Anastasius, how the cause of the Nestorian
controversy, i. 377; his sentiments ex-
plained by Nestorius, although keenly
opposed, yet gain ground, 378.

of Sinai, his writings, an ae-
count of, i. 416, 421 and e.

the Emperor, attached to the
Acephali, protects them, i. 434.

of Palestine, author of some
tracts against the Jews in viii cent. i.516.
an historian in ix cent. ii. 14.
Anchialus, patriarch of Constantinople,an
eminent patron of letters in xii cent.
ii. 246 and a; seems to have been at-
tached to the Aristotelian philosophy,
ibid.

Andreas, Antonius, a Latin writer in xiv
cent. ii. 488.

Andrea, James, employed in reconciling
the Lutheran Doctors, iii. 249. See
Form of Concord, 282, &c.
Andrew, Bishop of Crete, his homilies
considered as spurious, i. 456.
Andronicus, Emperor of Greece, forbids all

controversies concerning speculative
points of theology in xii cent. ii. 300
and b.

Angelome, a monk of Lysieux, an acute
but fantastic writer in ix cent. ii. 40, and
r; his expositions, ibid.
Angers, Bishops of, refuse to subscribe the
declaration against the Jansenists, and
the consequence, iii. 332.
Anglo-Saxons, oppress the Christians. i.
340; some few converted by Augustin
the Monk, 398; an universal conversion
among them in vii cent i. 440, the
causes of this conversion considered, '
ibid.

Anhalt, princes of, embrace Calvinism,
and the reason, iii. 299 and n.
Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, im-
proves the science of Logic, ii. 141;
inventor of the famous argument ascri-
bed to Des Cartes, 142; his character
and works, ibid. o, and 194; the first
who composed a system of divinity,
200; eminent for his moral treatises,
201, and controversial writings, ibid.

of Laon, his character, ii. 282,289.
of Havelsberg. strenuous advocate
for the Latins against the Greeks in xii

cent. ii. 298.
Ansgar, converts the Swedes in ix cent.

ii. 4; is created archbishop of Ham-
burgh, ibid. founder of the Cimbrian,
Danish, and Swedish churches, ibid. a.
Anthropomorphites, a sect in x cent. ii.
116; why encouraged and admired, 117.
Antichrist, ensigns of, what so called by
the Puritans, iii. 291.

Antidico-Marianites, a sect in iv cent. i.
330; their tenets, ibid.
Antinomians, their rise among the Luther-
ans in xvi cent. iii. 236; suppression by
Luther, ibid. tenets, 161; English, their

rise in xvii cent. and pernicious tenets,
iv. 107, 108, and x, a, b.

cent.

Antioch, Patriarch of, his jurisdiction in iv
275; the extent of his power in
xvi cent. iii. 182, o; four bishops claim
the title, ibid. p.

Antiochus, a monk of Seba, his character,
i. 455; and work, or Pandect of the Ho-
ly Scriptures, 459.

Antonines, their characters, i. 123.
Antoninus,Marcus,listens to calumnies, and
persecutes the Christians, i. 132; many
apologies published,133; false witness-
es suborned by his judges against the
Christians, ibid. his partiality to the Sto-
ics, and its effects upon learning, 136;
an ornament to the Stoics, 137.

Pius, persecution under him,
i. 132; his edict in favour of the Chris-
tians, ibid. and x.

Antonius Paulus, endeavours to correct

the abuses among the clergy in xvii
cent. iv. 39.

Antony forms in Egypt the solitary Monks
into a body, i. 290; the rapid progress
of this order in the East, and maxims of
their philosophy, which seduced the
Christians, ibid. the state of this order
in xi cent. ii. 190.

Apocryphal and spurious writings, many
in i cent. i. 94 and r.

books, reading of them in the
church disliked by the Puritans, iii. 289.
Apollinarian heresy, its rise, i. 323; au-
thor and tenets maintained by him,ibid.
the consequences deduced from the
sentiments of Apollinaris seem unjust,
324 and c; its fate, ibid. and d.
Apollonius Tyanneus, comparison of arist
and him pernicious, i. 260.

his controversies about the pow-
er of the magistrate in church affairs,
iv. 114; occasions a flaming dispute
between Spanheim and Vander Wayen,
ibid.

Apologies, many produced in defence of
Christianity in ii cent. i. 153.
Apostles of Christ, why limited to twelve,
i. 56; the success of their ministry, af-
ter the effusion of the Holy Ghost, 59;
the election of one in the room of Judas
60; founded many churches, 62; fables
related of them, ibid. their authority and
office, 85; left the external form of the
church undetermined, ibid. and s; they
and their disciples the principal writers,
93; the creed, by whom composed, 99
and k, ; instituted many rites, 104.

account of a sect in xiii cent. ii.
437; made no alterations in the doctri-
nal part of the public religion, ib. their
leaders and extirpation, 438 and h; the
credit given by them to the predictions
of the Abbot Joachim, 439.
Apostolic Fathers, their general character,
i. 97 and h.

Armenians, an account of, in xvi cent. iv.
193 and q; have three patriarchs, ibid.
and r, s; their titular ones, 194 and t;
their state in xvii cent. iii. 562; coun-
try laid waste by Abbas the Great,
King of Persia, ibid. and his generous
behaviour toward them, ibid. the advan-
tages they received from the settlement
of a great number of Armenians in dif-
ferent parts of Europe, ibid. and z; re-
ligious books printed for their use in
Europe, particularly in Holland and
England, ibid.

Arminianism, its rise and progress in xvii
cent. iv. 129. See Church Arminian,
127.
Arminians, their leading maxim adopted
by the Lutherans in xviii cent. iv. 25;
their rise and schism in this cent. 78;
condemned at the synod of Dort, ibid.
the effects of this schism in Holland, 79;
gain ground in England through Arch-
bishop Laud, 80; favoured in France,
Brandenberg, Bremen, and Geneva, ib.
the further progress of this sect. See
Church Arminian, 127.
Arminius, James, his tenets, and by whom
opposed, with the decision of the synod
of Dort, iv. 78; founder of the Armini-
an church, 127; his great character and
account of, ibid. professes publicly his
opinions about predestination and
grace, &c. in opposition to those of
Calvin, 128; two favourable circum-
stances for him, ibid. by whom opposed
and controversy thereupon, with his
death, ibid. and c; progress of his sect
after his death, 129.

Arnaud, his dispute with the Jesuits con-
cerning a frequent approach to the holy
communion, iii. 172 and c; improves
and illustrates the doctrine of Des Car-
tes, 507 and o; a patron of the Janse-
nists, 525; flies into Holland, 533; and
the consequences to the Jesuits, ibid.
and w; his dispute with Claude con-
cerning transubstantiation, 555.
Arndt, a moral writer in xvii cent. iv. 29;
debates relating to, 56; his good cha-
racter and works, particularly his True
Christianity, 57; is censured by some,
and by whom defended, ibid. a Para-
celsist, ibid.

Arnobius, character of his polemic works
against the Gentiles, in iii cent. i. 213.

the younger, an account of, i.

356.
Arnold, of Brescia, account of him and his
sect in xii cent. ii. 313; is justly censur-
ed for the violent impetuosity of his
temper, but discovered in his character
several things worthy of esteem, 314;
is greatly admired, and his followers
called Arnoldists, ibid.

of Villa Nova, his extensive
learning, ii. 345; unjust punishment, ib.
VOL. IV.
51

Arnold, Godfrey, disturbs the Lutheran
church, and his character, iv. 47; his
ecclesiastical history censured, ibid. his
partiality in favour of heretics, which
he quitted when old, 48 and o.
Arsenius, his synopsis of the Greek canon
law, in xiii cent. ii. 398.

Artemon, his tenets, i. 187; uncertainty
about these, ibid.

Arts, seven, the wretched manner of
teaching them in viii cent. i. 488; divi-
ded into the Trivium and Quadrivium,
ibid. the works of Cassiodore and Boe-
thius recommended for further progress,
489.

Ascetics, their rise and principles, i. 157 ;
why certain Christians became of this
sect, 158; the progress of this disci-
pline, 159.

Asculanus, Ceccus, a famous philosopher
in xvi cent. ii. 451; imprudently min-
gles astrology with his philosophy, ibid.
is accused of dealing with infernal spi-
rits, and burnt by the inquisitors at
Florence, 452 and a.

Asia, Protestant missions there in xvi cent.
iii. 409; English and Dutch colonies,
410.

Asiatic, Gnostic, sect in ii cent. and tenets,
an account of, i. 173.
Asinus, John Pungens, substitutes consub-
stantiation instead of transubstantiation
in xiii cent. ii. 415.
Astesanus, his character, ii. 489, 493.
Astrog, synods held there in xvi cent. iii.»
297; their happy effects, ibid.
Astrology, mixed with philosophy, consi-
dered as magic in xiv cent. ii. 451.
Asylum, right of, contest_about, between
Pope Innocent XI. and Lewis XIV. iii.
487 and l.

Athanaric, King of the Goths, persecutes
the Christian Goths in iv cent. i. 264.
Athanasius, account of him and his works,
i. 277 and u; refuses to restore Arius,
319; is deposed by the council of Tyre,
and banished into Gaul, ibid.
Atheists, few, if any, to be met with in
xviii cent. iv. 188; and those chiefly fol-
lowers of Spinoza, ibid.

Athenagoras, an excellent writer in ii cent.
i. 148.

Alto, Bishop of Vercelli, his works useful

in describing the genius of the people
in x cent. ii. 104.
Ave-Maria, added to the prayers in xiv
cent. ii. 497.

Augsburg, an account of the conference
held at, between Luther and Cajetan,
in xvi cent. iii. 30; and its issue, 31 and
r; the famous diet held by Charles V.
Emperor, 67; famous confession made
by the Protestants, 71 and c; its style
justly admired, ibid. its matter supplied
by Luther, but received its form from
Melancthon, ibid. contains twenty-eight

chapters, and to what they refer, ibid.
and d, e; a refutation of it attempted
by the Roman Catholics, ibid. and Me-
lancthon's answer to it, which is called
A Defence of the Confession of Augs-
burg, 72; three methods proposed for
terminating these religious dissensions,
ibid. conferences judged the most effec-
tual way to put a period to them, and
why, 73 and f; but proved to be inef-
fectual, ibid. the severe decree against
the reformers, 74 and g; religious peace
concluded at the second diet held here,
92; acts favourable to the Protestants
passed, ibid. remarks upon, and proofs
of, the ignorance and superstition of
the times, ibid. confession of, and its
defence, 208; and interpolations by
Melancthon, ibid. a; its associates,295.
Augustin, Bishop of Hippo, his character,
i. 279, 280, and 1; admired for his di-
dactic writings, 286; his success against
the Donatists, 313; suppresses Pelagi-
anism, i. 392; opposes the Predestina-
rians, 395.

a Benedictine monk, sent into
Britain in vi cent. i. 398 and e; converts
many Anglo-Saxons to Christianity, ib.
St. Monks of, their rise in xiii
cent. and founder, ii. 369.
Augustus, base methods used by him to
obtain power, i. 29.

Avignon, Popes remove thither their resi-
dence in xiv cent. ii. 455 and h; their
power diminished, 456; invent new
schemes to acquire riches, ibid.
Aurelian, state of the church under him
tolerable, i, 200; a dreadful persecution
prevented by his death, ibid.
Aureolus, Peter, an account of, ii. 488.
Ausonius, his character as a poet, i. 266.
Austria, commotions in, against the Pro-
testants, in xvii cent. iii. 455 and p.
Authbert, the success of his ministry in
Jutland and Cimbria in ix cent. ii. 4;
converts the Swedes, ibid.
Autherius, Bishop of Bethlehem, founds
the congregation of the Holy Sacra-
ment in xvii cent. iii. 385.
Authpert, Ambrose, his character, i. 507;

his Commentary on the Revelations,
ibid. his lives of the saints, 515.
Autun, Honorius of, his character and
works, ii. 283; a polemic writer, 298.
Auxerre, William of, his systematic divini-
ty, an account of, ii. 283.

Awerri, in Africa, King of, converted to
Christianity by the Capuchins in xvii
cent. iii. 411.

B.

Bacon, John, an account of, ii. 488.

Roger, his great character, ii. 341
and q; and 400 k; his extensive pro-
gress in the sciences, 345 and d, e; un-
just imprisonment, ibid.

Baius, his disputes about grace in xvi
cent. iii. 174; is accused and condemn-
ed with his unjust treatment, 175 and ƒ.
Balbi, John, promotes the study of the
Greek language in xiii cent. ii. 341.
Balduin, his controversy concerning the
merits of Christ, iv. 55.
Baldus, his character, ii. 449.
Balsamon, Theodorus, his erudition and
diligence in explaining the civil and
ecclesiastical laws of the Greeks in xii
cent. ii. 281 and b.

Bancroft, his sermon at Paul's Cross, on
the divine right of Bishops, exasperates
their contest with the Puritans, and the
effects, iii. 287, 288.

Baptism, not to be considered as a mere
ceremony, i. 104; the manner of cele-
bration in i cent. 107.

in iv cent. by the Bishop with
lighted tapers, and on the vigils of Eas-
ter and Whitsuntide, i. 306.
Baptismal fonts, introduced into the por-
ches of churches, when, i. 306.
Baptists, general, Arminian, their doctrine,
iii. 348; in what they agree with the
particular Baptists, 349.

- particular, Calvinistical, their
tenets, iii. 349; settle in London, ibid.
Baradæus, Jacob, restores the Monophy-
sites in vi cent. i. 434; his dexterity
and diligence, 435; is acknowledged
their second founder, and hence they
are called Jacobites, ibid.

Barbarians, western, persecute the Chris-
tians in x cent. ii. 84.

Barcepha, Moses, his great character, ii.
29 and p.

Barcochebas, assumes the name of the
Messiah, i. 129; a great enemy to the
Christians, 131 and u.

Bardesanes, founder of a sect of heretics
in ii. cent. i. 176; the doctrine he taught,

177.

Barlaam, his book of ethics shows the au-
thor to be inclined to Stoicism, ii. 447;
a champion for the Greeks against the
Latins in xiv cent. 487, 494; finds fault
with some Greek monks, 497; the names
he gives them, who are defended by
Gregory Palamas, 498; is condemned
by a council at Constantinople, ibid.
Barnabas, the epistle attributed to him,
supposed to be spurious, i. 97.
Barnabites, regular clerks of St. Paul,
founded in xvi cent. and by whom, iii,
150; soon deviate from their first rule
and their office, ibid. and u.
Baronius, Cesar, his Annals, an account
of, iii. 152 and s; confutations of them
ibid. and a.

Barre, Nicholas, forms the Pietists into a
society in xvii cent. iii. 503.
Bartolus, his character, ii. 449.

Barrow, Isaac, his great zeal for natural
knowledge, iii. 445.
Barsumas, of Nisibis, a zealous promoter
of Nestorianism, i. 381.

Abbot, brought the Eutychian
opinions into Syria and Armenia in v
cent. i. 386, 387; but the former rejects
them, ibid. and h.

Basil, Bishop of Cæsarea, account of him
and his works, i. 277 and w.

the council held at, in xv cent. ii.
532; the designs of it, and vigorous pro-
secutions taken at it, alarm the Roman
pontiff, 533 and h, i; the decrees, and
acts, of it, 534; the attempts of Euge-
nius IV. to dissolve it ineffectual, 535;
depose Eugenius, and elect another
named Felix V. ibid. friars at Lausanne
ratify Felix's abdication, and confirm
the election of Nicholas, 538.
Basilides, chief of the Egyptian Gnostics,

i. 179; gems supposed to come.from
him, ibid. andr; enormous errors of his
system, 180; falsely charged with de-
nying the reality of Christ's body, ibid.
s; his moral doctrine, 181; his errors,
and how led into an enormous one,
ibid. and t.

Basilius, of Seleucia, writes against the
Jews in v cent. i. 362.

the Macedonian, under him the
Sclavonians and Russians are convert-
ed in ix cent. ii. 5; an inaccurate ac-
count of the latter by Lequien, 6 h.

the founder of an heretical sect
in xii cent. ii. 306; is condemned, and
burnt at Constantinople, ibid. his tenets
resemble the ancient Gnostics and Ma-
nichæans, ibid. denies the reality of
Christ's body, and a future resurrection,
ibid.

Bassi, Matthew de, zealous in attempting
to reform the Franciscans in xvi cent.
iv. 147 and i, k; founder of the order
of the Capuchins, ibid.
Bayle, a skeptical philosopher in xvii cent.
iii. 448 and y.

Beauvoir, account of the letters which
passed between him and archbishop
Wake, relative to their correspondence
with the doctors of the Sorbonne, con-
cerning the union project, iv. 229; au-
thentic copies of them, 252. See Wake.
Becker, Balthaser, account of, iii. 445; his
peculiar sentiments, and contest occa-
sioned by them, iv. 122; work entitled
The World bewitched, ibid. argument
against the being of spirits unsatisfacto-
ry, ibid. u; is opposed, and tumults
consequent thereupon, 123; is deposed
from his pastoral office, and continues
in the same sentiments to his death,
ibid. and w.

Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, sub-
scribes, and afterward rejects the Con-
stitutions of Clarendon, ii. 267, 268 sub

fin. not. 8; retires into France, and re-
turns, 269; is assassinated in his own
chapel, ibid. reasons to clear Henry II.
of England from consenting to his mur-
der, and the punishment inflicted on the
assassins, ibid. t; is enrolled among
the most eminent saints, 270 and u.
Bede, venerable, his character, i. 507 and
u; exposition of St. Paul's epistles and
Samuel, 509 moral treatises, 515.
Beghards, see Beguines, the origin of this
denomination, ii. 392 and r; differed
from the Fratricelli in what, 393; con-
sidered as seculars and laymen, 395 and
s; the miseries they suffer under Charles
IV. in Germany, 481, 482; but not ex-
tirpated, ibid.

Beghards, Belgic and German, their ori-
gin, ii. 395 and u, 396 and w; first soci-
ety when and by whom formed, ibid.
and x; corrupted by the brethren of the
free spirit in xiv cent. 500; a division
of this sect, 501 c; the persecution of
them and tragical conclusion, 502, 503
and h.

Schwestriones, in xv cent. iii.
449; their leading principle, ibid. the
miseries they suffer from the inquisition,
ibid. accounts of them by many writers
imperfect, ibid. h.

by corruption called Picards, ii.
563: their horrible tenets, 564; severe
treatment from Ziska, ibid. and i; call-
ed Adamites, 565; this name afterward
applied to the Hussites, ibid.
Beguines, see Beghards, how different from
the Belgic and German, ii. 395.
Behmen, Jacob, one of the Rosecrucian
brethren, iii. 437; his chimerical no-
tions and followers, iv. 59; works, ibid.
ს.

Believers, who obtained this name in the

earliest period of the Christian church,
i. 88; how distinguished from Catechu-
mens, 99.

:

Bellarmine, Robert, an eminent defender
of the Romish church in xvi cent. iii.
164 his character, ibid. is censured by
the church of Rome, ibid. and u.
Bellator, his character as a commentator,
i. 420; translates the works of Origen,

425.

Bello-visu, Armand de, an account of, ii.
400.

Bembo, Peter, Cardinal, a supposed infi-
del writer in xvi cent. iii. 119.
Benedict, of Nursia, founder of an order of
monks in vi cent. i. 414; his works, 417.

Abbot of Aniane, employed by
Lewis the Meek, to reform the practi-
ces of the monks in ix cent. ii. 27; re-
stores the monastic discipline, ibid. sub-
jects the various monastic orders to that
of Benedict of Mount Cassin, ibid. his
discipline at first admired, soon declines,.
ibid.