FISHMONGER, one who deals in fish.

Does the fishmonger go about the streets? IRON, struck or beaten; a hard grayish and useful metal.

Is iron more useful than gold }

IRONMONGER, a dealer in iron.

Does an ironmonger deal in iron? Boot, amends, or more; profit, or something more.

Is boot given in trading?

THIRTY-EIGHTH STUDY.

TEACHING.

In the early ages of the world, parents taught their own children. Parents were both teachers and ministers.

What is said of teaching ?

“Early had he learned
To reverence the volume that displays
The mystery, the life which cannot die;
But in the mountains did he feel his faith." WORDSWORTH.

TEACHING, leading or drawing; giving Monk, separate; a man who retires knowledge.

from the world to attend to reIs teaching useful!

ligion. TEACHER, one who leads; one who Do monks live in an abbey ? gives knowledge.

Nun, not up, or mature; a woman Is a teacher kind ?

who retires from the world to atPRIEST, one who stands before others; tend to religion. one who waits at the altar.

Does the nun live in a convent? Did the priest wait on the dying LEARNING, giving or getting knowman?

ledge; gaining knowledge in any CANON, a reed or measure; a church

way. law; also a minister in the

Is learning useful ! church.

LEARNER, one who gets knowledge; a Should we obey the canon of the person who is getting knowledge. church?

Is a child a learner ?

THE doctor, lawyer and author arose after the teacher.

KINGDOMS were formed at an early age of the world. Public men arose as officers.

“When freedom from the mountain height

Unfurled her standard to the air,
She tore the azure robe of night,

And set the stars of glory there.”

Repeat what is said of the state.

KING, able; the chief ruler in a na- YEOMAN, common; an officer in the tion.

king's house. Has the king supreme power? Will the yeoman wait upon the QUEEN, a woman; a female ruler.

king? Does a queen rule in England ? LORD, bread giver; one having suEarl, noble; a nobleman of the third

preme power. rank.

Has the lord a castle ?
Does the earl serve the king? SHERIFF, a shire holder; an officer
KNIGHT, a boy; a man of rank bear- who executes law in a county.
ing arms.

Is the sheriff faithful?
Is the knight brave?

Provost, place before; the chief of- Does the watch go about the city ficer in a town or college.

at night? Does the provost oversee things? WATCHMAN, one who guards a city by WATCH, awake, that wakes; a strict night. guard; a man set to keep any thing.

Is the watchman up early

?

CHAPTER VIT.

TOOLS AND WORKS OF MAN,

BUSINESS calls for tools. The farmer needs his plough and spade; the smith needs his anvil and hammers.

* Earth's thousand tribes of living things

At art's command to him are given;
The yillage grows, the city springs,

And point their spires of faith to heaven.”

SPRAGUE

What is said of tools and works of man?

FORTY-FIRST STUDY.

TOOLS AND WORKS OF THE FARMER.

THE farmer has now a great many fine tools. In the early ages of the world they were few and very rude.

“The farmers crop their living from their crop,
And each man shares the blessing of their shares.”

WATSON. Repeat what is said.

Plough, that thrusts; art instrument Does the farmer throw up earth to furrow land.

with a shovel ? Does the farmer use a plough in Hoe, hack or hew; an instrument spring!

to cut weeds and loosen the SPADE, broad; an instrument to dig earth. the ground.

Does the gardener use a hoe? Can the boy dig with a spade ? RAKE, reach or stretch; an instrır SHOVEL, pushing; a hollow instru- ment to gather grass together. ment to throw up earth.

Can you use a rake?

SICKLE, that cuts; a curved tool to BERE, corn; a kind of barley. cut grain with.

Does bere grow in Scotland? Does the reaper use a sickle ? HEAP, a mass or bundle; a pile, as of SCYTHE, an axe; a tool for mowing grain. grass.

Is the heap large ? Does the mower use a scythe ? OATS, eaten; a kind of grain used for HAY, cut; cut and dried grass.

cattle. Do horses eat hay ?

Do horses eat oats ? Crop, a gathering; grain and fruits Rye, rough; a grain like wheat, but of the earth.

not so good. Is there a large crop this year? Do we make flour from rye ? Wheat, that is rubbed; a useful grain, Flax, drooping; a plant from which from which flour is obtained.

linen is made. Is wheat a grain ?

Has flax a blue flower ? BARLEY, corn or grain; a grain some- Whip, a thrust or throw; an instruthing like wheat.

ment for driving animals. Do you like barley ?

Does the teamster use a whip?

FORTY-SECOND STUDY.

TOOLS AND WORKS OF THE HUNTER AND FISHER.

THE hunter and fisher at first had only the club, stone and rude spear. Now they have nets, traps, guns and harpoons.

“The patient fisher takes his silent stand,
Intent, his angle trembling in his hand;
With looks unmoved he hopes the scaly breed,

And eyes the dancing cork and bending reed.” POPE.
Repeat what is said.
Bow, bent; an instrument made of Was the beaver caught in a
bent wood and a string.

Does the hunter use a bow? Shot, that is darted; a ball or bullet. ARROW, a shoot or rod; a poisoned

thrown from a gun. weapon shot with a bow.

Is shot made of lead ?
Did the arrow pierce the animal! Rod, a sprout; a pole for fishing.
TRAP, that trips; an instrument that Has the fisher a rod?
shuts with a spring.

Hook, that which snatches; a curved

piece of metal.

trap?

Was the fish caught with a NET, a knot; an instrument made of hook?

twine woven together. SEINE, a drag; a large net for taking Are the fishermen mending their fish.

nets? Was the seine full of fish?

HANDLE, that which is seized; that WEIR, an inclosure; a fence of sticks part of a tool held in the hand. in a river to take fish.

Do we take a thing by the Was the weir broken?

handle ?

FORT Y-THIRD S T U DY.

TOOLS AND WORKS OF THE HOUSEWRIGHT.

THE house is one of the most needed of all the works

of man.

“ All are architects of Fate,

Working in these walls of Time;
Some with massive deeds and great,

Some with ornaments of rhyme.”

LONGFELLOW.

Axe, what hacks; a tool to hew tim- GATE, a passage; a large door into ber and cut wood.

an inclosed place. Is the axe a good tool?

Is the gate broken? HAMMER, the beater; a tool to drive BRIDGE, what bears; a building raised or draw nails.

over a river. Is the hammer made of iron?

Is the bridge strong ?
STEEPLE, that

goes up;

the tower of Saw, what cuts; a tool with teeth to

a church ending in a point. cut wood.

Is the steeple high?
Does the carpenter use

Tower, a pile; a kind of a house for saw ?

defense. AUGER, the borer; a tool to make

Are there many towers in Englarge holes.

land? Can you bore a hole with an

Box, what is close; a case of boards. auger?

Is the box made of wood ? HOUSE, a covering; a place for man CHEST, a hamper; a kind of close to live in.

box. Is the house large ?

Is the chest large ? LADDER, a leader; a frame of wood BIER, what bears; a frame to carry joined by rounds.

the dead on. Can you go up a ladder ?

Did you ever see a bier ?