王 同往 丕茲將迪○帝文 未曁 單四天有武 在汝 人、威荷 誕其游 位奭若 德昭咸後惟 劉曁兹 兹有冒 冒、 無濟大 大今 今王厥武四殷聞 我小川在惟敵王人, 責子子子冒惟誕尙哉上 to enlighten king Wăn, and lead him forward to his high distinction. and universal over-rule, till his fame reached the ears of God, and 15 he received the decree of Yin. There were still four of these men who led on king Woo to the possession of that decree with all its emoluments. Afterwards, along with him, in great reverence of the majesty of Heaven, they slew all his enemies; and then these four men made king Woo distinguished all over the empire, 16 till the people universally and greatly proclaimed his virtue. Now, with me Tan, who am but a little child, it is as if I were floating on a great stream; let me from this time cross it along with you, O Shih. Our young sovereign is powerless as if he had not yet 文王之時有虢叔等五臣, the empire; but Woo came into the possession 爲之輔佐亦惟天意在文 itself. 後曁武王一曁 is used here 王純一不二以佑助之故 as in the last Book, p. 5,-fil, a preposition, 生此等秉持明德之人 迪 ‘along with 劉 -see The Pwan-kǎng, 知天威-comp.迪哲 in the last Book, 昭武王惟冒=昭 乃惟時文王-乃武王遂覆冒天下. Keang Shing 惟以是昭文王.Këang Shing puts | puts a stop at 照 , as in the last par., and reads a stop at 昭, and makes 乃惟時昭to for 冒, with which character the passage p.16. be descriptive of the ministers, as becoming thoroughly enlightened and virtuous. This construction is not good. 迪見冒 Counsels of Yu,'p. 17. King Wăn had the decree,the appointment to the possession of Pt. i., p. 2. is quoted in the. The meaning would then be 'king Woo looked humbly down on all beneath, But the punctuation and reading are both bad. 16. The duke of Chow en treats Shih to co-operate with him in supporting their new dynasty. If he will not do so, the consequences will be disastrous. We must suppose that all the four ministers who had aided Woo were now dead, and the burden of the State was on the dukes of Chow and Shaou. 游=浮水 to float on the water.' 予往一與 as in the last par.)汝奭其濟-我 自今以往與汝奭同心輔 17 裕惟無監 日 造收 我艱疆于嗚 鳥德罔 不告惟兹呼能不 以君休我君格。聞、降,不 後乃亦受肆 ◎矧我及 人大命其公 則 ascended the throne. You must by no means lay the whole burden on me; and if we draw ourselves up without an effort to supply his deficiencies, no good will flow to the people from our age and experience. We shall not hear the voices of the singing birds, and much less can it be thought that we shall make his virtue equal to Heaven." The duke said, “ Oh! consider well, O prince, these things. We have received the favouring decree of Heaven, to which belongs an unlimited amount of what is desirable, but having great difficulties attached to it. What I announce to you are counsels of a generous largeness. I cannot allow the successor of our kings to go astray." 佐共濟艱難可也 小子 many words, but I do not understand them. 同未在位,by小子here we must Këang Shing points 誕無我責收 understand king Ching. The duke had, indeed,勗不及,‘Do not you by any means resigned the regency, and the govt. was in the emperor's hands. But Ching was still young, and unequal to his high duties. 誕無我 責收勗不及,一Ts'ae thinks there is something wanting before the former of these clauses, and says he does not understand the latter. Gun-kwǔ took 誕無我責, as charge me to retire. I will exert myself, and exertion is never made without success!' 耈造德=耆老成人之德 鳴鳥 by ‘the singing birds' are meant the male and female phoenix, fabled to appear at court in times of great prosperity. See on the 'Yih and Tseih,' p. 9. In the She King, Pt. III., -汝大無非責我之留, and Bk. II, Ode vii, st. 9, mention is made of the phoenixes flying about and screaming on the hills. The ode is ascribed to the duke of Shaou, and is supposed to celebrate king Ching and the happiness of his times. 其有能 you are blaming me for remaining in the govt.,' which agrees with his view that the duke of Shaou was dissatisfied, because the other had not retired upon resigning the regency. The terms will bear the meaning which I have given in the translation; and it appears to me more in harmony with the tenor of the-this is said with reference to the predicates As to the meaning of the second in p. 7 about what the ministers of Yin did for their sovereigns. 17. The duke urges Shih address. clause, the editors of Yung-ching's Shoo give a modified approval to the view of Leu Tsoo-heen, adduced by Yu E-shoo (余芑舒; of the Yuen dyn.), making the words addressed to the to lay to heart what he has said to him. 肆其監于兹-comp. the last Book, duke of Shaou: 召公若收斂退藏 p.19.肆 is taken 大 p. 19. 肆 is taken =大我受至 罔勗勉成王之所不逮 Itake 惟艱-comp. Bk. XII, p. 9. By 後 the characters much in the same way, but the after man,' we are to understand king consider that the duke of Chow is speaking of himself as well as of prince Shih. I can hardly Ching. The 前人 at the beginning of next tell how Gau-kwo interprets here. He uses par. renders this very probable. 18 19 20 兹天于奭公德亶極心迷。 誥威殷其日丕乘 丕乘日乃 喪汝君承慈汝 予大 克告無大明 汝前 允肆以朕之惟偶作 人 十八節 IV. The duke said, " The former king laid bare his heart, and gave full charge to you, constituting you one of the guides of the people, and saying, 'Do you with intelligence and energy prove a helper to the king; do you with sincerity support and carry on this great decree. Think of the virtue of king Wăn, and enter greatly into his boundless anxieties."" and thence The duke said, “ What I tell you, O prince, are my sincere thoughts. O Shih, the Grand-protector, if you can but reverently survey with me the decay and great disorders of Yin, consider the dread majesty of Heaven which warns us! “ Am I not to be believed that I must thus speak ? "The establishment of our dynasty rests with us two.' Isimply say, Do you agree Ch. IV. Pp. 18-23. 18. The duke of, appointment was placed and carried on. Shaou had received a special charge from king 惟文王德-the惟一念,‘to think Woo to be a guardian of the young lking and of the of 不承無疆之恤,comp.無 dynasty. 前人,‘the former man,' is to be understood of king Woo. On his deathbed he had given the charge, of which a portion is here adduced, to the dukes of Chow and Shaou. 敷乃心 the 乃 here would seem to=其, the adj. pronoun of the third person. The phrase, however,一所敷者乃其 心腹,作汝民極-this has reference to the appointment of Shih to be the Grand guardian, in which office he was to be a support -凡為大臣者皆日以為民 極 偶王−輔弼嗣王, to and pattern for the people. Lin Che-k'e says: help the heir king.' Two, joined in any way, are called . Shih was to prove as a help-meet to the king. In 乘大命 we have the metaphor of a carriage in which the sovereign 疆惟恤, Bk. XII., p. 9. 19. The duke of Chow earnestly begs Shih to enter into his anxieties, and learn from the fate of Yin to labour for the establishment of their dynasty. 其汝 克敬, this is hortatory, and the meaning ntion an optative form. 以子 may be ·與子·大ã (wei) =大亂, seems to be best brought out by giving the trans taken as == great disorders,' or 大阪, ‘great distresses." 我天 ,'our Heavenly terrors,' i.e., the terrors of Heaven which were to be dreaded by them, and guarded against through a diligent discharge of their duties. 20. So much was 21 海 出功 篤後敬時時 于 明 至于今日休我咸成 篤棐時二人我式克 敬德明我俊民在 後人于丕時O嗚呼 為二人弗戡其汝克 時二人天休滋至惟 人汝有合哉言日在 罔不休 不怠 率 卄一節 俾。冒、成克呼讓克惟在 with me? Then you also will say, 'It rests with us two.' And the favour of Heaven has come to us so largely :-it should be ours to feel as if we could not sustain it. If you can but reverently cultivate your virtue, and bring to light our men of eminence, then when you resign to some successor in a time of established security, "Oh! it is by the earnest assistance of us two that we have come to the prosperity of the present day. But we must go on, abjuring all idleness, to complete the work of king Wăn, till it has entirely overspread the empire, and from the corners of the sea and the sunrising there shall not be one who is disobedient to our rule." to be taken interrogatively. The 'Daily Ex- | had done much for Chow in the past; it remained planation’gives for it:一凡我言語豈 for them to complete their work. 篤棐時 是不足取信于人,而如此(一)二人一篤於輔君 (or 王 諄諄告汝乎 襄我二人室)者是我二人 我式( 一襄=成:The two men are evidently the 用),‘we thereby. The ‘we' is we of Chow, =our dynasty. 丕冒-使丕徧 duke of Chow himself, and the duke of Shaou. The clause=王業之成在我與汝 冒于斯民, causing it universally 而已, as in the translation. Gan-kwǒ took 伸 the two men to be Wăn and Woo, and this idea to overspread this people. 罔不 put him to the greatest straits throughout the =無不循我化可臣使也, all par. Even Maou K'e-ling does not venture to yield to our transforming influences, and become defend such as an interpretation. 在時 =>二人在我二人戡一 #or, 'to be equal to,' 'to sustain.' I do not know what to make of the in the last clause. The speaker does not complete his meaning. He simply says 'In the fact of yielding to successors in a time of great prosperity,' Critics supply what is wanting according to their different opinions as to the main object which the duke of Chow had in view in the address. 21. The two dukes subjects who may be employed. [M. de Guignes observes on this paragraph: -It is sufficiently singular that a philosopher like Chow-kung inspires here the spirit of conquest; it was then, therefore, the taste of the Chinese, who sought to extend themselves more and more to the east.' See 'Le Chou-king,' p. 237. The duke's words hardly called for such a remark. He is merely seeking the full establishment of their dynasty,-that Chow should enter into all the possessions of Yin.] 22 23 治。若初亦惟公訏誥不 The duke said, "O prince, am I not speaking in accordance with reason in these many declarations? I am only influenced by anxiety about the decree of Heaven, and about the people." “Oh! The duke said, "Oh! O prince, you know the ways of the people, how at the beginning they can be all we could desire, but it is the end which is to be thought of. Act in careful accordance with this fact. Go and reverently exercise your government." P.22. The duke affirms the reasonableness of this meaning. 予惟用于天 his remarks, and re-states the grounds of them. 予不惠若兹多誥 is to be taken interrogatively, like the commencing clause of 越(=及)民=惟用憂天命 難以永保及生民無所倚 p. 20. This is sufficient against the view of 賴 23. The uncertainty of the attachment Keang Shing, who reads it indicatively, and of the people should make ministers careful to retain takes 惠慧, so that the meaning is I in | their good will. 民德‘the ways of the my want of wisdom make these many declara- people;' now all-attachment to a govt., now tions.' 惠=順於理,accordant with disaffected and rebellious. reason. We have met with it before, having|當思其終 惟其終一 |