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君敢手民殷夏我○用德 稽受歴歴受上于元 越 首天年年天下天小 友之日 欲式命勤下民 民讐子命王勿不恤越乃 保用 0 以替若其王惟 受百臣拜小有有曰顯刑

22 "It is for him who is in the position of king to overtop all with his virtue. In this case the people will imitate him throughout

23

24

6

the whole empire, and the king will become more illustrious. "Let the king and his ministers labour with a common anxiety, saying, We have received the decree of Heaven, and it shall be great as the long-continued years of Hea,-it shall not fail of the long-continued years of Yin.' I wish the king through the inferior people to receive the long-abiding decree of Heaven.'

III. The duke of Shaou then did obeisance with his head to his hands. and bowed to the ground, and said, "I, a small minister, presume with the king's heretofore hostile people, with all his officers, and his loyal friendly people, to maintain and receive his majesty's dread plish the purpose. 22. 其惟王位| of it here than as a conjunction =‘and' The 在德元‘He being king, his position is (Daily Explanation,' after defining it by 用

at the head of all virtue.' It is simpler to take is obliged in the paraphrase to substitute ='we are determined that

元as=首,than to give it the substantial

meaning which it has in the first diagram of the Yih King, as that quality in Heaven which

corresponds to 仁, ‘benevolence,’‘goodness

complete' in man. 小民乃惟刑 (法)用于天下,'the inferior peo

ple on their part will be found imitating him and employing virtue throughout the empire.'

越王顯‘and the king will be

illustrious,' i.e., the virtue of the king will thereby be more widely and brilliantly displayed. 23. 上下勤恤,一by 上下

we

are to understand, the sovereign and his ministers.’恤, ,一as in p. 9, 一憂, (to be anxious. Then the 其 in 其日 is strongly hortative. 式勿替云云,bot Gan-kwǒ and Ts'ae define 式by用, but it is difficult to find a place for any other meaning

h

for it.

勿替

it shall not fail of. At the duke of Shaou speaks again in his own person. The people,’ ruled over as he desired, would wish the rule to

be perpetual, and the wish of the people would be the wish of Heaven.

Ch. III. Pt. 24. We must understand

before 拜手稽首. The Guardian

here winds up his address. He will do his duty with the people under his charge. It remains for the king to secure the permanence of the dynasty. In the meantime he presents the offerings of the princes, to aid at the sacrifices to be offered, on the inauguration of the new 王之讐民-these are the

capital.

people of Yin that had been removed to Lo, and

could still not be spoken of as other than disaf fected and hostile. 百君子-compare

the same phrase in Bk. X., p. 7. It is used here

永能用恭敢顯命末明王 命所供奉勤我王有德威 天王幣惟非亦成王命

command and brilliant virtue. That the king should finally obtain the decree all complete, and that he should become illustrious,-this I dare not to labour about. I only respectfully bring these offerings to present to his Majesty, to assist in his prayers to Heaven for its long-abiding decree.""

as complimentary to the ministers and officers of Yin, in whom loyal feelings might arise when they were thus spoken of. The ‘friendly people' are the adherents of the House of Chow.

威命 must be the king's charge for

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-the king would be coming to Lǒ, and by so

the building of Lň. 明德 has more sound | lemn sacrifices inaugurate the new city, and

than sense. 王末至亦顯

then the offerings would be useful. This is a

delicate way of conveying to him those expres

describes the king's consolidation of the dynasty, sions of the princes' fealty.

Wang Pih's ‘Doubts' about this Book and | 一事觀也召誥前雖載相洛 the next are the following:一洛誥之篇之事後正是以成王新政致 三山林氏說之所終,東萊先戒之詞而已,王乃初服若 生說之所始文公叉於召誥 生子罔不在厥初生則以疾 洛誥亦各有說學者可以釋 敬德為王新政第一義此則 疑矣然猶未也洛誥自周公 頗自明白若洛誥恐當作兩 日之下朱子以為自此漸不 節看相洛卜洛營洛遷頑民 可蓋不知是何時所言又是一節,明禋烝禮,周公欲成 取葉氏之言,以此篇與召誥 王治洛復政於王成王止欲 參看又取王氏曰此誥有不

知者當缺文朱子尙謂有 疑而後學敢謂無疑 也愚竊謂諸誥之中,辭語 可者多矣而一

周郎辟命周公治洛,此是 節,如册周公之首詞反殿 於篇末而册中之詞反殽雜 於前此皆未易就條理也第 ·是復辟之事,程子以來諸 體統大槩亦可見惟召誥 洛 儒只欲作荅王解以為未 誥破碎龐雜體統不明此最 嘗失位安得有復此義誠 未易梳理者也蓋其中有周 精矣然成王固未嘗失位 公召公相洛卜洛之詞焉有也蓋成王前此未嘗親政 殷民攻位不作之詞焉有也成王幼周公代王為政 營洛之詞焉有成王來洛之 成全長周 政於王正 詞焉有文武記功宗之 尹復政 辟之復蘇

焉有周公復辟之詞焉有成

何害義然 氏所謂歸政

王卽辟之詞焉有成王册命 亦 何所嫌而避

名乎此

周公之詞焉,此所以不可以 愚之 之所以不能無疑也

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THE BOOKS OF CHOW.

BOOK XIII. THE ANNOUNCEMENT CONCERNING LO.

○ 明 復日

日稽 拜周 王辟子朕首 手公

[In the third month when the moon began to wane, the duke of Chow commenced the foundations and proceeded to build the new city at Lo of the eastern States. The people from every quarter assembled in great harmony. From the How, Teen, Nan, Ts'ae, and Wei domains the various officers stimulated this harmony of the people, and introduced them to the business there was for Chow. The duke of Chow encouraged them all to diligence, and made a great announcement about the execution of the works.] 1 I. The duke of Chow bowed his head to his hands and then to the ground, saying, "Herewith I report the execution of my commission

THE NAME OF THE BOOK.-, 'The Announcement about Lo.' The prefatory note (see page 10) says :—· The duke of Shaou having surveyed the localities, the duke of Chow went to build this capital, called Ching Chow, and sent a messenger to announce the divinations. With reference to this, the ANNOUNCEMENT ABOUT LŎ was made.' As will be seen from the next note, however, the action of the Book goes many months beyond the report about the survey and divinations; but it all has reference, more or less, to the city of Lo. It may well be said to be about Lo. The use of the term 'Announcement' has its difficulties, and must be taken more vaguely than in the account of the Announcements of the Shoo which I have given on page 177. The Book is found in both texts.

CONTENTS. Ts'ae says:-The arrangements for the building of Lo having been made, the duke of Chow sent a messenger to inform the king of the result of his divinations. The historian recorded this as the announcement about Lo, and at the same time recorded a dialogue between the king and his minister, and how the king charged the duke to remain at Lo and conduct the government of it.' He goes on to

say more particularly-Parr. 1-3 contain the duke's message about his divinations; and par. 4 gives the king's reply. Parr. 5-13 are occupied with instructions from the duke to the king on the measures which he should pursue on taking up his residence at Lo. In parr. 14

21, the king charges the duke to remain at Lo, and undertake its government. In parr. 22-24, the duke responds, accepting the charge, and dwells on the duties which the king and himself would have to discharge. Parr. 25-28 relate the action of the duke on a certain message and gift from the king, intended for his special honour. In parr. 29-31, the historian relates to sacrifices offered in Lo by the king, and the proclamation which he issued, and adds how long the duke continued in his government; -showing how the duke began the city and completed it, and how king Ching, after offering the sacrifices and inaugurating the government, returned to Haou, and did not after all make his capital at Lo.'

The Seven divisions thus indicated, present themselves to any careful student of the Book. Maou Ke-ling, differing widely from Ts'ae in his view of the general tenour, and of particular

passages and terms, gives the same, only including parr. 22-28 in one. Many critics make more to do than is necessary about the want of historical order in the Book, and suppose that portions have been lost, and other portions transposed. I have already given my opinion that the first paragraph in The Announcement to the Prince of Kang' should be the first par. here. As to other portions being lost, the Book may be explained without resorting to so violent a supposition. It is not by any means so plain as it might be, but I am inclined to think that it is as plain as it ever was.

The first paragraph from the Announcement to the Prince of Kang. For the reasons why this par. should be edited here and not as a portion of Bk. IX., see page 383.

tion' takes this as 'The duke of Chow himself and all with him laboured diligently.' Gan-kwo explains it as in the translation. I understand as meaning that the duke

now announced in a general way the works
which were to be executed, preparatory to the
specifications which were issued five days after

Ch. I. Pp. 1-3. THE DUKE'S MESSAGE TO
THE KING, INFORMING HIM WHAT HE HAD DONE,
AND LAYING BEFORE HIM MAPS, PLANS, AND THE
RESULT OF HIS DIVINATIONS.
1. There is

a controversy which it is not easy to settle on
the meaning of in this par., and the view to
be taken of the whole Book depends very much

三月 upon it. Gan-kwù took 復 as=還政‘to

,-see on Bk. III., pp. 1 and 4.

哉生魄一

This would be the 16th day of the month. In

the last Book, pp. 4-6, we saw that on the 12th

day of the 3d month, the duke of Chow arrived

restore the government.' He explains the whole

par. thıns:一周公盡禮致敬言我

Z‡ƒ¤

at Lo; on the 14th and 15th, he sacrificed to = + # #

年二十成人故必歸政而

Heaven and Earth, and to the spirit of the land,, The duke of Chow, in the most cere

while on the 21st he was ready with specifications of all the works which were to be executed. It would appear from this par. that on the 16th he made a commencement with the foundations

of some of the works. 作新大邑

monious way and with the utmost reverence, said, "I return the government of the intelligent sovereign to you, my son." By his son he meant king Ching, who was now 20, and full grown. It was requisite that the duke should return the govt. to him, and withdraw into

grown.

retirement in his old age.' This interpretation,

till the Sung dynasty, when the critic Wang (? Wang Gan-shih) was the first to suggest

-the 'Daily Explanation gives for this-- ¿ œ which is still held by many, was not doubted this--作新大邑于成周 之東洛邑之地而有王城 The made the new great city on the east of Ching Chow, in the territory of the city of Lo, and there was the building both of the imperial city and of the lower capital.' This may be understood by referring to the note

on p. 2 of the last Book; but the text does not

that should be taken as meaning 'to report,' to announce the fulfilment of a commission,' referring to the phrase, which is common in Mencius, and to the use of alone by

so clearly indicate that the building of the two him, Bk. I., Pt. I., vii., 10,- E

cities is spoken of. The

下都

went also. The duke, he contended, had never been anything but regent; he could not speak of

by the name of T, 'the lower capital.' 侯甸男邦采衞 -see the figure

of the domains of Chow on p. 149. The five of

them which constituted, with the imperial do

main, the Middle Kingdom' are here enumerated in their proper order, though why the should be introduced between and

cannot explain.

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百工播民和一 I-, all the officers,' including, probably, from the princes downwards; 和=宣揚民心之和‘spread abroad the harmony of the people. I

"

himself as restoring the govt. This view was

| adopted by Ts'ae, and became current through his commentary.

- is taken as -, 'business,' the work to be done. Ch'in Leih explains by

朝見而趨事,‘presented themselves

as if at court, and hastened to the works. We do not know well what to make of the phrase. the Daily Explana

Maou K'e-ling refers to the 1st words of Pt.

IV., Bk. VI,伊尹旣復政厥辟

as decisive in favour of the older view; but the

use of the there after makes the passages by no means parallel, nor was the position of the duke of Chow to king Ching the same as

that of E Yin to Tae-ke. It must be allowed at the same time that Mencius' E

is different from the simple of the text.
On the whole, I must incline to the view
adopted by Ts'ae. In the answer of the king to

the duke's message there is not a word about
his accepting the restoration or resignation of
the govt.
It was understood between them,

and throughout the empire, that the time was
come for the king to undertake the duties of
the administration himself, and we shall see
hereafter in this Book that the duke expresses
his purpose to go into retirement, now that the
building of Lo was in a state of forwardness;

瀍乃河于惟民東乃基如 水下朔洛乙明土命弗 西澗黎師卯辟其保定敢 惟水水我朝○基大命及 洛東我下至予作相予 天

2 to my son, my intelligent prince. The king appeared as if he would not presume to determine the founding and the fixing of our appointment by Heaven, whereupon I followed the Grand-Guardian, and made a great survey of this eastern region, with a view to found the place where he might become the intelligent sovereign of the people. 3 On the day Yih-maou, in the morning, I came to the city of Lö. I first divined concerning the country about the Le water on the north of the Ho. I then divined concerning the east of the Keen water and the west of the Ch'en water, when the ground near the Lo was

but the most natural interpretation of the text is as in the translation.

The duke's bowing and putting his head to the ground was intended for the king, but performed in the presence of the messenger, who was to carry the report to court. The duke

was now in Lo, and the king was probably at

Haou. The duke calls the king his son,' ex

pressing his affection for him and the calls

his intelligent prince,' giving him honour. P.2.

The view taken of the former par. affects the meaning which is given to this.

Gan-kwǔ took 如一往,‘formerly;’天基 命定命-天始命周家安定 天下之命,‘Heaven's favouring decree

when first it charged our House of Chow to

ment to the empire,' and by the secur-
ing permanently that appointment-results
which were both to be realized be making Lo
the capital of the empire. Then by is in-
tended the duke of Shaou, the 'Grand-guardian'

(太保);and其基作民明辟一
其庶幾為王始作民明辟
之地, as in the translation, the 其 having,
the其
as often, the signification of 期 ‘to expect,' 'to
consistency in itself, which we do not find in
and it thus, and doing so I cannot but take
the previous 復 as Ts'ae does.

aim at.' In this way the par. has a unity and

the other interpretations. I cannot but under

P. 3. 予惟至洛師,一see the last

Book, p. 4. Lo is called as being intended to be the capital, where the emperor should

tranquillize and settle the empire ; and 子乃 保=我乃繼文武安天下 之道, I therefore continued the ways of reside. See in the dict.一天子所居 Wan and Woo to tranquillize the empire. It is needlessly embarrassing Këang Shing, again, taking in the same the interpretation to make, with Gan-kwo and

way, keeps the natural interpretation of ae 一若, but by基命he understands king

Wăn, the first commissioned,' and by, king Woo 'settler or completer of the commission.' In his view of he agrees with

Gan-kwǔ, and says that the 基 in 其基一 謀, ‘to plan. The advocates of the other interpretation of 復 understand by 基命

'the laying the foundations of the appoint

Kang-shing, 洛師=洛之衆

卜河朔黎水-I have been strongly

inclined to translate this in the past complete tense, I had previously divined,'&c. The Le water was a name given to the united stream

of the Wei (衞河) and the K'e (淇河),

on its reaching a place which was afterwards

called Le-yang (黎陽), in the north-east of the pres. dis. of Seun (潛).dep. of Wei-hwuy.

This was not far from the old capital of Show,

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