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綏績朕惟在罔純侵 在予躬克厥或戎 服耆我我

位。

人呼伊惟子壽御國

永有恤祖 則事家

and the invading barbarous tribes of the west have greatly injured our empire. Moreover, among the managers of my affairs, there are none of age and experience, and distinguished ability, in their offices. I am thus unequal to the difficulties of my position, and say to myself, 'My grand-uncles and uncles, you ought to compassionate my case. Oh! if there were those who could establish their merit in behalf of me, the one man, I might long enjoy repose upon the throne.'

方嗣位之初, ‘just as I have succeeded to |或耆壽咎在厥侶(一躬),

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nal’‘to chastise.”The Daily Explanation, for 天丕愆 gives 為天所大譴 資澤于下民, the necessaries

descending like moistening rain upon the lower people,' mean the favours and help which ought

to flow from the throne to the people, but which

among the managers of my affairs, there are none of age and experience. The evils are on my person. This is not liable to the difficulty which 俊 presents in the common reading; but

the sentiment does not seem appropriate to the place.

adequate;' i.e, feeble, unsupported; in the midst 予則克- I then am not of calamities, the king felt unequal to the difficulties he had to cope with. 日惟至

were now cut off. The king is probably referring the indicates that the king thus

to his own troubles and the troubles of the

people, occasioned by the removal of the capital from Haou to Lǒ-yang.

侵戎我國 家純-the 戎 here naturally leads our thoughts to the western barbarians, and especi

ally to the ‘Dog Jung,' who had killed king

Yew, and kept possession of Haou. Gan-kwǒ,

however, takes the term in the sense of 兵

'weapons.' But whether we take it in that meaning, or as a name, we have to understand a verb like, 'to injure,' carrying on the action

or‘greatly.’

spoke to himself. As Ying-tǔ says,私為 言 惟祖惟 is an appeal to the

princes of the same surname with himself. As

必 we have seen, denotes ‘uncles,’祖 will be 'grand-uncles.' The 'Daily Explanation'

gives for it-爾諸侯有在我祖

Medhurst has missed the 之列者.

meaning, and renders-Of those who have stood before my grandfather and father.' Gaubil has missed it in a different way:-'Quel est donc celui qui pourra me tenir lien de grand

of 侵戎to國家 纯=大,‘great,'’ pere et de pere?, 伊 is here a particle, 一 卽我至厥服−耆惟. We have to suppose a second 予一 人 as the nominative to 綏. The end of this par. thus corresponds to that of the preceding.

go together, signifying aged,' 'men of years and experience.' I do not see how we can discriminate these terms, and hence the

俊‘talented,' stands awkwardly by itself. 服≡官or職, as in Bk. V., p. 3. Këang

Shing adopts here a reading current in the Han

dynasty, and edits:我御事,

VOL. III.

Chang Kew-shing observes that the weakness

of king Ping's character is here apparent. He

shows no self-reliance. He has no higher aim time.

than to live quietly and have tranquillity in his

78

3

邦歸王艱汝追 代顯義 若多孝用祖

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卣,用

賚爾

修于會汝汝

弓爾師義子打前紹肇克 秬年 嘉我文乃刑昭

彤鬯爾其○于人辟文乃

"Uncle E-ho, you render still more glorious your illustrious ancestor. You were the first to imitate the example of Wăn and Woo, collecting the scattered powers, and continuing the all-but-broken line of your sovereign. Your filial piety goes back to your accomplished ancestor, and is equal to his. You have done much to repair my losses, and defend me in my difficulties, and of you, being such, I am full of admiration."

4 The king said, “ Uncle E-ho, return home, survey your multitudes, and tranquillize your State. I reward you with a jar of spirits, made from the black millet, mixed with odoriferous herbs; with

P.3. The king acknowledges the services which 前文人, with your filial plety you pursue prince Wan had rendered, and praises him. By after the former accomplished man.' The mean乃顯祖,‘your distinguished ancestor,' weare ing is much the same as that of the former to understand the prince of Tang. Healso is in- | clause, 汝克昭乃顯祖·汝多 tended by the 前文人 below. 汝肇刑修杆我于艱 you have done much to 文武-whether we define 肇 by 始, as in repair and to guard me in difficulties. Wang the translation, or by 敏, 'earnestly, as Kënng Tseaou says:一修,完於殘破之後 托禦於侵之時

Shing does, it seems very extravagant to be com-
paring prince Wăn to the kings Wăn and Woo.
T's'ae observes that the principles of Wăn and
Woo might be said to be extinct, when the
ministers about the court were only such as are
described in the last par., but now prince Wan
had begun to lead the way to their revival,

(後或者壽俊在厥服則
刑文武之道絕今刑
武自文侯始故日肇刑
It). 用會紹乃辟一會一合,
‘to unite;'紹一繼 to continue. But to
unite and continue your sovereign' is not very
Ping was a fugitive, and his claim to the

intelligible. The meaning is as I have given it.

throne disallowed, when his father was killed. Then the Jung held possession of the capital. It was owing, he means to say, principally to prince Wăn, that the forces of several princes

which the king might call his forces-were

collected, the Jung driven out, and he himself brought back to the throne.

P.4. The Charge. 其歸視爾 師師一衆, multitudes,' ' people. The sending the prince home might be considered a favour, as his attendance on the king in the removal from Haou to Lo must have been a

service of no little difficulty and fatigue.

explain the 用賚爾秬鬯一卣一to ‘therefore,' the ‘Daily Explanation' in用, troduces in its paraphrase-予嘉汝功

'I admire your merit.' We must suppose some thought in the king's mind, which is not

expressed in the text. On 秬鬯一卣 comp. the explan. of 秬鬯二卣 in Bk.

XIII., p. 21. The spirits thus presented to him would be employed by prince Wan in sacrificing to his ancestor, the prince of Tang, and announcing to his spirit the favour conferred on him by the king.

追孝于盧=黑,(black)

彤=赤,(red;"

The conferring on a

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one red bow and a hundred red arrows; with one black bow, and a hundred black arrows; and with four horses. Go, my uncle! Show kindness to those who are afar off, and help those who are near at hand; cherish and secure the repose of the inferior people; do not idly seek your ease; inspect and compassionate all in your capital, and other cities-thus completing your illustrious virtue."

prince of a bow and arrows was understood to [xiv.] King Hwan, (), or The Lainvest him with the power of punishing all within

his jurisdiction who were refractory to the borious', grandson imperial commands, but not of taking life with- of Ping. B.C. 718-696.

out first reporting to the court. See in the

Le Ke, Bk. 王制 Pt. ii, p. 19,賜弓 矢然後征期鉄鉞然後殺

Whether anything special was denoted by sending to Wan two bows of different colours, and

two sets of arrows, I do not know. 柔
遠能邇-
簡恤爾都都 here is most probably

-see Bk. XXII., p. 8; et al.

to be understood as used not for the chief city

only, but for all the other cities of the State. Ts'ae, after Gan-kwo, makes it

'from the capital to the borders.' Soo

Shih made the 簡 refer to the officers' (簡 閱其士), orer whom the prince should

keep a watchful eye, and to the people, for

whom he should exercise a compassionate care (惠恤其民). It is by no means clear

to me that this Charge is the appointment of

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[xx.] King Kwang (EE), or 'The

Wan to be a 方伯 ‘chief of a region' That | Corrector(貞心大度日匡), son of

opinion probably arose from the view to which I have referred, that it was duke Wăn to whom the Charge was given.

CONCLUDING HISTORICAL NOTE. In the 51st or last year of Ping's reign, occurred an eclipse of the sun, Feb. 14, B.C. 719. He is the last of the emperors of the Chow dynasty, with whom

the Shoo has anything to do; but the Spring

and Autumn' commences in B.C. 721, with the first year of duke Yin (A) of Loo, and continues the history for about two centuries and a half longer.

It may be well here to give a list of the rest of the sovereigns of Chow. P'ing was the 13th.

King. B.C. 611-606.

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Righteously-successful' (E). He again was killed before the end of

#), son of Ling. B.C. 543–519.

[xxv.] King King (E), or The Respectful’(善合法典日敬),

son of

King. B.C. 518–476. King King () died

in the beginning of summer, when his son Măng , known as king Taou (E), was

declared his successor; but he died before the year was out, and does not enter into the list of

emperors.

[xxvi.] King Yuen E), or 'The Popular (行義悦民日元), son of

King (). B.C. 474–466.

[xxvii.] King Ching-ting (E),

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[xxxii.] King Heen (), or 'The

or 'The Pure and Correct' (Illustrious (?),' younger brother of Lee. B.C. 日貞純行不爽日定), son of

Yuen. B.C. 465-440.

[xxviii.] King K'aou (E), son of Ching-ting. B.C. 439-425. In the spring of B.C. 446, Ching-ting died, and was immediately succeeded by his eldest son,-king Gae (

367-320.

[xxxiii.] King Shin-tsing (E),

son of Hëen. B.C. 319-314.

[xxxiv.] King Nan

Ruined and Sad' (

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or 'The

son of Shin-tsing. B.C. 313-255.

Nan surrendered the empire to the chief of Tsin, but the supremacy of that State was not

-who was shortly killed by a brother, who seized the throne, and is called king Sze(fully acknowledged till B.C. 221.

1

THE BOOKS OF CHOW.

BOOK. XXIX. THE SPEECH AT PE.

徐淮徂聽 無嗟公
戎夷兹命

·節

人曰,

The duke said, "Ah! ye men, make no noise, but listen to my

commands. We are now going to punish those wild tribes of the

Hwae and of Seu, who have risen up together.

THE NAME OF THE BOOK.

The

speech at Pe.' This Book carries us back from the times of P'ing to those of Ching, the second of the emperors of Chow. The speech recorded in it is attributed in the Preface to the Shoo to

Pih-k'in the son of the duke of Chow; and there is a general acquiescence of tradition and critics in this view. We may account for its

position out of the chronological order from its being a record not of any imperial doings, but of the sentiments of the prince of a State.

"Spring and Autumn," Pe was an independent
principality, for in the first year of duke Yin
(B.c. 721) we read in the
that 'the

thereabouts. At the commencement of the

baron of Pe led a force to fortify Lang' ( 1. Afterwards, it became

the chief city of the Ke family of Loo, as we read again, in the first year of duke He (B.C. 658), that 'he granted to Ke Yew the fields on

Kang-shing and others placed it before 'Leu the south of the Wăn, and Pe' (A

on Punishments,' which arrangement, still leaving it out of the order of time, would deprive. In the Anaus of the explanation just given. The speech has reference to some military operations against the tribes on the Hwae and other wild hordes of the province of Seu or T'seu; but we saw that they were in insurrection many times during the reign of Ching, and we cannot tell

lects also Min Tsze-k'een appears as asked to be governor of Pe (Ana. VI., vii.). We may conclude, therefore, that, in the time of Pih-k'in, Pe did not belong to Loo. But it was in his jurisdiction as the chief or ruling prince of the

to what year the Book should be referred. Pih-regions of the east (1). Gan-kwo is

k'in presided over his principality for the long period of 53 years, and died B.C. 1,062. The speech was made at Pe (; ;-see Ming-shing on what he says was the older form of the name). On the situation of this place I give the note of Ch'in Sze-k'ae:-'Pih-k'in had his

capital in the pres. dis. of K'euh-fow ( (曲阜),

dep. of Yen-chow, and Pe was in the dis. still

so called, in the dep. of E-chow Now, acc. to the

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E is east from Yen-chow 385 le; Pe is 95 le to the north-west of E; K'euh-fow is east from Yen-chow 30 le; and thus from K'euh-fow to Pe was 280 le or

wrong when he says that Pe was a place in the eastern border of Loo, and Ying-tă when he says that Pih-k'in did not go beyond the territory of Loo. Pih-k'in's speech was like that of K'e at Kan, or of T'ang at Ming-t'eaou, or of king Woo at Muh; i.e., it was made like those when the army approached the territory of the enemy.'

The Book is in both the texts.

CONTENTS. Pih-k'in appears at the head of his host proceeding against the tribes of the Hwae and the wild people of Ts'eu. Having commanded silence, he issues his orders, first, that the soldiers all have their arms in good order; next, that the people of the country take

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