gress, how retarded in Germany, 144 and ee; form of divine worship and ecclesiastical government, 145, and ƒ.
Dutch, its state in xviii cent. iv. 208; divided by the Cartesian and Coc- ceian controversies, but with some hopes of their termination, and whence, ibid. other controversies, and concern- ing what, ibid. 209 and x,y.
Eastern, its history in xvi cent. iii. 180; divided into three distinct communities, ibid. Greek, properly so called, what, its subdivision into two branches, and its four provinces de- scribed, 181, 182 and o, p, q; its doc- trine, 184; unsuccessful attempt to unite it with the Protestants, 185. Churches, Eastern, separated from the Greeks and Latins, iii. 190; compre- hended under two classes, with their names and subdivisions, ibid. and h; the remarkable aversion to Popery shown by those members of them who have been educated at Rome, 200, 201 and i; their state in xviii cent. iv. 195; Greek Christians treated with more in- dulgence than formerly, ibid. Church of England inclines to the senti-
ments of Luther, and in what respect, iii. 232; but changes after the death of Henry VIII. to Calvinism, 283; re- ceives a new form of ceremonials and discipline under Queen Elizabeth, 285 and 1; controversy with the Puritans, 318 revolution in it, in favour of Ar- minianism, iv. 80, 93; its genius and spirit, 80; state under James I. and changes made in it, 90, 94 and notes; state under Charles I. 95, 104 and notes; under Cromwell, 105, 106 and t; who tolerates all sects but Episcopalians, ibid. Presbyterian government esta- blished, ibid. t; what sects flourished at this time, 106 and u, w, x, y, and 107; its state under Charles II. and his successors, 210; divisions, whence the terms of High church and Low church, 111, 112 and notes; its state in xviii cent. iv. 205; established form of go- vernment, i, 206; Nonconformists in ge- neral tolerated, ibid. the members of the established church divided into two classes, with their different opinions concerning episcopacy, ibid. warm dis- putes between them, with the principal champions, ibid. and 207; its spirit with relation to those who dissent from it appears from its rule of doctrine and government, and from Dr. Wake's pro- ject of peace and union between the English and Gallican churches, ibid. and w; various sects in England, through the unbounded liberty of the press, and publishing religious notions, ibid.
Church, Greek, its history and deplorable
state in xvii cent. iii. 550; some excep- tions, 551 and a; invincible aversion to the Latin church, ibid. and b; me- thods for softening it, under Urban VIII. and great hopes of success entertained by the Latins, who published many la- borious treatises on this plan, 552, 553 and d; its doctrine, if not corrupted by the Romish missionaries, and doctors, 554 and g; whence, with bribery, &c. of the Jesuits, in obtaining certificates from the Greeks about some Romish points, 555.
Helvetic, what points first excited a difference between its members and the Lutherans, iii. 273 and m; adopt Zuingle's doctrine of the Eucharist, 274 and n; opposes Bucer's endeavours to modify its doctrine to some degree of conformity with that of Luther, ibid. warm contests in it concerning the for- mulary of concord, and whence, iv. 209; and how terminated through the intercession of the King of Great Britain and the States General, 210.
-Lutheran, its rise, iii. 42, 43 and q; progress retarded by internal divisions relative to the Eucharist, 49; and by a civil war, 50, 51; its name, commence- ment, and why called Evangelical, 207; why Lutheran, ibid. began to acquire a regular form, &c. and raised to the dig- nity of a lawful and complete Hierar- chy, 208; sum of its doctrine, ibid. cer- tain formularies adopted by this church, ibid. confession of Augsburg, with its defence, ibid. and a; its ceremonies and public worship, 209; rejects the ceremonies and observances of the church of Rome, 210; its visible head, and form of government, ibid. and ƒ; internal government removed from Episcopacy and Presbyterianism, Swe- den and Denmark excepted, 211 and g; Hierarchy, ibid. liturgies, public wor- ship, and method of instruction, 212; holidays and ecclesiastical discipline, 213 and h; excommunication, ibid. and how brought into disrepute,and to what attributed, 214; few prosperous or un- favourable events, 215 and k; allega- tions of their enemies against the reli- gious peace, unjust, 216 and n; state of learning, ibid. study of the Belles Let- tres and languages, 217; authors emi- nent therein, 218; various fate of phi- losophy among them, 219; sects among them, 220; science of theology correct- ed and improved, 223; exegetic theo- logy, its state, ibid. respective merits of interpreters, 224; two classes, 225; didactic theology, ibid. its form chan- ged, 226; morality, its state, and wri- ters upon this subject, 227; no regular system, 228; polemic or controversial theology introduced ibid. asperity in its
disputants, how alleviated, 229; three periods to be distinguished in the histo- ry of this church, 230; enjoys tolerable tranquillity during Luther's life, ibid. debates between Luther and the fanat- ics in the first period, and who they were, ibid. also between him and Caro- lostadt, with the occasion, 232, 233 and g, h, i; and Schwenckfeldt, 333; and Antinomians, 235; debates in the se- cond period between the death of Lu- ther and Melancthon, 237; methods to heal divisions, how frustrated, 249; form of doctrine projected, and James Andrea employed, 250; rejects the form of concord, 255; judgment con- cerning the controversies in it, 260; principal doctors and writers, 261; its history in xvii cent. iv. 3; loses ground in some places, ibid. attempts made to- wards an union between the Lutheran and Reformed churches, 6; declaration of the synod of Charenton, 8; prosper- ous events, 14 and p; progress in learn- ing, 15; state of philosophy, 16; free- dom of philosophical inquiries gains ground, 17; ecclesiastical polity, and bad consequence thereof, 23,24; most eminent writers in this century, 24; historical view of its religious doctrine, 25; commotions in it, 29; its external and internal state in xviii cent. 196; re- ceives a considerable accession, and whence, with its success in remote countries, but is oppressed at home,ibid. 197; methods of defence, &c. changed, and why, ibid. attempts to reform its body of ecclesiastical law, opposed by its chief rulers, whence contests arise, with their motives for opposition, ibid. its intestine enemies, and the fate they meet with, ibid. some pretended Refor- mers, but they fall into contempt and are forgotten, 198; state of philosophy, 200; metaphysics improved, and by whom, ibid. opposed, and controversies thereon, with the charges brought against it, ibid. the Wertheim transla- tion of the Bible condemned, and its au- thor imprisoned, 201; the Pietistical controversies still carried on, but redu- ced to one principal question, and what that is, ibid. and 202; other religious contests and divisions in this church,
202. Church, Reformed, its history in xyi cent. iii. 261; constitution and founders, ibid. no centre of union, and how far this re- mark is true, 262 and 4; the causes that produced this state of things, ibid. who may claim as members of it, 264; its progress in Switzerland, 266; contro- versy between the Lutherans and Re- formed, about the Eucharist, 265; pro- gress of it, 266, 268; dispute about pre- destination, 270; discord carried to the
greatest height, 271; what worthy of observation in the rise and progress of this church, 272; its history compre- hended in two periods, ibid. its princi- pal founder, 274; form of doctrine, dif- ferent from Zuingle's, 276; is opposed, 278, 279; yet propagated in many coun- tries, 279 in Germany and France, 281; its state in the Netherlands, 295; in Poland, 296; divisions, 299 and q; doctrine adopted by it, 301; how differ- ent from the Lutherans, 302; and the importance of these differences, 303; to whom belongs the right of ecclesias- tical government, determined, 304; its form of ecclesiastical government, 305, 306 and z; state of church discipline, 307; of learning, 309; interpreters of scripture, ib. theological doctrine, 310; state of morality,312; and explained by Perkins and others,ibid. persons of emi- nent genius in this church, 313; gains ground in Hesse and Brandenburg in xvii cent. iv. 4, 5; its history in this cent. 64; limits extended, ibid. 65, m,n, o; decline in France, 66; receives in- jurious treatment from the French court, 67; its decline in the Palatinate, 70; state of learning, ibid. and u; of explanatory, 72; and didactic theology, 74; and also of morality, 75; contro- versies, 77, 90; its state in xviii cent. 202; its great extent, and who may account themselves members of it, ibid. 203 and notes; expression of Dr. Mosheim censured, 203 o; inaccuracy censured, ibid. p; remarkable error in the quarto edition of this work correct- ed, and how, with the defence of the Reformed church against the charge of approximation to popery, ibid. r; no general subject of controversy between the Lutherans and Arminians, and how far this remark is true, 204 and s; pro- jects of reunion between the Reformed and the Lutherans, and whence un- successful, ibid. and t.
Reformed, in France, disposed to favour Arminianism, iv. 80; particu- lar tenets, 81; the cause of departing from their brethren in some points, ibid. charged with some concessions of moment to Popery, and this charge examined, 82 ii, and k; controversy raised by Hypothetical Universalists, 83; Cameron and Amyrout's attempts, with the form of reconciliation drawn up by the latter, ibid.
Romish, sends missionaries into Tartary in xiii cent. ii. 324; a great schism in xiv cent. 463; its bad conse- quences, 464; plan for reforming it, and the substance of it, in xvi cent. iii. 82; and w; charged with fanaticism and superstition, 106; zealous in appointing an infinite number of missionaries, and
how accounted for, 131; character of commentators, 160, 161; theological disquisitions in this church demand re- formation, and why, 161 and q ; state of practical religion among its members 163; moral writers divided into three classes, ibid. and t; produces many po- lemic divines, and their character 164; its internal state examined, and proved to be disordered, 165, 166; principal subjects of debate reduced to six, and explained, 167, and notes, vain attempts to unite the Russian church to this, 201; little or no success attends the labours of the missionaries among the Eastern sects, and iniquitous practices used to gain converts, 203, 204 and w; how far it was considered a true church by the commissioners of Queen Eliza- beth, 290; its history and Popes in xvii cent. iii. 449; attempts toruin the Protestants, but unsuccessful, 453, 454; writers on both sides, 454; loses ground in the East, with two striking instances of it, 477, 478 and s; its downfal in Abyssinia, 478; the papal authority, its decline, 481; French maxim concern- ing it, embraced by most princes and states of Europe, 482; all prospect of reconciling the Protestants with the members of the Romish communion quite removed in xviii cent. and how, iv.190; intestine divisions in this church, 191; controversy relative to the Jesuits and Jansenists still continues, ibid. 192 and f; debates occasioned by the New Testament of Quesnel, with the Bull of Pope Clement XI. in condemnation of it, ibid. commotions raised by this Bull in France, with the issue in favour of it, 193; two circumstances, by which Jansenism is supported, 194; pretended miracles by the remains of Abbé Paris refuted, and visions of the Jansenists considered, and success of their cause, ibid. and i, 195 and k; attempts of the Pontiffs to renew the Abyssinian mission ineffectual, ibid.
Church, rulers, how called in i cent. i. 88; their character and office, ibid. distinc- tion between teaching and ruling Pres- byters considered, ibid. and e.
Russian, its history and rise in xvii cent. iii. 556 and m, n; change in- troduced into it by Peter I. 557; its state in xviii cent. iv. 195; followers somewhat more civilized than in the former ages, with some exceptions, ibid. Churches, if the first Christians had any, considered, i. 107 and z, a ; the remark- able zeal of Christians for rebuilding and adorning them in xi cent. ii. 218. more ancient, their history, iii.
modern, an account of iii. 206. Chytræus, eminent for his knowledge in history in xvi cent. 218.
Cimbrians, converted to Christianity in ix cent. ii. 4.
Cinnamus, an historian, in xii cent. his character, ii. 246.
Circumcelliones, in Africa, their rise and ravages, i. 311; severe proceedings against them after their defeat at Bag- nia, 312.
Cistercian monks, their rise in xi cent. ii. 186 founder Robert Abbot of Moleme, ibid. discipline, ibid. gradually cor- rupted, 187 and c; their opulence and credit in xii cent. due to St. Bernard, Abbot of Clairval, ii. 274; whence call- ed Bernardians, ibid. division between them and the monks of Clugni, ibid. Clarendon, constitutions of, what, and their design, ii. 267 and s.
--Lord, his account of Archbishop Abbot,iv. 92 and ƒ; partiality censured, 93 sub. f.
Clarke, Dr. Samuel, charged with alter- ing the orthodox doctrine of the Tri- nity, iv. 210; his method of inquiring into that subject, and his doctrine of it comprehended in fifty-five propositions, 211, sub. not, ; endeavours to avoid the imputation of heresy ineffectual, is branded with that of Semi-Arian, and proceeded against by the houses of convocation, with his prudence, ibid. sub. s; is opposed by several divines, and particularly Dr. Waterland, and defends himself with spirit, 212. Claudius, Emperor,the state of the church under him, tolerable, i. 200.
Bishop of Turin, his exposition and chronology, ii. 30, 40; his laudable zeal in ix cent. against images and their worship, 47; is opposed, ibid. success in maintaining his opinions, ibid. the doctrine maintained by his adversaries, ibid.
denies Christ's divinity, iii. 355. Clausenburg, academy at, iii. 381 and x ; account of, ibid. Clemangis, Nicholas de, his great charac- ter, iii. 429 and p.
Clemens, Bishop of Rome, the most emi- nent writer in i cent. his works, i. 94 and s, t; some writings falsely attributed to him, 95 and w.
Alexandrinus, his great charac- ter, i. 148; commentary on the scrip- tures lost, 151; work against Heretics, 153; treatises on morality lost, 155. Clement, of Ireland, misrepresented by Boniface, Winfrid, i. 525; condemned at a council by Pope Zachary, ibid. the heresy he is charged with, examined, ibid. k.
III. Pope, remarkably zealous for Crusades, ii. 272.
V. abrogates the laws made by Boniface VIII. and shows himself to Philip the Fair in other respects, ii. 458; contentions which happened at his
death concerning the choice of a suc- cessor, ibid.
Clement, VI. his character and ambition, ii. 461; reserves to himself the disposal of various churches and benefices, ibid.
VII. his character, iii. 48; inso- lent behaviour at an interview with the Emperor Charles V. at Bologna, 59; reasons for deferring to call a general council, 77 and i.
-VIII. Hippolito Aldobrandini, an account of, iii. 449 and a.
IX. Rospigliosi, his character, iii. 457; peace of, 532 and u.
XI. Albani, his high character, iii. 453 and m; decides the controversy relating to the Chinese rites against the Jesuits, and severe edict of, iv. 185; which is mitigated, and how, ibid. con- sequence in China, ibid. condemns by his bull Unigenitus, Quesnel's New Testament, and anecdote concerning, 192 and g.
XII. character of, iv. 189. Clementina, spurious, i. 221 and n. Clergy, a perfect equality among them in i cent. i. 92; an artful parallel be- tween the offices of the Christian and Jewish, with the pernicious conse- quences, 147; their vices in iii cent. 209; they assume superior dignity, which occasions inferior orders, 210; concubinage introduced among them, 211; crimes charged on them, with the cause, in iv cent. 275; their excessive pride in v cent. 351; and source of their vices, 352; their vices not to be restrained by the legislature in viii cent. 490; veneration for them greater in the West than in the East, and why, ibid. and k; the increase of their reve- nues, whence, 491 and 7; are invested with temporal dignities, 492; great li- berality to them, and the cause of, 492, 493 and n; their enormous crimes in ix cent. and sources of them, ii. 17, 18; zealous in the cause of superstition, ii. 33; their revenues increased through the fondness that prevailed for relics, 37: vices in x cent. principally imputed to the examples of the pontiffs of Rome, 93; simony and concubinage frequent among them, 101, 102 and e, f; decay of piety and discipline among them in xi cent. 144; their infamous lives in xiii cent. ii. 346; complaints against them in xiv cent. 453; the great de- cline of the Christian church in xv cent. through their neglect and vices, 517; the objects of universal contempt in xvi cent. iii. 16; the doctrines they chiefly inculcated, what 22; neglect a reformation of principles, and why, 23. of Rome, their state in xvi cent. iii. 144; obtain considerable advan- VOL. IV. 53
tages at the expense of their pontiffs, 146; manners of the superior, and cause of their great corruption, ibid. the infe- rior orders more virtuous in their prin- ciples, ibid. their state in xvii cent. iii. 495; how corrupted, with several ex- ceptions, ibid. s and 496.
Clerks, apostolic, account of that order, and its abolition, iii. 344.
regular, their rise in xvi cent. ii.
Clovis, King of the Salii, founder of the kingdom of the Franks in Gaul, i. 334; converted to Christianity, and how in- duced to embrace it, ibid. is baptized by Remigius, Bishop of the Salii, ibid. the influence of his conversion on the minds of the Franks, 335; the miracle said to be performed at his baptism, a fiction, ibid. and o; his conversion gave rise to the title of Most Christian King, 336.
Clugni, Monks of, their founder Odo, Ab- bot of Clugni, ii. 102; discipline soon adopted in all the European convents, 103; a mistake made by writers con- cerning this order, ibid. h; jealous of the Cistercians, 274; Benedictines de- generate in xii cent. ibid.
Cocceius, John, his sentiments followed by the Dutch divines in xvii cent. iv. 26; method of interpreting Scripture, 73; followers and tenets, ibid. 74; who are united with the Cartesians, 115; his sentiments concerning Holy Scripture, and account of, 117; differs from Cal- vin, and how, ibid. his chimerical sys- tem, ibid. sentiments concerning the doctrinal part of theology, 118; is op- posed, yet, after all stands his ground, ibid.
Coddeus, Peter, assists Arnaud in propa-
gating Jansenism in Holland, iii. 533. Codinus, George, his works, ii. 547. Cœnobites, an order of Monks in iv cent. an account of, i. 292.
Cogitosus, a writer of the lives of the saints in vi cent. i. 423.
College de propaganda fide, founded at Rome in xvii cent. iii. 383; number of members, ibid. and a; business, 384; another by Urban VIII. 385; some of the same nature in France, ibid. alter- cations of their missionaries with those of the Jesuits, 386.
Collegiants, a Socinian sect, their rise in xvii cent. iv. 173 and t, u; founders, 174; whence called Collegiants and Rhinsbergers, ibid. and x; their customs and tenets, 175; extensiveness of their community, which comprehends all Christian sects, ibid. debates among them, and concerning what, 176 and
Collins, his impiety and Deism in xviii cent. iv. 188.
Collyridians, a sect in iv cent. i. 330; they worship the Virgin Mary, ibid. Colonia, Dominic, the use of his History of the controversies in the church of Rome, iii. 173.
Columban, the disciple of Congall, an ac- count of, i. 414,418 and u; the success of his ministry in vii cent. 455. Comestor, Peter, his character, ii. 283. Commentaries, chains of them in ix cent. and whence this name, ii. 38 and p. Commentators, few men of judgment among them in iv cent. i. 284; pervert the natural expressions of Scripture, and search for allegorical senses, 285; their character in vi cent. and division into two classes, 421; few among the Greeks in ix cent. and defects of the Latin, ii. 39; allegorical, their funda- mental principle, and number of senses, ibid. 40; deserve little notice in x cent. 110; many in xi cent. but very unequal to the undertaking, 198; their defects in xii cent. 288; their character in xiv cent. 488; in xv cent. 556. Commission court, high, account of, iii. 288 and p; exorbitant power, ibid. in. fine; principles laid down by it, 289; how answered by the Puritans, ibid. 290.
Commodus, Emperor, state of the Chris- tians under him, j. 134 and b. Comnenus,Alexius,Emperor of Greece,sus- pects the designs of the first Crusade, and is at first afraid, ii. 124; a great pa- tron of letters, 135; his controversy with the Manichæans, 220.
Emanuel, his character and
works, ii. 299, 300. Conception, immaculate, of the Virgin Ma-
ry, contest about in xii cent. ii. 302 and h; the cause of additional veneration being paid her, 303; controversy about it in xvii cent. between the Franciscans and Dominicans, iii. 540, 541 and g; feast instituted in honour of it by Cle- ment XI. 540, g.
Concord, form, account of, iii. 209, 250; why called Book of Torgaw, 253; its compilers, and account of, ibid. b, c; purposes for which used, 254; produces much disturbance, and opposed by the Reformed, ibid. and even by the Luthe- rans themselves, 255; their different motives,with Julius of Brunswick's con- duct, 256, 257; why rejected in his do- minions, ibid. suppressed in Branden- burg in xvii cent. iv. 6 and d; disputes in Switzerland concerning it, 125; by whom drawn up, and why, ibid. good intention of it frustrated, and contests occasioned, 126; abrogated at Basil and Geneva, and falls into oblivion, ib. disputes about in Switzerland in xviii. cent. and loses much of its credit, 209. Concordate, what, iis. 14; forcibly impo-
sed on his subjects by Francis 1. of France, ibid. and h.
Conference between Protestants and Pa- pists at Ratisbon, iii. 467; at Newberg, ibid. at Thorn, between several Doctors of the Lutheran, Reformed, and Romish churches, ibid. at Rheinfeldt, between the Reformed and the Catholics, 468; in France between Claude and Bossuet, ibid. at Leipsic, between the Lutherans and Reformed, iv. 8; at Cassel, ibid. and at Thorn, 9 and i. Confessional, some groundless remarks in it answered, iv. 214, 225. See Appen- dix II. and III. 214, 226. Confessors, who entitled to this name, i. 71; veneration paid to them perverted, and their number ibid. records of their lives and actions lost, 72. Confucius, assertion concerning him, iii. 403; religious worship paid him, by the Chinese, 404 and s.
Congall, abbot, propagates the monastic discipline in Great Britain, i. 413. Congregation of Aid, why so called, iii 178; history of its proceedings uncer- tain, ibid. and m.
of Cardinals, their office,
of the Holy Sacrament in France, and its founder, iii. 385. Conrad, of Lichtenau, his character, ii. 340.
of Marpurg, the first German inqui- sitor, ii. 425; his barbarity and fate, ibid. and k, l.
Constance, the famous council held at, in xv cent. ii. 520; its design to heal the divisions in the Papal empire, 521; limits the authority of the Pope, ibid. its happy issue, ibid. and m, n; issucs out a decree against the writings and ashes of Wickliffe, 529; deprives the Laity of the cup in the Holy Sacrament and the reason, 530.
Constans, obtains all the Western provin- ces, 255; is soon deprived of his em- pire, and assassinated by the order of Magnentius, ibid.
Constantine the Great, made Emperor in the West, i. 248; publishes an edict in favour of the Christians, and restores peace to the church, 250; is involved in a civil war hereupon, and defeats Maxentius, ibid. grants the Christians power to live according to their own laws and institutions, ibid. is converted to Christianity, and different opinions concerning his faith, ibid. the sincerity of his faith proved, 251; is baptized by Eusebius, Bishop of Nicomedia, a few days before his death, ibid. and w; whether influenced somewhat by worldly motives to embrace Christiani- ty considered, 252; the influence of Christianity and superstition compared,
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