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THE principle of the divine right of Kings has given way of late years to that of the divine right of Nationalities; and the attention of the world has been drawn to facts of history which had long escaped the notice of philosophers. It is no longer an accepted truth that nations, like individuals, are born, attain maturity, grow old, and die. This may be true of empires, but distinctions of race and nationality survive the overthrow of kingdoms. The Jews are not The Jews are not the only people who have maintained a separate national existence, under the most unfavorable circumstances. The case of the Armenians is almost as remarkable; and the Greeks have survived the Persian, Macedonian, Roman, and Ottoman Empires to reappear in the nineteenth century, very little changed from what they were when Homer sang the legend of the Trojan war. And now another nation, whose very name NEW SERIES.-VOL. XXX., No. 2

had been almost forgotten, is rousing itself from the sleep of centuries to assert its returning vitality. The facts in regard to this national awakening have been obscured by the political interests involved in the events of the past few years, and have been strangely misrepresented by interested parties. The telegraph, the correspondent, and the consul have combined to fix the attention of the world upon atrocities-suffered or committed-rather than upon the essential facts of history. But the time has come when the politician as well as the philosopher should understand the origin and development of this national movement. The latter may find new facts upon which to base a theory in regard to the survival of nations; and possibly the former may see that diplomatic intrigue is not the only cause of political changes.

Some fifteen hundred years ago there

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