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Gregory, the Enlightener, converts the
Arminians, i. 262.

of Nazianzen and of Nyssa, ac-
count of them and their works, i. 277.

the Great, sends Augustine with
many Benedictines into Britain in vi
cent. i. 398; the success of his labours
in the West, 399; dislikes the methods
by which Christianity is propagated in
his time, ibid. and m; his literary cha-
racter, 417; moral and religious cha-
racter, 419; expositions, 421; institutes
many superstitious rites, 429; his canon
of the Mass, 430; and stations, ibid. is
successful in his dispute with the Do-
natists, 432.

Pisides, his works, i. 456.

I. Pope, excommunicates and
deposes Leo the Isaurian, i. 517; his
zeal for images, 518, 8.

Gregory, XI. Pope, his character, ii. 463;
transfers the papal seat from Avignon
to Rome, and repents of it, ibid.

XII. Angeli Carrario, Antipope,

ii. 518; resigns, 521;

XV. Pope, founds the college de
propaganda fide at Rome in xvii cent.
iii. 3S3; his character, 450.
Gribaldi, Matthew, his doctrine, iii. 359;
inclines to the Arian system, 361, sub
not. m in fine.

Grisons, doctrine of Claudius propagated
among them, iii. 359 and b.
Groningenists, a sect of the refined Ana-
baptists, and whence so called, iv. 163
and g.

of Tours, his character as a wri- Grotius, his book on the rights of war
ter, i. 418.
and peace, iii. 435; endeavours to re-
concile the church of Rome and the
Protestants, 472; a philosophical re-
former, particularly of the Peripatetics,
iv. 18: his hypothesis concerning the
prophets, iv. 72: a favourer of the Ar-
minians, 129; misunderstanding be-
tween him and Prince Maurice, which
turns to an open rupture, and whence,
132 and 133, i; is cast into prison, 133
and k, 134 and 7.

II. Pope, zealous for image wor-

ship, i. 518, s.

VII. Hildebrand, Pope, his elec-
tion unanimously approved, ii. 157,
158; his extraordinary character, ibid.
and u; 159 and w; aims at universal
empire in church and state, and the
methods used by him to accomplish this
end, 158, 160, 161 and y; requires the
subjection of France and Spain to the
see of Rome, 160; his demands more
regarded in Spain than in France and
England, 161; the success they met
with in other places, 163; his zeal for
extending papal authority meets with
the greatest success in Italy, and why,
164, 165; decrees against simony and
concubinage among the clergy, and the
tumults they excite, 165, 166 and q, 167
and r; reasons for extirpating investi-
tures, 167; dies, and is sainted, 180;
his moderate and candid behaviour to
Berenger, 209; revokes an order of his
predecessor Pope Nicholas II. 210 and
x; his real sentiments of the Eucharist,
211 and s; his zeal for imposing the
Romish ritual, and à uniformity of
worship on all the Latin churches, 216.

IX. Pope, excommunicates Fre-
deric II. and why, ii. 327 and k; his
charge of impiety against the Emperor,
334; the calamities that arose from his
ambition, 356; sends a copy_of_the
charge to all the European Princes,
which is answered by the Emperor,
357; drew immense sums out of Eng-
land in the reign of Henry III. 356 i;
attempts to depose Frederic, and how
prevented, ibid.

X. Pope, his character, ii. 361,
362; his imperious and threatening let-
ters to the German Princes, &c. ib. and
s; suppresses the various orders of Men-
dicants, and confines them to four, 369.

Gruet, opposes Calvin, iii. 315; his im-
pious tenets, and fate, ibid.
Guelphs and Guibelines, a seditious faction
in xiii cent. ii. 358; become formida
ble in Italy, 359.

Guido, Guy Juvenal, attempts a reforma-
tion among the Monks in xv cent. ii.
542.

Guiscard, Robert, Duke of Apulia, drives
the Saracens out of Italy in xi cent. ii.
121.

Gunpowder Plot, an account of, iii. 463,
464; remarkable passage in one of the
conspirator's letters, 464,g.
Guntherus, his character, ii, 340.
Gustavus, Vasa Ericson, king of Sweden,

zealous in promoting the reformation
among the Swedes, iii. 61; his zeal
tempered with great prudence, ibid,
62 and m; publishes Petri's translation
of the Bible, and permits the Archbi-
shop of Upsal to make another, ibid.
and n; commands them to hold a con-.
ference, which ends in favour of Petri,
ibid. resolved at Westeraas to admit the
Reformation, which is opposed by the
clergy, and why, ibid. and o; subverts
the papal empire, and is declared head
of the church, 63.

--, Adolphus maintains the cause
of the Germanic liberties against the
emperor Ferdinand in xvii cent. iii. 459;
falls at the battle of Lutzen, ibid. and

w.

Guthebald, and English priest, successful
in his mission among the Norwegians
in x cent. ii. 80.
Guyon, Madame, a patron of Quietism in

France, iii. 544 and o; her writings re-
futed by Bossuet, 543; hence arises a
dispute between Bossuet and Fenelon,
who defends Madame Guyon, ibid.

H.

Haan, Galen Abraham, founder of the
Galenists, and character, iv. 167: his
opinions, and by whom opposed, ibid.
Hackspan, a learned expositor of the
Scriptures in xvii cent. iv. 26.
Hager, writes against the Protestants, and
the peace of Augsburg, iii. 454.
Bales, Alexander, an eminent philosopher
in xiii cent. ii. 343; whence styled the
Irrefragable Doctor, ibid. and ; his
expositions, 405.

a chief leader of the Latitudina-
rians in xvii cent. his great character, v.
397 and d.

Halitgarius, his system of morality, and
character of it, ii. 41.

Hanau, church of, embraces Calvinism
in xvi cent. iii. 299.

Hanover. See Liturgy, iv. 406.

Harald, propagates and establishes Chris-
tianity among the Danes in ix cent. ii.

78.

Hardenberg, Albert, attempts to introduce
Calvinism into Bremen, iii. 280.
Hardouin, his Atheists detected, iii. 444, p;
character, 511.

Harmenoplus, Constantius, his works, ii.
281; a polemic writer in xii cent. and
character, 298..

Harmonies, Lutheran, of the Evangelists,
iii. 224.

Harphius, Henry, a mystic writer in xv
cent. ii. 558.

Hattemists, a Dutch sect, their rise in xvii
cent. and pernicious tenets, iv. 123; re-
semble the Verschorists in their reli-
gious system, but differ from them in
some things, and in what, 124; their
founder is deposed from his office, yet
deserts not the reformed religion, ibid.
a chief maxim among them, ibid. still
subsist, though not under their founder's
name, ibid.

C

Haymo, Bishop of Halberstadt, his cha-
racter, ii. 31 and c; his works, 40.
Hederic, writes against the Protestants,
and the peace of Augsburg, iii. 454.
Heidegger, Henry, form of Concord drawn
up by him, and its fate, iv. 125, 126
and z.

Heidelberg, Catechism of, adopted by the
Calvinists, iii. 280.

Helmont, John Baptist, a Rosecrucian, his
character, iii. 437.

Hemerobaptists, a sect among the Jews, an
account of, iii. 197 and a.
Hemmingius, Nicholas, his character, iii.
299; chief of the disciples of Melanc-
thon in Denmark, ibid.
Henoticon, published by Zeno, what, i.

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388; subscribed by the moderate, but
produces new contests among the Euty-
chians, 389.

Henricians, a sect in xii cent. ii. 311;
their founder Henry endeavours a
reformation among the clergy, but is
warmly opposed by Bernard Abbott of
Clairval, 312; his condemnation and
death, ibid. and x; is supposed to be a
disciple of Peter de Bruys, but without
foundation, ibid. and y.

Henry, Archbishop of Upsal, founder of
the church of the Finlanders in xii cent.
ii. 289.; his zeal censured, is massacred
and sainted, ibid.

IV. Emperor, refuses to resign his
right of investitures, and to obey the
insolent order of Pope Gregory VII. ii.
176;
assembles a council at Worms,
and accuses the Pope of flagitious prac-
tices, ibid. is excommunicated and de-
posed by Gregory, 177; his pusillani-
mous conduct at Canusium, 178; breaks
his convention, and renews the war
against the Pope, 179.

II. of England, his dispute with
Alexander III. Pope, ii. 267; reasons to
think he did not consent to the murder
of Becket, 269, t; performs severe pen-
ance for this supposed murder, 270
and u.

VIII. of England renounces the
papal supremacy, iii. 78, 79 and p; the
reasons for it not fairly represented,
ibid. and q; the expedient suggested to
the King by Cranmer, and the effects, 80
and r.

IV. of France, renounces the Re-
formed religion, with his views, iii. 282.

Duke of Saxony, deserts Luther-
anism, and embraces the communion of
the Reformed church, iv. 65.
Heraclian's book against the Manichæans
in vi cent. i. 432 and y.
Heraclius, Emperor, persecutes the Jews,
and compels them to embrace Chris-
tianity, in vii cent. i. 442; his edict in
favour of the Monothelites, i. 466; issues
another, called the Ecthesis, to com-
promise the dispute concerning the one
will and operation in Christ, 467.
Herbert, of Cherbury, Lord, account of,
iii. 423; instance of fanaticism, ibid."
and g; his peculiar tenets, and by whom
refuted, 424, h.

Heresies, ancient, revived in v cent. and

cause new troubles, i. 371; remains of
them in vi cent. 431; continue in x
cent. ii. 115.

Heretics, dispute about their baptism in iii
cent. i. 223; the determination of the
African and Oriental churches on the
point, ibid. and the insolent behaviour
of Stephen, Bishop of Rome, 224.
Heribald, writes against Radbert Pasca-
sius, ii. 49.

Heric, Monk of Auxerre, said to have an-
ticipated Des Cartes in the manner of
investigating truth, ii. 16; is sainted,
ibid. f.

Hermits, their rise in iii cent. and whence
i. 216.

Hermogenes, his tenets, i. 188; opposed

and refuted by Tertullian, ibid. and b.
Herrnhutters, rise of that sect and foun-
ders in xviii cent. iv. 198; account of
their descent from the Bohemian and
Moravian brethren doubtful, ibid. pro-
fess to agree with the doctrine and opi-
nions of the Lutherans, and what credit
ought to be given to such professions,
199; Dr. Mosheim's vague description
of their sect censured, with its infamous
character, ibid. and 1; sap the founda-
tions of morality, ibid. sub not. l.
Hervaus, Natalis, account of, ii. 488.
Hervey, a learned Benedictine monk and
expositor in xii cent. ii. 289 and c.
Hesychius, a moral writer in vii cent. i.

460.

Hetzer, Lewis, his infamous character, iii.

326; denies the divinity of Christ, 354.
Hevelius, a German philosopher, in xvii
cent. iii. 431.

Heyling, of Lubec, his pious labours in
Ethiopia in xvii cent. iii. 560 and u.
Hierax, of Leontium, his notions of Christ's
office and ministry, i. 237; account of
the sect formed by him, and of his te-
nets, ibid.

Hierocles, his works against the Christians
answered by Eusebius, i. 260.
High churchmen, their principles, iv. 113,
See Nonjurors, 111, &c.
Hilary, Bishop of Poictiers, his character
and works, i. 278 and f.

Hildebert, Archbishop of Tours, his cha-
racter ii. 195; his excellent system of
divinity, 200 and d: morality, 201 e.
Hildebrand, Pope. See Gregory VII. ii.
157, &c.

defends Callixtus's reputation,
in xvii cent. iv. 34.
Hildegard, pretended prophetess in xii
cent. ii. 286; the excessive veneration
paid to her, ibid.

Hilduin, of St. Dennis, his celebrated

work entitled Areopagitica, ii. 30 and s.
Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims, his char-
acter, ii. 31, 32 and e; exposition of the
four Books of Kings, 40.
Hippolitus, his character and works, i.
212 and y; adopts Origen's plan in his
commentaries, 218.

History of the church, the method of
treating it in the xvi cent. why changed
from that in the preceding centuries,
iii. 5; its division into two heads, ibid.
1st, general-its extent, 6-2dly, par-
ticular, ibid. which is subdivided into
two parts, ibid.-of the Reformation,
ibid. its improvements in xvii cent.

iii. 432; inuumerable advantages of it,
433; a short view of it in xviii cent. iv.
83.

Hoadly, Bishop of Winchester, his endea-
vours to lower the authority of the
English church and character, iv. 206;
by whom opposed, 207.

Hobbes, a daring and subtle enemy to
Christianity, his character, iii. 419; his
adherents and apologists, ibid. and a;
his writings, and if he recanted, ibid.
and b; opposed by whom, iv. 76.
Hoburg, Christian, a petulant writer
against the Lutherans in xvii cent, and
character, iv. 61.

Hoe, Matthew, his defence of the Protes-
tants, iii. 454; his perfidy, 457, s.
Hoffman, Daniel, disputes between him
and his colleagues, iii. 222; his tenets,
which he is obliged to retract, ibid. his
fanatical extravagance, censured, iv.
17.

Hoffman, Melchior, his infamous conduct,

iii. 326.

Holidays, their number diminished by an
edict of Urban VIII. iii. 549.
Holstenius, Lucas, attempts to reconcile
the Greek and Latin churches, iii. 553
and d.

Homilies, their origin in viii cent. i. 512.
Honorius, Pope, embellishes churches in
vii cent. i. 463; favours the doctrine of
one will in Christ, 468; writers of the
church of Rome attempt to save his in-
fallibility, ibid. q; is condemned by the
sixth General Council, 470.

Hospitallers, Knights, origin and nature of
their office, ii. 239; deviate from the
design of their original institution, and
commence warriors, ibid. and settle in
Cyprus, and from thence remove to
Malta, the present residence of their
chief, or master, 240 and 2.
Huber, Samuel, his controversy concern-
ing Predestination, iii. 259; is deposed,
and banished from Wittemberg, ibid.
Hubmeyer, Balthazar, an Anabaptist, his
enormous conduct, iii. 326.

Huet, Bishop of Avranches, his works, iii.
448 and x.

Huguenots, derivation of that word, iii.
281 and d; persecuted in France in xvii
cent. 463.

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Huisseaux, of Saumur, his pacificatory
principles in xvii. cent. iii. 471.
Humanity, its state in xiii cent. iii. 340.
Humbert, Cardinal, an eminent polemic

writer among the Greeks in xi cent. ii.
194; his notions of the real presence of
Christ's body and blood in the Sacra-
ment, 209.

Hume, his censure of Luther's opposition
to indulgences, and other Popish super-
stitions, refuted, iii. 27, p; charge against
the Reformers examined and refuted,
106, 114.

Hungary, Christianity established in x
cent. ii. 77 and m; the honour of their
conversion claimed by different na-
tions, 78 and n; Reformation introdu-
ced and settled, iv. 408.
Huss, John, his character, ii. 522 and 'p;
declaims vehemently against the cor-
ruptions of the clergy and court of
Rome in xv cent. ibid. odious to the
clergy, and the reasons, 523 and q;
publicly recommends the doctrines of
Wickliff, 524 and u; is condemned by
the council of Constance, and burned
alive, 525; the true cause of his suffer-
ings, 526 and x.

Hussinet, Nicholas of, head of the Hus-
sites, ii. 552.

Hussites, commotions made by them, to

revenge the death of their founder and
Jerome of Prague, ii. 552; their aver-
sion to administer the Sacrament in
one kind only, ibid. many put to cruel
deaths by the order of Sigismund, ibid.
war carried on, and shocking cruelties
by them and their opponents, ibid. di-
vide into two parties, 553.

Hyrcania, the Gospel propagated in viii.
cent. i. 477.

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James, Bishop of Edessa, translates the
dialectics into Syriac in vii cent. i. 451.

- I. of England, attempts the recon-
ciliation of the Lutheran and Reform-
ed churches, iv. 8 and f; his seeming
attachment to the Puritans, and decla-
ration in an assembly at Edinburgh, 90
and d; took a principal part in the con-
ference at Hampton Court, 91, e; with
the adulation of Whitgift and Bancroft
ibid. sub fin. not. e; remarkable change
of his conduct after his accession to
the crown, 92; Abbott's endeavours to
confirm the king in Calvinism, with
that Prince's dislike of the proceedings
at Dort, 92, 93 and h; the reason for
the King's dislike,94 and i; the change
of opinion fatal to the Puritans, 95;
his death, ibid.

II. his imprudence, iii. 466: why
obliged to abdicate, when the Revolu-
tion took place under William, Prince
of Orange, ibid. tolerates the Quakers,

and from what motives, iv. 149, 150
and r.

Jansenism, its rise, and the contents it pro-
duced, iii. 523; Jansenius's book, 524
and g, h; combatted by the Jesuits, ibid.
who procure its condemnation at Rome,
by Urban VIII. 525; this opposed by
the doctors of Louvaine and other Au-
gustinians, also in France by the Abbot
of St. Cyran, ibid. and k, l.
Jansenists, their contests with the Jesuits
'described, and how both parties were
balanced, iii. 526 and m; methods and
arguments employed by both parties
in this controversy, and miracles pre-
tended by the Jansenists, ibid. 527 and
n; persecuted and by whom, 530, ‍531;
their austere piety examined, 534, 535;
complaints against the church of Rome,
and their general principles just and
reasonable, but the consequences and
applications, faulty, as appears from the
sentiments of the Abbot of Cyran, their
great oracle, 534, 535 and a; deserved-
ly denominated Rigourists, ibid. their
notions of repentance, 536; exemplifi-
ed in the Abbé de Paris, 537; and in the
female convent of Port Royal, 538 and
e; many ambitious to live in its neigh-
bourhood, ibid. the end these pentitents
had in view, 539; the convent demol-
ished by Lewis XIV. 540.

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Jansenius, five propositions of his book
condemned by Pope Innocent X. iii.
529; doctrines contained in them, ibid.
530 and a; distinction invented by Ar-
naud in favour of these propositions,
ibid. a bull of Alexander VII. against
him, with a form of declaration sent
into France, ibid. 531; which produces
melancholy divisions and tumults, ibid.
persecution of his followers through the
Jesuits, ibid. but suspended under Cle-
ment IX, 532; conditional subscription
obtained, ibid. the peace granted the
Jansenists by Clement only transitory,
and totally ceased under Lewis XIV.
ibid. and u.

Japan, state of Christianity, iii. 405, 406;
its success owing to two circumstances,
and also to another, ibid. a; prejudices
of the natives, and divisions among the
missionaries, ibid. 407; accusations
against the Jesuits by the other mission-
aries, ibid. and against the latter by
the Jesuits, ibid. its downfal and extir-
pation how effected, with the reasons,
ibid. 403; firmness of the converts and
missionaries under horrid torments, with
the causes of this persecution, ibid. and
c; edict by which Europeans are forbid
to approach the Japenese dominions,
409; except a few Dutch, ibid.
Jaqueline, abbess of the convent of Port

Royal, her character, iii. 537 and c, d.
Jasidians, Jezedæans, a sect. in xvi cent.

some account of, iii. 198; their opinion
about the evil genius, ibid. and e.
Iconoclasts, who and their origin in viii
cent. i. 517; called also Iconomachi,
518; their numbers increase under the
patronage of Claudius bishop of Turin,
in ix cent, ii. 47.

Iconoduli, called Iconolatræ, who, i. 518.
Ideas, universal, controversy about in x
cent. ii. 90 and k.

Jena, academy founded at, in xvi cent. by
the Dukes of Saxeweimar, iii. 243; the
moderation of the divines here in re-
gard to Calixtus's plan of concord, iv.
37.

Jerome, of Palestine, his character, ì. 279;
admired for his translation of the Scrip-
tures into Latin, 284.

de St. Foi, writes against the
Jews in xv cent. ii 559.
Jerusalem, first Christian church. i. 61;
Patriarch of, howextensive his jurisdic-
tion in xvi cent. iii. 183 and q; famous
council held here in xvii cent. iii. 555
and g.

Jesuales, or apostolic clerks, their rise in
xiv cent. ii. 484; their order abolished
by Clement IX. Pope, ibid.
Jesuiabas, of Gaddala, Nestorian pontiff,
his treaty with Mahomet and Omar in
viii cent. i. 465: the testamentary di-
ploma of the former to the Christians
examined, ibid. k.

Jesuits their institution seems to have di-
minished the credit of the clerks school
in xv cent. ii 546; nature of their or-
der and institution,iii.116; the methods
by which they propagate Christianity
considered, 117; the nature and divi-
sion of this society into three classes,
139; and according to some into four,
ibid. x; zeal for the interest of the Ro-
man Pontiffs, and the true motives of
their missions, 140, 141 and y; exposed
to many perils and how delivered, with
insinuating manners, ibid.their charac-
ter and fate admirably described by Dr.
Brown of Dublin, ibid. a; zealous ad-
vocates for the ancient forms of doc-
trine in the Romish church, and why,
167; and for the infallibility and unli-
mited supremacy of the Pope, 168 and
y; their notions of divine grace and
original sin, 169, doctrine about the
motives to moral actions, 170 and ;
about probability and philosophical sin,
ibid. and a; about the Sacraments, 171
and b; make use of the intricate so-
phistry of the Schoolmen to puzzle the
Protestants, 220; their stratagems cor-
rupt the Lutheran doctors, 227; accus-
ed of sinister views by the other orders,
iii. 386; their methods of converting
persons procured them enemies, 388;
accused of malpractices in China, 398;
principal charge against them, 400; ba-
VOL. IV.

55

nished Venice, but afterward recalled,
483, 484, a; the influence they have in
France considered, 493 and r; the mul-
titude of their adversaries, particularly
the Jansenists, in xvii cent.503, 504 and
k; history by Bernard, 504, sub not. k;
interest strengthened byopposition, ib.
505 and l; some of their pernicious
maxims, 513 and s, 514 and t, u, books
written against them by Paschal and
Perrault burned, 515, w; answered by
F. Daniel, ibid. sub not. highly com-
plained of and condemned by Alexan-
der VII. Pope, 516; their disputes with
the Jansenists. 524.

Jesus, Fathers of the oratory, founded in
xvii cent. by Cardinal Berulle, iii, 501;
design of their institution and fame,
ibid. the nature of their office, ibid.
and d, e.

Jetzer, an account of the impious fraud

practised upon him in xvi cent. by the
Dominicans, iii. 18, k.

Jews, their civil and religious state under
Herod at Christ's birth, i. 43; after He-
rod's death, ibid. the calamities they
suffer under the Roman Governors, yet
permitted to enjoy the free exercise of
their religion, 44; their sufferings from
their own rulers, ibid. and 45; their
religion corrupted among all ranks,and
the division of their doctors into va-
rious sects, 45; their principal sects and
points of debate, ibid. 46 and m; yet
exercise mutual toleration, with the
motives, 47; variously interpret the
doctrine of future rewards and punish-
ments, ibid. the moral doctrine of their
sects, 49; corrupt the external worship
of God by rites from the Gentiles, 50
and t; various causes of their corrup-
tion, ib. some remains of piety among
them, 51; their state out of Pales-
tine, an evident proof of a providence
in human affairs, 53 and 2; persecute
the Christians in Palestine and foreign
countries, 65, 66 and e, ƒ; their plausi
ble pretexts for this procedure,ibid.and
the punishments they undergo, 66; the
state of their philosophy, S2; their se-
dition under Barchochebas, and its me-
lancholy consequences to them, with
advantages to Christianity, 129; the
cause of dissensions in the church in ii
cent. 170; their attempts against Chris-
tianity in iii cent. 202; their vain at-
tempt to rebuild their templein iv cent.
258; the dreadful phenomenon on this
occasion, and disputes about it, ibid.
and g, h; many converted in v cent.
and by what means, i. 333; oppress
the Christians under the command
of Gamaliel, 341; several embrace
Christianity in vi cent. 399; compel-
led to be Christians in vii cent by
the Emperor Heraclius, 442; many

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