the islands and the western bank of the Nile from the frontier of Dar Mahass as far as Hannech; intermarried with the natives, built and ornamented a capital, promoted commerce, and introduced improvements into the district of which they had acquired the dominion. But even here, the vengeance and ambition of the Pacha of Egypt still pursued them. Mahommed Ali, eager to annihilate the remnant of his once formidable enemies, and anxious at the same time, to carry his conquests to the borders of Abyssinia, began, in 1820, to assemble an army which was destined to penetrate into the countries beyond the second cataract. While the preparations were going on, he sent a message to New Dongola, in the hope that flattering promises might reduce the Mamelukes into submission. Their only answer was an expression of indignant contempt Tell Mahommed Ali, that we will be on no terms with our servant." Hearing of the approach of his army, they celebrated the Ramadan with unusual solemnity, and, in the middle of June, mustering about three hundred strong (they had lost about a hundred men, and among these was Ibrahim Bey, one of their two chicfs, during their residence in Dongola), with

double that number of women and slaves, they took their departure for Shendy.

The subsequent story of this last remnant of the Mamelukes is soon told. The malech or king of Shendy, at first allowed them to encamp near his capital, though not within its walls; but he was afterwards so terrified by the successes of the Pacha over the Sheygyá, that, being determined not to offer any resistance to the conqueror, he ordered the Mamelukes, in the beginning of 1821, to quit his country. The greater part of them retired under the command of Rochman Bey towards Darfour, where they would probably be either destroyed or dispersed by an expedition, which was at that moment advancing thither from Egypt. Some went in the opposite direction to seek refuge on the banks of the Red Sea; and a few, it was said, forgetful of the fate of all who had trusted to the pro mises of Mahommed Ali, threw themselves on the mercy of their persecutor.

The army of the Pacha advanced as far as Sennaar, and met every where with ready submission from the petty states, into which the country, through which it had penetrated, was divided.

that province, was compelled by the American agents to surrender to them papers to which they had no right. In a statement published by him, which he verified by oath, before a notary public at St. Augustine's, he declared that "the archives remaining in his charge were those containing the correspondence with his government, which had been carried on by himself and the preceding governors, relative to the employments filled by the several functionaries: that he had no documents which had any relation, directly or indirectly, to the property and sovereignty of the nation; and, in one word, that the archives in question were a particular property, which he was bound to deliver to his captaingeneral, and were positively excepted in the treaty."

Jackson proceeded immediately to divide the Floridas for judicial purposes into two counties, namely:-All the country between the Perdido and Suwaney rivers, and the islands therein, to be called the county of Escambia; All the ceded territory east of the Suwaney, &c., to be called the county of St. John's.

The United States made likewise an acquisition of territory to the westward of the lakes, by purchasing above five millions of acres of fertile land from the Indians. The price paid for this tract, equal in extent to onefourth of Ireland, was merchandize to the value of 25,000 dollars, and an annual payment of less than 2,000/.

Early in the year, a colony of American settlers arrived at Sierra Leone, in the neighbourhood of which they at first in

tended to fix their establishment. Upon a representation from our countrymen, of the inconveni→ ences which would result from such a plan, they sent a detachment towards the mouth of the river Mesurada to look for a less objectionable position. In the nterval that elapsed, before they could determine on the site of their future settlement, and before the setting in of the dry sea◄ son enabled them to proceed to it, they experienced from the British colony the most hospitable reception. This was the first enterprise of the kind, which the United States had undertaken.

The admission of the state of Missouri into the Union had been long and warmly contested in congress. In the session which commenced towards the end of last year, an act had been passed for conferring that privilege on Missouri, provided she made a declaration, through her separate legislature, that no part of her constitution should exclude any. citizen of the other states of the union from the privileges and immunities enjoyed under the constitution of the United States. That condition was fulfilled by a solemn public act of the assembly of Missouri on the 26th of June; and on the 10th of August, the proclamation of the president, announcing the admission, was issued.

On the 5th of December, the president transmitted his annual message to the congress. It contained a clear and distinct view of the internal situation and foreign relations of the United States: and to it therefore (see page 614 of this volume) we refer our readers for distinct informa

tion on these points. It indicated the most perfect harmony between England and the United States: but the language adopted in speaking of France betrayed some disapprobation of, and regret at, the conduct of that power. She had declined the conditions of maritime intercourse, with which England was contented; and had required more favourable terms. These were refused by the Americans. Sharp restrictions were consequently imposed by each upon the other's vessels; and the result was, that all direct commerce between them, except in ships under some intermediate flag, was wholly suspended. Other grounds of coolness had sprung up between these governments, owing to some misunderstanding of the term "most favoured nations," in the Louisiana treaty, and to the seizure of a French ship, when engaged, as the president alleged, in a course of unlawful traffic, between the shores of Louisiana and of Flo

rida.

On the 10th of December, the annual report was made by the secretary of the treasury.

The payments into the treasury to the 30th of September, amounted to 16,219,197 dollars, 70 cents; viz. customs, 10,068,394 dollars, 85 cents; public lands, 940,980 dollars, 35 cents; arrears of internal duties and direct taxes, 69,867 dollars, 26 cents; bank dividends, 105,000 dollars; incidental receipts, 21,581 dollars, 51 cents; repayments, 13,373 dollars, 73 cents: loan, 5,000,000 dollars. The payments expected during the fourth quarter were estimated at 3,595,278 dollars, 14 cents; viz. customs, 3,000 del

lars; public lands, $60,000 dollars; monies recovered out of advances made in the war department before July 1, 1815, 120,000 dollars; balances of military appropriations carried to the account of the surplus fund, 90,278 dollars, 14 cents; direct taxes, internal duties, and incidental receipts, 25,000 dollars; making the total amount estimated to be received into the treasury during the year 1821, 19,814,475 dollars, 84 cents; which, added to the balance in the treasury on the 1st January last, of 1,198,461 dollars 21 cents, made the aggregate amount of 21,012,937 dollars, 5 cents.

The application of this sum for the year 1821 was estimated as follows:-- The payments up to the 30th of September amounted to 15,655,288 dollars, 47 cents, viz. civil, diplomatic, and miscellaneous, 1,772,717 dollars, 30 cents; military service, including fortifications, ordnance, Indian department, revolutionary and military pensions, arming the militia, and arrearages, prior to the 1st of January, 1817, 4,872,865 dollars, 78 cents; naval service, including the gradual increase of the navy, 2,603,592 dollars, 75 cents; public debt (including 591,611 dollars, 30 cents, of Mississippi stock) 6,406,112 dollars, 64 cents. During the fourth quarter, it was estimated that the payments would amount to 3,580,000 dollars; viz. civil, diplomatic, and miscellaneous, 690,000 dollars; military service, 290,000 dollars; naval service, 700,000 dollars; public debt, 1,900,000 dollars; making the aggregate amount of 19,235,288 dollars, 47 cents; which, being deducted from the

sum of 21,012,937 dollars, 5 cents, would leave in the treasury on the 1st day of January, 1822, a balance estimated at 1,777,648 dollars, 58 cents.

The financial estimates for 1822, were the following. The

revenue

was calculated at 16,110,000 dollars, viz. :-Customs, 14,000,000 dollars; public lands, 1,600,000 dollars; bank dividends, 350,000; arrears of direct tax and internal duties, 75,000; monies recovered out of advances made in the war depart ment, before the 1st of July 1815, 60,000 dollars; incidental receipts, 25,000 dollars.

The expenditure was estimated at 14,947,661 dollars 80 cents, viz,:-Civil, diplomatic, and miscellaneous, 1,664,297 dollars; public debt, 5,722,857 dollars, 1 cent; military services, including fortifications, ordnance, India department, revolutionary and military pensions, arming the militia, and arrearages prior to the 1st of Jan. 1817, 5,108,097 dollars, 52 cents; naval service, including the gradual increase of the navy, 2,452,410 dollars, 27

cents.

The receipts of the year would, therefore, exceed the estimated expenditure by 1,162,338 dollars, 20 cents: so that, after discharging the difference between the balance in the treasury, on the 1st of January 1822, and the balance of appropriations chargeable upon it, there would remain in the treasury, on the 1st of January, 1823, a balance estimated at 671,375 dollars, 50 cents.

* Many petitions had been presented, calling for a higher rate of duty on British manufactures. The committee, to which these

had been referred, made a report against the object of the petitioners. Another committee recommended the concession of a qualified right of visitation and search, for the purpose of suppressing the Slave Trade.

In the armistice, which had been concluded in the preceding year between Morillo and Bolivar, a stipulation was contained for putting an end to it by giving notice to the adverse party. On the 10th of March, Bolivar wrote to general La Torre, who had succeeded Morillo in the command of the Spanish troops, in forming him, that, in consequence of the distresses to which the armistice exposed the independ ent army, hostilities must recommence, unless he was willing to treat for peace on the basis of the recognition of Columbian independence. La Torre replied, that he had no authority to treat on such a basis, and that therefore the war must be renewed at the expiration of 40 days; which was the period, after notice given, fixed by the armistice for the commencement of hostilities. La Torre received Bolivar's intimation on the 19th of March, and consequently the armistice expired on the 28th of April. The Spanish generals Morales and La Torre concentrated their whole force about Valencia and Calaboso, leaving Caraccas wholly unprotected. General Bermudez, who commanded a division under Bolivar, perceiving this oversight, marched upon the city with 1,200 men. On his way he encountered an advanced post of 300 men, whom he repulsed with ease. The governor marched out of Caraccas to their assistance at the head of 600 men; but he be