Gregory, the Enlightener, converts the Gregory, XI. Pope, his character, ii. 463;.
Arminians, i. 262.

transfers the papal seat from Avignon
of Nazianzen and of Nyssa, ac- to Rome, and repents of it, ibid.
count of them and their works, i. 277.

XII. Angeli Carrario, Antipope,
the Great, sepds Augustine with ii. 518; resigns, 521; in
many Benedictines into Britain in vi

XV. Pope, founds the college de
cent. i. 398; the success of his la bours propaganda fide at Rome in xvii cent.
in the West, 399; dislikes the methods iii. *353; his character, 450.
by which Christianity is propagated in Gribaldi, Matthew, his docirine, iii. 359;
his time, ibid. and m; his literary cha- , inclines to the Arian system, 361, sub
racter, 417; moral and religious cha- not. m in fine.
racter, 419; expositions, 421; institutes Grisons, doctrine of Claudius propagated
many superstitious rites, 429; his canon among them, iii. 359 and b.
of the Mass, 430; and stations, ibid. is Groningenists, a sect of the refined Ana-
successful in his dispute with the Do-. baptists, and whence so called, iv. 163
natists, 432.

and g.
- of Tours, his character as a wri. Grotius, his book on the rights of war
ter, i. 418.

and peace, iii. 435; endeavours to re-
- Pisides, his works, i, 456.

concile the church of Roñie and the
- I. Pope, excommunicates and Protestants, 472; a philosophical re-
deposes Leo the Isaurian, i. 517; his former, particularly of the Peripatetics,
zeal for images, 518, s.

iv. 18: his hypothesis concerning the
II. Pope, zealous for image wor. prophets, iv. 72: a favourer of the Ar-
ship, i. 518, s.

minians, 129; misunderstanding be-
- VII. Hildebrand, Pope, his elec- tween him and Prince Maurice, which
tion unanimously approved, ii. 157 turns to an open rupture, and whence, .
158; his extraordinary character, ibid. 132 and 133, 2; is cast into prison, 133
and u; 159 and w; aims at universal and k, 134 and l.
empire in church and state, and the Gruet, opposes Calvin, iii. 315; his im-
methods used by him to accomplish this pious tenets, and fate, ibid.
end, 158, 160, 161 and y; requires the Guelphs and Guibelines, a seditious faction
subjection of France and Spain to the in xiii cent. ii. 358; become formida.
gee of Rome, 160; his demands more ble in Italy, 359.
regarded in Spain than in France and Guido, Guy Juvenal, attempts a reforma-
England, 161; the success they met tion among the Monks in xv cent. ii.
with in other places, 163; his zeal for 542.
extending papal authority meets with Guiscard, Robert, Duke of Apulia, drives
the greatest success in Italy, and why, the Saracens out of Italy in xi cent. ii.
164, 165; decrees against simony and 121.
concubinage among the clergy, and the Gunpowder Plot, an account of, iii. 463,
tumults they excite, 165, 166 and q, 167 · 464; remarkable passage in one of the
and r; reasons for extirpating investi- conspirator's letters, 464,5.
tures, 167; dies, and is sainted, 180; Guntherus, his character, ii, 340.
his moderate and candid behaviour to Gustavus, Vasa Ericson, king of Sweden,
Berenger, 209; revokes an order of his zealous in promoting the reformation
predecessor Pope Nicholas II. 210 and among the Swedes, iii. 61; his zeal
x; his real sentiments of the Eucharist, tempered with great prudence, ibid,
211 and s; his zeal for imposing the 62 and m; publishes Petri's translation
Romish ritual, and á uniformity of of the Bible, and permits the Archbi-
worship on all the Latin churches, 216. shop of Upsal to make another, ibid.

IX. Pope, excommunicates Fre and n; commands them to hold a con-
deric II. and why, ii. 327 and k; his ference, which ends in favour of Petri,
charge of impiety against the Emperor, ibid. resolved at Westeraas to admit the
334; the calamities that arose from his Reformation, which is opposed by the
ambition, 356; sends a copy of the clergy, and why, ibid. and o; subverts
charge to all the European Princes, the papal empire, and is declared head
which is answered by the Emperor, of the church, 63.
357 ; drew immense sums out of Eng.

--, Adolphus maintains the cause
land in the reign of Henry III. 356 i ; of the Germanic liberties against the
attempts to depose Frederic, and how emperor Ferdinand in xvii cent. iii. 459
prevented, ibid.

falls at the battle of Lutzen, ibid. and
- X. Pope, his character, ii. 361,
362; his imperious and threatening let- Guthebald, and English priest, successful
ters to the German Princes, &c. ib. and in his mission among the Norwegians
s; suppresses the various orders of Men in x cent. ii. 80.
dicants, and confines them to four, 369. Guyon, Madame, a patron of Quietism in

78.

France, iii. 544 and 0; her writings re- 388 ; subscribed by the moderate, but.
futed by Bossuet, 543; hence arises a produces new contests among the Euty-
dispute between Bossuet and Fenelon, chians, 389.
who defends Madame Guyon, ibid. Henricians, a sect in xii cent. ii. 311:

their founder Henry endeavours a

reformation among the clergy, but is
Haan, Galen Abraham, founder of the warmly opposed by Bernardo Abbott of

Galenists, and character, iv. 167: his Clairval, 312; his condemnation and

opinions, and by whom opposed, ibid. death, ibid. and x; is supposed to be a
Hackspan, a learned expositor of the disciple of Peter de Bruys, but without
Scriptures in xvii cent. iv. 26.

foundation, ibid. and y.
Hager, writes against the Protestants, and Henry, Archbishop of Upsal, founder of
the peace of Augsburg, iii. 454.

the church of the Finlanders in xii cent.
Hales, Alexander, an eminent philosopherii. 289.; his zeal censured, is massacred

in xiii cent. ii. 343; whence styled the, and sainted, ibid.
Irrefragable Doctor, ibid. and s; his - IV. Emperor, refuses to resign bis
expositions, 405.

right of investitures, and to obey the
- a chief leader of the Latitudina- insolent order of Pope Gregory VII. ii.
rians in xvii cent. his great character, v. 176; assembles a council at Worms,
397 and d.

and accuses the Pope of flagitious prac.
Halitgarius, his system of morality, and tices, ibid. is excommunicated and de-
character of it, ii. 41.

posed by Gregory, 177 ; his pusillani-
Hanau, church of, embraceş Calvinism mous conduct at Canusium, 178.; breaks
in xvi cent. iii. 299..

his convention, and renews the war
Hanover. See Liturgy, iv. 406.

against the Pope, 179.
Harald, propagates and establishes Chris. II. of England, his dispute with
tianity among the Danes in ix cent. ii. Alexander III. Pope, ii. 267; 'reasons to

think he did not consent to the murder
Hardenberg, Albert, attempts to introduce of Becket, 269, t; performs severe pen-
Calvinism into Bremen, iii. 280.

ance for this supposed murder, 270
Hardouin, his Atheists detected, iii. 444, p; and U.
character, 511.

- VIII. of England renounces the
Harmenoplus, Constantius, his works, ii. papal supremacy, iii. 78, 79 and p; the

281; a polemic writer in xii cent. and reasons for it not fairly represented,
character, 298.

ibid. and q; the expedient suggested to
Harmonies, Lutheran, of the Evangelists, the King by Cranmer, and the effects, 80
iii. 224.

and r.
Harphius, Henry, a mystic writer in xy ---- IV. of France, renounces the Re-
cent. ij. 558.

formed religion, with his views, iü. 282.
Hattemists, a Dutch sect, their rise in xvii - Duke of Saxony, deserts Luther- ,

cent, and pernicious tenets, iv. 123; re- anism, and embraces the communion of
semble the Verschorists in their reli- the Reformed church, iv. 65.
gious system, but differ from them in Heraclian's book against the Manichæans
some things, and in what, 124 ; their in yi cent. i. 432 and y.
founder is deposed from his office, yet Heraclius, Emperor, persecutes the Jews,
deserts not the reformed religion, ibid. and compels them to embrace Chris-
a chief maxim among them, ibid. still tianity, in vii cent. i. 442; his edict in
subsist, though not under their founder's favour of the Monothelites, i. 466; issues
name, ibid.

another, called the Ecthesis, to com-
Haymo, Bishop of Halberstadt, his cha promise the dispute concerning the one

racter, ii. 31 and ci his works, 40. will and operation in Christ, 467.
Hederic, writes against the Protestants, Herbert, of Cherbury, Lord, account of,

and the peace of Augsburg, iii. 454. iii. 423; instance of fanaticism, ibid.
Heidegger, Henry, form of Concord drawn and g; his peculiar tenets, and by whom

up by him, and its fate, iv. 125, 126 refuted, 424, h..
and z.

Heresies, ancient, revived in v cent. and
Heidelberg, Catechism of, adopted by the cause new troubles, i, 371 ; remains of
Calvinists, iii. 280.

them in vi cent. 431; continue in x
Helmont, John Baptist, a Rosecrucian, his cent, ii. 115.
character, iii. 437..

Heretics, dispute about their baptism in jü
Hemerobaptists, a sect among the Jews, an cent. i. 223; the determination of the
account of, iii. 197 and a.

African and Oriental churches on the
Hemmingius, Nicholas, his character, iii. point, ibid. and the insolent behaviour

299; chief of the disciples of Melanc. of Stephen, Bishop of Rome, 224.
thon in Denmark, ibid.

Heribald, writes against Radbert Pasca-
II motiron, publisherl by Zeno, what, i. sius, ii. 49.

-17.

Héric, Monk of Auxerre, said to have an. iii. 432; inuumerable advantages of it,
ticipated Des Cartes in the manner of 433; a short view of it in xviii cent. iv.
investigating truth, ii. 16; is sainted, 83.
ibid. f.

Hoadly, Bishop of Winchester, his endea-
Hermits, their rise in iii cent, and whence vours to lower the authority of the
i. 216.

English church and character, iy. 206;
Hermogenes, his tenets, i. 188; opposed by whom opposed, 207. :

and refuted by Tertullian, ibid. and b. Hobbes, a daring and subtle enemy to
Herrnhutters, rise of that sect and foun. Christianity, his character, iii. 419; his

ders in xviïi cent. iv. 198; account of adherents and apologists, ibid. and a ;
their descent from the Bohemian and his writings, and if he recanted, ibid.
Moravian brethren doubtful, ibid. pro- and b; opposed by whom, iv. 76.
fess to agree with the doctrine and opi- Hoburg, Christian, a petulant writer
nions of the Lutherans, and what credit against the Lutherans in xvii cent. and
ought to be given to such professions, character, iv. 61.
199 ; Dr. Mosheim's vague description Hoe, Matthew, his defence of the Protes-
of their sect censured, with its infamous tants, iii. 454; his perfidy, 457, s.'
character, ibid. and l; sap the founda. 'Hoffman, Daniel, disputes between him
tions of morality, ibid. sub not. l.

and his colleagues, iii. 222 ; his tenets,
Hervæus, Natalis, account of, ii. 488. which he is obliged to retract, ibid. his
Hervey, a learned Benedictine monk and fanatical extravagance, censured, iv.

expositor in xii cent. ii. 289 and c.
Hesychius, a moral writer in vii cent. i. Hoffman, Melchior, his infamous conduct,
460.

iii. 326.
Hetser, Lewis, his infamous character, iii. Holidays, their number diminished by an

326 ; denies the divinity of Christ, 354. edict of Urban VIII. iii. 549.
Hevelius, a German philosopher, in xyii Holstenius, Lucas, attempts to reconcile
cent. iii. 431.

the Greek and Latin churches, iii. 553
Heyling, of Lubec, his pious labours in and d.

Ethiopia in xvii cent. iii. 560 and u. Homilies, their origin in viii cent. i. 512..
Hierar, of Leontium, his notions of Christ's Honorius, Pope, embellishes churches in

office and ministry, i. 237; account of vii cent. i. 463; favours the doctrine of
the sect formed by him, and of his te one will in Christ, 468; writers of the
nets, ibid.

church of Rome attempt to save his in-
Hierocles, his works against the Christians fallibility, ibid. 9; is condemned by the
answered by Eusebius, i. 260.

sixth General Council, 470.
High churchmen, their principles, iv. 113, Hospitallers, Knights, origin and nature of
See Nonjurors, 111, &c.

their office, ii. 239; deviate from the
Hilary, Bishop of Poictiers, his character design of their original institution, and
and works, i. 278 and f.

commence warriors, ibid. and settle in
Hildebert, Archbishop of Tours, his cha- Cyprus, and from thence remove to

racter ii. 195 ; his excellent system of Malta, the present residence of their

divinity, 200 and d: morality, 201 e. chief, or master, 240 and .
Hildebrand, Pope. See Gregory VII. ii. Huber, Samuel, his controversy concern-
157, &c.

ing Predestination, iii. 259; is deposed,
defends Callixtus's reputation, and banished from Wittemberg, ibid.
in xvii cent. iv. 34.

Hubmeyer, Balthazar, an Anabaptist, his
Hildegard, pretended prophetess in xij enormous conduct, iii. 326.

cent. ii. 286; the excessive veneration Huet, Bishop of Avranglies, his works, üi.
paid to her, ibid.

448 and 1.
Hilduin, of St. Dennis, his celebrated Huguenots, derivation of that word, iji.

work entitled Areopagitica, ii. 30 and s. 281 and d; persecuted in France in xvii
Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims, his char- cent. 463.

acter, ii. 31, 32 and e; exposition of the Huisseaux, of Saumur, his pacificatory
four Books of Kings, 40.

principles in xvii. cent. iii. 471.
Hippolitus, his character and works, i. Humanity, its state in xüi cent. iii. 340.

212 and y; adopts Origen's plan in his Humbert, Cardinal, an eminent polemic
commentaries, 218.

writer among the Greeks in xi cent. ii.
History of the church, the method of 194; his notions of the real presence of

treating it in the xvi cent. why changed Christ's body and blood in the Sacra-
from that in the preceding centuries, ment, 209.
iii. 6; its division into two heads, ibid. Hume, his censure of Luther's opposition
1st, general--its extent, 6–2uly, par- to indulgences, and other Popish super-
ticular, ibid. which is subdivided into stitions, refuted, iii. 27, p; charge against
two parts, ibid.-of the Reformation, the Reformers examined and refuted,
ibid. its improvements in xvii cent. 106,114.

Hungary, Christianity established in x .and from what motives, iv. 149, 150

cent. ij. 77 and m; ihe honour of their and r.
conversion claimed by different na. Jansenism, its rise, and the contents it pro-
tions, 78 and n; Reformation introdu- duced, iii. 523 ; Jansenius's book, 524
ced and settled, iv. 408.

and g, h; combatted by the Jesuits, ibid.
Huss, Joon, his character, ii. 522 and p; who procure its condemnation at Rome,

declaims vehemently against the cor by Urban VIII. 525; this opposed by
ruptions of the clergy and court of the doctors of Louvaine and other An.
Rome in xv cent. ibid. odious to the gustinians, also in France by the Abbot
clergy, and the reasons, 523 and 9 ; of St. Cyran, ibid. and k, l.
publicly recommends the doctrines of Jansenists, their contests with the Jesuits
Wickliól, 624 and u; is condemned by described, and how both parties were
the council of Constance, and burned balanced, iii. 526 and m; methods and
alive, 525; the true cause of bis suffer:

arguments employed by both parties
ings, 526 and 2.

in this controversy, and miracles pre-
Hussinet, Nicholas of, bend of the Hus.

tended by the Jansenists, ibid. 527 and
sitea, ii. 562. .

n; persecuted and by whom, 530, 531;
Hussites, commotions made by them, to

their austere piety examined, 534, 535;
revenge the death of their founder and

complaints against the church of Rome,
Jerome of Prague, ii. 552; their aver-

and their general principles just and
sion to administer the Sacrament in

reasonable, but the consequences and
one kind only, ibid. many put to cruel

applications, faulty, as appears from the
deaths by the order of Sigismund, ibid.

sentiments of the Abbot of Cyran, their
war carried on, and shocking cruelties
by them and their opponents, ibid. di-

great oracle, 534, 535 and a; deserved-

ly denominated Rigourists, ibid. their
vide into two parties, 553.

notions of repentance, 536 ; exemplifi-
Hyrcania, the Gospel propagated in viii.

ed in the Abbé de Paris, 537; and in the
cent. i. 477.

female convent of Port Royal, 538 and
1. J.

e; many ambitious to live in its neigh-

bourhood, ibid. the end these pentitents
Jablonsky, Dr. drew up a plan of ecclesi-

had in view, 639; the convent demol.
astical discipline and public worship,

ished by Lewis XIV. 540.
vi. 313.

Jansenius, five propositions of his book
Jacobites, a sect of the Monopluysites, condemned by Pope Innocent X, iii.
why so called, and from whom, i. 434;

529 ; doctrines contained in them, ibid.
their state and subdivisions in xvi cent. 530 and a; distinction invented by Ar-
jji. 190 and h.

naud in favour of these propositions,
Jagello, Duke of Lithuania, bywhat means ibid. a bull of Alexander VII. against
converted in xiv cent. ii. 443; changes

him, with a form of declaration sent
his name to Uladislaus, ibid.

into France, ibid. 531; which produces
Jamblichus, of Chalcis, an account of this melancholy divisions and tumults, ibid.

philosopher and his successors, i. 266 persecution of his followers through the
and b.

Jesuits, ibid. but suspended under Cle-
James, Bishop of Edessa, translates the

ment IX, 532; conditional subscription
dialectics into Syriac in vii cent. i. 451.

obtained, ibid. the peace granted the
I. of England, attempts the recon-

Jansenists by Clement only transitory,
ciliation of the Lutheran and Reform-

and totally ceased under Lewis XIV.
ed churches, iv. 8 and f ; bis seeming

ibid. and u.
attachment to the Puritans, and decla- Japan, state of Christianity, iii. 405, 406 :
ration in an assembly at Edinburgh, 90 its success owing to two circumstances,
and d; took a principal part in the con-

and also to another, ibid. a; prejudices
ference at Hampton Court, 91,e; with

of the natives, and divisions among the
the adulation of Whitgift and Bancroft missionaries, ibid. 407; accusations
ibid. sub fin. not.e ; remarkable change against the Jesuits by the other mission.
of his conduct after his accession to aries, ibid. and against the latter by
the crown, 92; Abbott's endeavours to the Jesuits, ibid. its downfal and extir-
confirm the king in Calvinism, with pation how effected, with the reasons,
that Prince's dislike of the proceedings ibid. 403 ; firmness of the converts and
at Dort, 92, 93 and h; the reason for missionaries under horrid torments, with
the King's dislike, 94 and i; the change the causes of this persecution, ibid. and
of opinion fatal to the Puritans, 95; c; edict by which Europeans are forbid
his death, ibid.

to approach the Japenese dominions,
-Il. his imprudence, iii. 466: why 409 ; except a few Dutch, ibid.
obliged to abdicate, when the Revolu. Jaquelinc, abbess of the convent of Port
tion took place under William, Prince Royal, her character, iji. 537 and c, d.
of Orange, ibid.tolerates the Quakers, Jasidians, Jezedæans, a sect, in xvi cent.
sonne aceount of, iii. 198; their opinion nished Venice, but afterward recalled,
about the evil genius, ibid. and e.

483, 484, a; the influence they have in
Iconoclasts, who and their origin in viji France considered, 493 and r; the mul-

cent. i, 517; called also Iconomachi, titude of their adversaries, particularly
518; their numbers increase under the the Jansenists, in xvii cent.503, 504 and
patronage of Claudius bishop of Turin, k; history by Bernard, 504, sub not. k;
in ix cent, ii. 47.

interest strengthened byopposition, ib.
Iconoduli, called Iconolatræ, who, i.518. 505 andl; some of their pernicious
Ideas, universal, controversy about inx maxims, 513 and s, 514 and t, u; books
cent, ii. 90 and k.

written against them by Paschal and
Jena, ácademy founded at, in xvi cent. by Perrault burned, 515, w; answered by

the Dukes of Saxeweimar, iii. 243 ; the F. Daniel, ibid. sub not. highly com-
moderation of the divines here in re- plained of and condemned by Alexan-
gard to Calixtus's plan of concord, iv. der VII. Pope, 516; their disputes with
37.

the Jansenists. 524.
Jerome, of Palestine, his character, i. 279; Jesus, Faihers of the oratory, founded in

admired for his translation of the Scrip. xvii cenl. by Cardinal Berulle, iii, 501;
tures into Latin, 284.

design of their institution and fame,
- de St. Foi, writes against the ibid. the nature of their office, ibid.
Jews in xv cent. ii 559.

and d, e.
Jerusalem, first Christian church. i. 61; Jetser, an account of the impious fraud

Patriarch of, howextensive his jurisdic practised upon him in xvi cent. by the
* tion in xvi cent. iii. 183 and q; famous Dominicans, iii. 18, k.
· council held here in xvii cent. iji. 655 Jews, their civil and religious state under
and g.

Herod at Christ's birth, i. 43; after He-
Jesuales, or apostolic clerks, their rise in rod's death, ibid. the calamities they

xiv cent. ii. 484; their order abolished suffer under the Roman Governors, yet
by Clement IX. Pope, ibid.

permitted to enjoy the free exercise of
Jesuiabas, of Gaddala, Nestorian pontiff, their religion, 44; their sufferings from

his treaty with Mahomet and Omar in their own rulers, ibid. and 45; their
viii cent. i. 465: the testamentary di. religion corrupted among all ranks,and
ploma of the former to the Christians the division of their doctors into va-
examiiled, ibid. k. .

rious sects, 45; their principal sects and
Jesuits their institution seems to have di points of debate, ibid. 46 and m; yet
minished the credit of the clerks school exercise mutual toleration, with the
in xv cent. ii 546; nature of their or motives, 47 ; variously interpret the
der and institution,iij. 116; the methods doctrine of future rewards and punish-
by which they propagate Christianity ments, ibid. the moral doctrine of their
considered, 117; the nature and divi sects, 49; corrupt the external worship
sion of this society into three classes, of God by rites from the Gentiles, 50
139; and according to some into four, and t ; various causes of their corrup-
ibid. x ; zeal for the interest of the Ro. tion, ib. some remains of piety among
man Pontiffs, and the true motives of them, 51; their state out of Pales-
their missions, 140, 141 and y; exposed tine, an evident proof of a providence
to many perils and how delivered, with in human affairs, 53 and 2; persecute
(insinuating manners, ibid.their charac the Christians in Palestine and foreign
ter and fate admirably described by Dr. countries, 65, 66 and e, f; their plausi-
Brown of Dublin, ibid. a; zealous ad ble pretexts for this procedure,ibid.and
vocates for the ancient forms of doc the punishments they undergo, 66; the
trine in the Romish church, and why, state of their philosophy, S2; their se.
167; and for the infallibility and unli. dition under Barchochebas, and its me-
mited supremacy of the Pope, 168 and lancholy consequences to them, with
y; their notions of divine grace and advantages to Christianity, 124; the
original sin, 169, doctrine about the cause of dissensions in the church in ii
motives to moral actions, 170 and : ; cent. 170; their attempts against Chris-
about probability and philosophical sin, tianity in iii cent. 202; their vain at-
ibid. anda ; about the Sacraments, 171 tempt to rebuild their templein iv cent.
and b; make use of the intricate so 258; the dreadful phenomenon on this
phistry of tbe Schoolmen to puzzle the occasion, and disputes about it, ibid.
Protestants, 220; their stratagems cor and g, h; many converted in v cent.
rupt the Lutheran doctors, 227; accus and by what means, i. 333; oppress
• ed of sinister views by the other orders, the Christians under the command

iii. 386; their methods of converting of Gamaliel, 341; several embrace
persons procured them enemies, 388; Christianity in vi cent. 399; compel-
accused of malpractices in China, 398; led to be Christians in vii cent by
principal charge against them, 400; ba the Emperor Heraclius, 442; many
VOL. IV.