XVII. ALEXIOS III., 1349-1390, second son of Basilios by Irene of Trebizond, married in the year 1352, Theodora, daughter of Nicephorus Cantacuzenos, brother of John, emperor of Constantinople. They had seven children -1. Basil, born in 1358; died before his father. 2. Manuel III., born 1364. 3. Anna, born 1356, married 1367 to Bagrat VI., king of Iberia. 4. Eudocia, married 1380 to Tadjeddin, emir of Limnia; after his death to John V., emperor of Constantinople. 5. A daughter married to Tahartan, emir of Arsinga. 6. A daughter married to Suleiman bey, son of Hadji-Omer, emir of Chalybia. 7. A daughter married to Kara Youlouk, chieftain of the White Turkomans, (Ducas, p. 69.) Alexios III. had also a natural son named Andronicus, born 1355, died 1376.
XVIII. MANUEL III., 1390-1417, son of Alexios III., married
first, Koulkan or Koulchanchat of Teflis, who took the name of Eudocia; and second, in 1396, Anna Philanthropena. He had one son, Alexios IV., christened Basilios, (Paneretos, § 50,) born 1382.
XIX. ALEXIOS IV., 1417-1446, married in 1396 Theodora Cantacuzena, and had six children-1. Joannes IV., his successor. 2. Alexander, who received the title of emperor, but died during his father's lifetime. Alexander married a daughter of Gattiluzi, prince of Lesbos, and had a son named Alexios. 3. David, the twenty-first and last emperor of Trebizond. 4. Maria, married to John VI., emperor of Constantinople. 5. A daughter married to George Brankovitz, despot of Servia. 6. A daughter married to Dijhan Shah, chieftain of the Black Horde of the Turkomans.
XX. JOANNES IV., 1446-1458, called Kalojoannes, married a daughter of Alexander, king of Iberia, and had three children-1. Katherine, married in 1458 to Ouzoun Hassan, chieftain of the White Turkomans. 2. A daughter married to Nicholas Crispo, signor of Santorin. Alexios.
XXI. DAVID, 1458-1461, married, first, Maria, daughter of Kyr Alexios of Gothia in the Crimea; and second, Helena Cantacuzena, by whom he had seven sons and a daughter. All his sons were strangled with himself and Alexios, the son of Joannes IV., about the year 1470. The daughter of David, and Alexios the son of his brother Alexander, were compelled to embrace Islam.
LIST OF THE CHIEFS OF THE TURKOMAN HORDE OF THE
WHITE SHEEP, AK KOYOUNLOU.1
I. Thour Alibeg Al Turkmanni.
II. Fakhreddin Koutloubeg, son of the preceding, married in
1352, Maria, sister of Alexios III., emperor of Trebizond.
III. Kara Youlouk Othman, son of Koutloubeg, received his
name of Kara Youlouk (the Black Leech) on account of his
sanguinary disposition. He married a daughter of Alexios.
III.; died 1406.
IV. Hamzabeg, son of Kara Youlouk, died 1444.
V. Gehanghir, son of Alibeg or Oulough, grandson of Kara Youlouk, succeeded his uncle Hamza. He was dethroned by his brother Ouzoun Hassan.
VI. Ouzoun Hassan, married in 1458 the beautiful Katherine, daughter of Joannes IV. of Trebizond.
1 D'Herbelot, Bibliothèque Orientale, art. Turkman, p. 893.
ACCIAIUOLI Company of Florentine bank-
ers, 181-Nicholas acquires lands in
Achaia, ib.-Nerio, governor of Cor-
inth, 184-conquers Athens, 182-
created duke, 185-taken prisoner
and ransomed, ib.his will, 186-
Antonio, ib.-Nerio II., 188-Franco,
191.
Achaia, principality of, William de Cham-
plitte, 202 capitulation of Greeks, 207
-feudal organisation, 210-code, 212-
baronies, ib., 216, note-acquisition by
Geffrey Villehardoin, 217-Latin clergy
oppress Greeks, 220-refuse service
for fiefs, 222-Achaia becomes a fief of
crown of Naples, 239-under Neapo-
litan princes, 258-depreciation of
coinage, 264-civil list of princes in
fourteenth century, 265-barons offer
sovereignty to Greek emperor, 269-
state in time of despot Theodore II.,
276-Centurione, last prince, 288.
Acropolita, Byzantine historian, ambas-
sador to Trebizond, 400.
Agriculture in Greece, 54-stationary
condition in Europe, 58.
Akova, barony, 213 and note, 216, note-
seized by William, prince of Achaia,
242-Margaret, lady of Akova, 244-
taken by Turks, 274.
Alaeddin, Seljouk sultan of Roum,
treaties with Andronikos I., emperor
of Trebizond, 384, 389-army defeated
at Trebizond, 388-defeats Gelaleddin,
389-poisoned, 392.
Albanian colonies in Greece, 36-lan-
guage, 37-present numbers, 38-
mercenaries in Morea, 271-immigra
tions into Morea, 275, 279-increase,
301-rebel to gain independence, 302
-reconquered by Turks, 303-ra-
vages, 308-colony in Ios, 340-colo-
nies in Ios, Andros, Keos, and Ther-
mia, 349.
Albanians in Kolchis, 356.
Alexius I., emperor of Constantinople-
disputes with Crusaders, 85-fears
Theodore Gabras, duke of Chaldia, 362
conquers Gregorias, ib.
Alexius III. abandons Constantinople, 97.
Alexius IV. engages Crusaders to attack
Constantinople, 95-treaty with them,
Alexius V., Murtzuphlos, defends Con-
ib.-murdered, 99.
Alexios I., emperor of Trebizond, 367-
stantinople, 99.
conquers Trebizond, 368, 370-
quests in Asia Minor, 371-defeated at
Amisos, 373, 375-attacked by Seljouk
Turks and Georgians, 379-tributary
to Azeddin, sultan of Roum, 380-
conquests at Cherson, 381-death, 382
-founds church of St Eugenios, 383.
Alexios II. of Trebizond, 405-defeats
Turkomans, 407-dispute with Geno-
ese, 411-peace, 413-fortifies western
suburb, 415--letter to him from Pope
John XXII., 416.
Alexios III. crowned, 431-marriage, 432
-rebuilds church of St Eugenios, ib.-
minority, ib.-retires to Tripolis, 433
-feudal rather than administrative
sovereign, 434-re-establishes imperial
authority, 435-defeated at Cheriana,
436-quarrel with Lercari, 441-fa-
vours clergy, 444-new festival of St
Eugenios, ib.-founds monastery of
St Dionysius on Mount Athos, 445-
description of golden bull, ib.-alliances
and person, 447.
Alexios IV. suspected of hastening his
father's death, 456-tributary to Kara
Yousouf, chief of Black Turkomans,
457-filial ingratitude, 460-his son's
ingratitude, 461-murdered by emis-
saries of his son, Joannes IV., 462.
Alexios, son of Joannes IV., 480-death,
495-Pera called Beyoglou from his
residence, ib., note.
Almerio, Pietro, Venetian governor of
Nauplia, marries widow of Nerio II.,
duke of Athens, 190.
Amisos, 373-near Samsoun, 375-go-
verned by Sabbas, ib.-condition, 376.
Amour or Morbassan, Seljouk emir and
pirate, 263-ravages Archipelago, 336
-defeated off Mount Athos, 337.
Amytzantarantes faction at Trebizond,
Anna Anachoutlou, empress of Trebi-
zond, 423-strangled, 426.
Anna Comnena mentions Albanians, 37
-campaigns of Robert Guiscard and
Bohemund, 64.
Andronicus I., emperor of Constantin-
ople, murdered, 365-progenitor of
family of Grand-Komnenos, ib., 506.
Andronicus II., 405-proceedings against
Alexios II. of Trebizond, 406.
Andronikos I. Ghidos, emperor of Trebi-
zond, 384-treaty with Alaeddin, ib.—
defeats Seljouk army at Trebizond,
388 tributary to Gelaleddin, 389-to
Alaeddin, 390-loses Iberia, 391.
Andronikos II., 394.
Andronikos III. murders his brothers,
416.
Andronikos Ghidos defeats David Grand-
Komnenos, 377, 384, note.
Androvida, town in Morea, 206, 208-
bishoprick, 216, note-cathedral, 232-
attacked by Byzantines, 238.
Archipelago, duchy, 322-dukes of family
of Sanudo, 324-family of Dalle Car-
ceri, 335-family of Crispo, 339-
causes of the prolongation of Latin
power, 345-wealth of dukes, 346-
commercial monopoly of Venice, 347
- exactions, 348-demoralisation of
Latins, 349.
Aristocracy attempt to form an aristocra-
tical government at Trebizond, 428.
Athens, conquered by Crusaders, 153,
158-fief of Otho de la Roche, 154-
condition, ib.-attacked by Leo Sguros,
155-Michael Akominatos, archbishop,
156, 157-papal church, 159-vassalage
to principality of Achaia refuted, ib.,
161, 233-Guy de la Roche created
duke, 162-Guy II., last of family, 164
-defends prince of Vlakia, 165-mar-
ries Maud of Hainault, ib.-as good
French spoken at Athens as at Paris,
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Azeddin, Seljouk sultan of Roum or
Iconium, 379-Christian body-guard,
ib.-renders Trebizond tributary, 380.
Baldwin I., count of Flanders, emperor
of Romania, 108-reign, 113-defeat
and death, 115.
Baldwin II., reign, 132.
Barbarossa plunders Naxos, 342.
Barons of Achaia, list, 216, note--intrigues
of, 259-defend their privileges, 260.
Basilian family consolidates despotism in
Byzantine empire, 358, 360.
Basilios, emperor of Trebizond, enormi-
ties at his accession, 418-divorces
empress Irene, 419.
Benjamin of Tudela concerning Great
Vallachia or Vlakia, 35.
Biandrate, count, bailly of kingdom of
Saloniki, 123, 127.
Black Sea, importance of trade, 410, note.
Bocaccio, allusion to Athens, 201.
Bohemund, 64, 65—liegeman of emperor
Alexius, 66.
Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, king of
Saloniki, 114, 123-invades Greece,
135, 154, 159.
Bos-tépé, or Mount Mithrios, at Trebi-
zond, 382.
Brienne, John de, king of Jerusalem,
emperor of Romania, 132.
Brienne, Walter de, duke of Athens, an-
cestors, 169-invites Catalans, 170-
defeated and slain, 176-his son killed
at Poitiers, 177.
Buildings of Franks in Greece, Athens,
188, note-Thebes, 199-Naxos, 326.
Bulgarians conquer Moesia, adopt Scla-
vonian language, 19-settle near Nico-
polis in Epirus, 33-in mountains near
Achrida, 34, note.
Byzantine empire, durability, 43-poli-
tical condition, ib. et seq.-regular ad-
ministration, 49, 86-able sovereigns,
50-decline of military force, ib.-
finances, 51-apparent prosperity of
society, 57-ruined by Crusaders, 99-
partition treaty of Crusaders and Vene-
tians, 101-legal though despotic go-
vernment, 109-reformed by Leo III.,
356-best existing government, 360-
declines from time of Isaac I. Com-
nenus, 361.
Byzantine province in Peloponnesus re-
conquered from French, 234, 268-
divided by emperor John VI. among
his brothers, 284.
Cantacuzenos, John, emperor and histo-
rian, character of Moreots, 271.
Cantacuzenos, Manuel, despot in Morea,
270, 272.
Carceri, John dalle, baron of Negrepont,
husband of Florence Sanudo, duchess
of Archipelago, 334.
Carceri, Nicholas, duke of Archipelago,
338-fortifies Skyros, ib.-murdered
by Francis Crispo, 339.
Catalan Grand Company, strange career,
170-defeat Walter de Brienne, 175-
conquer Athens, 176- - elect Roger
Deslau leader, 178 acknowledge
Sicilian house of Aragon dukes of
Athens, 179-Catalan fleet captures
Clarentza, 286.
Centurione, last Frank prince in Achaia,
288-daughter marries Thomas Paleo-
logos, despot, ib.
Chalcocondylas, father, envoy
widow of Antonio, duke of Athens, to
Murad II., 189-from despot Constan-
tine Dragases, 293, note.
Chalcocondylas, Laonicus, Byzantine his-
torian, notice of Athens, 188-account
of discipline in Turkish camps, 294.
Chaldia province, Trebizond capital, 357,
359.
Chalkokondylas, or Corcondillas, Greek
of Great Arachova, insulted, 250-
surprises castle of St George, ib.
Chalybia conquered by Turkomans, 404.
Champlitte, William de, conquers Achaia,
202--family, 204, note-names Hugh
his bailly, 217-children defrauded of
their inheritance in Achaia, 218.
Champlitte, Robert, anecdote, 218.
Charles of Anjou, alliance with William,
prince of Achaia, 239.
Chaucer, 201.
Cherson subject to empire of Trebizond,
381-tribute shipwrecked at Sinope,
385.
Chitir Bey attacks Trebizond, 477.
Chronological lists, emperors of Ro-
mania, 499-kings of Saloniki, 500—
despots of Epirus, emperors of Thes-
salonica, princes of Thessalian Val-
lachia, ib.-dukes of Athens, 501-
princes of Achaia, 502- Byzantine
despots in Morea, 503- dukes of
Archipelago, 504-emperors of Trebi-
zond, ib.
Civil war may be necessary, 420.
Clarentza, Chloumoutzi or Castel Tor-
nese, 223-English title of duke of
Clarence not derived from it, ib.,
note-town taken by the Catalans,
Clavijo, ambassador from Henry III of
Castille to Timor, 449, 460.
Coins, circulation and purity of Byzantine
gold, 52-Byzantine coinage debased,
87-coins of Trebizond, 383, note,
505, note.
Colchis, called Lazia, 356-inhabitants,
ib.- Alexios I. of Trebizond assembles
army in, 368.
Colonies of foreign race established in
Greece, 3, 14, 31, 33, 36.
Colons cultivate the soil of Greece, 54,
194 serfs, 195.
Commerce of Italian republics before
Crusades, 83, note - influence
Crusades, 84-spirit of monopoly at
Venice, 346-Genoese commerce, 407
-Trebizond, ib.
Comnenos, see Grand-Komnenos.
Constantine VII. Porphyrogenitus, men-
tions colonisation of Greece by the
Sclavonians, 17, 19.
Constantine XI. Dragases or Paleologos,
last emperor of Constantinople, despot
in Morea, 285-character, ib.-mar-
riage, ib.-takes Patras, 286-intrigues
against his brother Theodore, 289-
attacks Othomans, 291-defeated at
isthmus of Corinth, 295-tributary to
Turks, 296- erroneous estimate of
Mohammed II., 476.
Constantinople taken by Crusaders, 96,
99-fires in, 96, 98, 99-plundered,
104-population, 105-riches, 106—
repcopled by colonists from Morea,
20, 241, 305, 312-from Trebizond,
493.
Corinth besieged by Crusaders, 204-by
prince of Achaia, 219-taken, 227—
Walter de Leudkerke, governor, seizes
Photes, 246.
Corinth, isthmus of, fortified by Manuel
II., emperor of Constantinople, 279-
forced by sultan Murad II., 295.
Crete purchased by Venetians, 112-
valiant defence, 323-invaded by Geno-
ese, 327-Mark Sanudo endeavours to
make himself king of Candia, 328.
Crispo, Francis, marries Florence, daugh-
ter of Mark Sanudo, signor of Melos,
334.
Crispo, Francis, assassinates Nicholas III.,
duke of Archipelago, 339-dukes of
Crispo family, ib.
Crispo, John V., his letter to pope John
XXII. concerning Barbarossa's ravages
at Naxos, 342, note.
Crispo, James, last duke of Naxos, 343.
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