23

作四獻大來恭武乃受保 周方民惇相○王光命乃 恭新亂典宅獳弘烈民文 先辟為殷其子朕考越祖

I undertake the charge, and will protect the people whom your grandfather Wăn received by decree, and whom your glorious and meritorious father Woo also so received. I will enlarge the reverence which I cherish for you.

“ But, my son, come frequently and inspect this settlement. Pay great honour to old statutes, and to the good and wise men of Yin. Good government here will make you indeed the new chief of the empire, and an example of royal respectfulness to all your

HE WILL FULFIL ITS DUTIES; AND TELLS THE

CO-OPERATION WHICH HE EXPECTS FROM HIM.

武王皆欲令周公奉其道,

22. 王命予來-this has refer- 安其民周公分

ence evidently to the 命公後of par.18. 而不殺者見其所承之

Naturally and legitimately we understand 來也弘朕恭欲展其事 上之

of coming to a place; and that place can be no 敬意在下文下兩節一

other than Lo. The old interpreters holding that

the duke only agrees to remain in public life,

without any reference to his undertaking the

govt. of the new city, say that his returning might have been called a去or 'going away,' so

his continuing may be called a or 'coming' (see the gloss of Ying-ta in loc.). This is very

forced. 承保至武王一this re

sponds to the king's 誕保文武受民

in p. 20. Woo Ching correctly observes that

治洛之效望之成王即所

謂弘朕恭也一,以治洛之
事自效即所謂承保也
23. 孺子來相宅-I must translate

this in the imperative, according to the view
which has been taken of the last. The para-

phrase in the (Complete Digest' is:-王雖 歸周而此洛邑王當來省 視以治之 although your majesty is

6

we are to understand after returning, you ought to come and examine and see this city of Lo, to govern it.' Though the , being omitted in the text for the sake of duke gives up the hope which he had cherished, brevity(省文).越=及. Gan-kwù and that the king would take up his residence in the new city, he endeavours to make the best of his disappointment, and hopes that the advantages to be derived from Lo will in part at least be secured by frequent and regular visits to it from the king. 典=典章, ‘statutes,"

Keang Shing take it as -, with which I can-
and all the
in the infinitive mood under
But it is much better to

not make sense. They also take
other verbs as
the govt. of
suppose that in

person. To me the

the duke speaks in his own
in the last clause neces-

i.e., we may suppose, the rules and principles of govt. approved or established by Wăn and Woo.

殷獻(一賢民)(the good able

people (=men) of Yin,' are, we may again

suppose, men belonging to old official families of Yin, who had kept themselves from the degrading vices which had occasioned the downfall of the dynasty. Both and are governed by, and a conjunction is understood between its two objects. This is forcing a meaning out of the text, but the meaning thus

obtained is more likely than any other which

24

刑先其前子

ㄨ日

師人越子王萬其

單朕作成御且有邦
文昭周烈事以成咸時
祖子孚 篤多績休中

successors of Chow." "From this time," said the duke, "by the government administered in this central spot, all parts of the empire will be conducted to repose, and this will be the completion of your merit, O king.

“ I, Tan, with the numerous officers and managers of affairs, will consolidate the achievements of our predecessors, in response to the hopes of the people. I will afford an example of sincerity to future ministers of Chow, seeking to render complete the pattern intended for the enlightenment of you, my son, and thus to carry fully out the virtue of your grandfather Wan."

we conclude that the gentlemen intended the officers of the superior classes,-as the critics

has been put upon it. Comp. the view of Gan. for the meaning of 子. 多子 is the many kwd:=大其厚行典常于殷賢 gentlemen;' and from the 御事 which follows, 人, and that of Këang Shing:一其大厚 取典于殷之賢民 亂 (=治)為四方新辟,comp. the 作 民明辟 of par. 2. 作周恭先 –Ts'ae expands this by 人君恭以接 下以恭而倡後王 ( as the sovereign

shows respectfulness towards your ministers, and by such respectfulness leads the way for future kings.' Gan-kwo's view is the same:

爲周家見恭敬之王後世 THE Keang Shing brings out nearly

the characters:-作立周邦以恭敬

say, 卿大夫 答其師(=衆) must be as in the translation. 作周学 先一字一信‘faithfulness,' loyalty. The expression is correlate to the 作周恭君

-'in answer to the multitudes.' The meaning

|
of the last par.; and they throw light on each
other. As the king would show to future kings
an example of respectfulness in dealing with his

ministers, so the duke would show to future
ministers an example of loyal devotedness in

the same meaning by another construction of serving his sovereign. 考朕昭子刑 complete’Ts'ae takes 昭 -考=成,‘to 子 as = the 明辟 of par. 1, so that the

爲先務 The 日 is perplexing. The

simplest way is to suppose as the nomina- meaning of the clause is-'I will render com

tive to it. I understand 自時 as in the

plete the pattern afforded by you, my illustrious

son.’The editors of Yung-ching's Show observe

·Complete Digest’一今而後 With中| that everywhere else he takes 昭

or =

明,

‘to enlighten' and that there is no reason to

compare the 自服土中,and自時 中父 in the last Book, p. 14. 24. The | depart from that signification here; so that the duke here speaks fully and bravely of what he meaning of the whole is as in the translation. 單=盡 to complete,''to carry fully

himself will do. We have had instances before of his superiority to the mock humility with

which Chinese statesmen generally veil apprecia

tion of themselves and their services.

子越御事-see

out.' Everything necessary to consolidate the dynasty might be considered as carrying out— completing the virtue of king Wan, its proper

-sce on the Con. Ana., I., i., founder.

25

文宿○稽明鬯室毖德。 惠王則子首禋二子殷○ 篤武禋不休拜卣以乃 叙王于敢享手日秬命來

VI. Afterwards, the duke of Chow took occasion to say, " The king has sent messengers to admonish the people of Yin, and with a soothing charge to me, along with two flagons of the black millet herb-flavoured spirit, saying, ‘Here is a pure sacrificial gift, which with my hands to my face and my head to the ground I offer for you to enjoy its excel26 lence.' I dare not keep this, and offer it in sacrifice to king Wăn and 27 king Woo." In doing so, he prayed, "Let him be obedient to and 二卣秬 is a species of black millet, used in the distillation of spirits. 鬯 is a species of fragrant grass employed to flavour the spirits. The two characters are used here as a name of

Ch. VI. Pp. 25——28. THE CONDUCT OF THE
DUKE IN DECLINING SOME EXTRAORDINARY

GIFTS FROM THE KING, AND TAKING OCCASION
FROM THEM TO OFFER A PRAYER TO WAN AND
WOO, EXPRESSIVE OF HIS LOYALTY.

I cannot say that I am satisfied with the meaning of these parr. as it appears in the translation; but no interpretation of them has been proposed which can be fully acquiesced in by a cautious student. I have mainly followed the view of them given by Ts'ae, who himself followed Soo Shih. The action of them is referred to some time subsequent to that in which the pre

the spirit which was made from them. 肖is

the name of a cup or bowl of medium size, in which such spirit was usually kept. A larger vessel used for that purpose was called, and

a smaller, 疉; the size of the 卣 was between 日明至末-this is sup

the others.

posed to be the message of the king which

accompanied the offering. 明潔‘pure;’

vious parr. were spoken. The king is supposed 禋敬 'to revere,' 'reverent.' The 'Daily

to have returned to Haou, and thence he sends

messages and gifts, doing honour to the duke Explanation' gives for this clause:此秬

as if he had been a departed spirit, and were 鬯之酒所以明潔禋敬以 奉神而格帝者也我敢拜

continuing in heaven the guardianship of the

dynasty which he had so efficiently discharged

during his life. This was improper, and may 手稽首以此美物而致享

be deemed improbable; but if we remember how

the boy had given ear to the rumours that the

duke had designs upon the throne, and consider that even now he was not really following his advice, and fixing his residence at Lo, we may believe that the young emperor had more awe of the powerful minister than love for him, and that he wished to propitiate him by such an extraordinary offering.

來毖殷乃命寕子王 遣使話誡殷民因念周公 之功而來慰寕之錫以殊

JL, 'The king sent messengers with admonitory lessons for the people of Yin, and being impress ed with the merits of the duke, at the same

time to soothe his mind, by the gift of an extraordinary mark of his regard.'

VOL. III.

秬鬯

于公焉

Ts'ae says that
as the phrase

26. 予不敢宿

here has the same meaning

in Bk. XXII., p. 26, where

the character is explained by 進爵, 'to ad

vance the cup;' making the meaning to be-'I do not dare to drink this spirit.' But it will be seen on that passage, that if we must so define

宿 there, we cannot admit the signification in ficulty in understanding here as I have done.

this text. And why should there be any difThere is an instance of the same usage, quite in point, in the Ana., X., viii., 8. The duke was so far from using for himself the king's gift, that he could not even allow it to remain by him, but presented it at once in a sacrifice to Wan and Woo. 27. This par. is to be taken as a prayer for the king, offered when the duke sacrificed to Wan and Woo with the spirit which

57

朕其殷○乃乃年自無 子永萬乃王引德厭疾有 懷觀年承者殷于萬遘

observant of your course. Let him meet with no evil or sickness.

Let him satisfy his descendants for myriads of years with

your virtue. Let the people of Yin enjoy protracted prosperity." He also said to 28 the messengers, “The king has sent you to Yin, which has received his charges well ordered for myriads of years; but let the people ever have to observe the virtue cherished by my son."

had been sent to himself.

you my son, is to complete the virtue of your

grandfather Wăn." This he says with reference to the ceremonies which he would establish. "The reason why you must dwell here in the

middle of the land, is that Wăn and Woo have

sent you to come and carefully teach the people of Yin, recognising their charge, and giving

惠篤敘惠順,‘to accord with,' 'accordantly ;' for 敘 comp. the 篤敘乃正 of p. 13. The clause 願使王順承先 業篤之而不遺敘之而不 them repose"(我所成明子法乃 素憲章是守,無有愆忘而肃文祖之德謂典禮也所 後可焉(see the 日講) 無(母)以居土中是文武使已來 有遘自疾 let him not bring on (遘 慎教殷民乃見命而安

一遇, ‘to meet with; but with more of an He then begins a new par. with f, and on

active signification) himself any sickness.'

萬年厭于乃德-厭 is in the 3d tone,以至休享 says: The duke of Chow

had been regent for seven years; and having

produced a happy tranquillity throughout the empire, he took two bowls of black millet wine,

‘to be full,'‘satiated. We must suppose that the king is prayed for in his descendants for ten thousand years;—as Ts'ae has it, and with purity and the utmost reverence had

萬年厭飽乃德 殷乃引考,

-Tsue takes 引考=長壽(protracted

presented it to Wan and Woo that they might

it, and announced to them the happy state joy

d the government, but king Ching had induced

of the empire. Having done this, he had resign

longevity; and the Daily Explanation' gives | him to remain as his chief minister. He there

for the

3,-願使殷餘之亡 fore recounts those things here (周公攝 民長享有幹有年之樂,‘make 政七年致太平以黑黍酒 the poor remnant of Yin long enjoy the happiness 器明潔致敬告文武以

of prosperity and plenty.'

28. We are to

suppose that the duke now addresses the mes

the counsel here contained to Haou, to the effect | 之本(故)說之) On from予不
sengers who had come from the king, and seeds美享既告而致政成王留

that though he would do his duty to carry out the
admonitions which had been sent to the people he says:-"The duke says, “Seeing
of Yin, yet the government of them could only this happy tranquillity of the empire, I made a
be effected by the personal virtue of the king.
pure announcement to Wăn and Woo not delay-
I am well aware, in thus interpreting these
four paragraphs, that serious objections may ing over it",

(言我見天下太平 be taken to the way in which the whole is 則潔告文武不經宿) Par.27

supplemented, and many of the clauses explain-
ed. All that can be said is that the interpretation
seems to me more likely than any other that has
been proposed. It will suffice if I subjoin here
that proposed by Gan-kwo. He first reads

來殷乃命寕(putting a stop
寜) along with考昭子刑乃
單文祖德 interpreting-“ The method
by which I will complete the enlightenment of

is then taken as addressed to the king, and expounded:-"Do you, in administering the govt., observe the regular constitutions, and carry them fully into execution, with an orderly discrimination. Allow none to follow courses

which would be productive of calamity and

distress. So will the empire for myriads of years be satiated with your virtue, and the dyn

asty of Yin will for ever become that of Chow) 汝為政當順典常厚行之

39

29

册册王騂一王祭新辰德。 惟逸命牛武騂歲邑王○ 告作 王牛文烝在

VII. On the day Mow-shin, the king in the new city performed the annual winter sacrifice, offering a red bull to king Wăn, and the

same to king Woo. He then commanded a declaration to be prepared, which was done by Yih in the form of a prayer, and it simply announced the remaining behind of the duke of Chow. The king's 使有次序無有遇用患疾| herb called 鬯. Acc. to the thought of king 之道者則天下萬年厭於 Ching, this required in him who used it a heart 汝德殷乃長成為周). On the therefore for the ceremonies performed to Hea