun- cil at Nice, at which Arius is condemn- ed, and Christ is declared consubstan- tial, ib. recalled from exiie, 318 and x; is received into the church, and invited to Constantinople, 319, is reinstrated with his followers in their privileges, but is denied a place among the presbyters by the people of Alexandria, ib. dies a miserable death, with some reflections on the manner, 320 and y. Armagh, the sec of, erected by Patrick in • v cent. i. 336 and r.
Richard of, attacks the Mendi- cants in xiv cent. ii. 467.
Armenia, Great and Less, Christianity established there in iv cent. i. 261; a church founded at, by Gregory the En- lightener, ibid.
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