to raise every one of them up to that mark, the sum required was 8,7131. 6s. 8d. By a Statute of the year 1800 (50 G. III. c. 84), 10,000l. was accordingly provided for that useful and altogether unexceptionable purpose.

Useful and unexceptionable?-bow so?-if the annual 100,000l. granted for the English Clergy, was useless and indefensible?-Answer, in few words:-1. Under Excellent Church,-Service, over and over again proved unprofitable, or little better:-under Scottish Church, eminently and incontestably profitable: exigible duties well performed; inexigible performed, and universally performed. 2. Under Excellent Church, the benefit looked to from the augmentation, if not altogether ideal, at any rate future contingent as well as remote: under Scottish Church, immediate. 3. For Excellent Church, the amount of the burthen imposed on the United Kingdom, ten times as great as that imposed for the Scottish Church: while the population of England is not more than between five and six times that of Scotland.

In regard to Scotland, one regret still remains: it isthat to the 8,7001, 17,000l. more was not added. Though, in comparison with what it is in England the temptation is as nothing,-still, while the profit of some benefices being as high as 3007., that of others has been no higher than 40%.,-hope of translation, and thence the pursuit called preferment-hunting, scarcely even in Scotland can have been altogether without example: scarcely even can it reasonably be expected to be completely so, where the difference is as great as it still remains, viz. the difference between 150l. a year (the present minimum) and the 300%. In the Scottish Church, give but money enough--and a very moderate sum will suffice-the appetite for translation may be every where and completely extinguished-not only actually extinguished, but manifestly seen to be so.

But, under Excellent Church, while Bishoprics and Archbishoprics remain, what is the number of hundreds of thousands—not to speak of millions-that would be necessary?-Calculate, any one, who has curiosity and leisure.

Note, mislaid for the moment, intended to have been tacked to the end of the paragraph in p. 439, concluding with the words " contingent successors." Subject of it, the time, at which the benefit to the future contingent souls may be expected to receive its completion.

According to the short account, given, in Cobbett's Debates, xiv. 850 -832, of a speech of the Earl of Harrowby's in the Lords, June 1, 1809, on the occasion of the King's Message-1703 being the year in which the First Fruits and Tenths were allotted to this purpose, 203 years, reckoning from that year, was the length of time, that would have elapsed, ere all the livings then under 501, would, out of that fund, be raised up to 50l.: 510 more, (together 723), ere all the livings then under 100l. would be raised up to 100l. But, with this 100,000l. in his hand, viz. with this sum once paid, or with the 100,000l. a year, (it does not exactly appear which) "much gratified" was the Noble Lord, by the thoughts that the original 203 years would be reduced to 39 or 40: at the end of which time no living would remain of less value than 50l. a year. Well, but this 50%. a year —a sum which, by 301. a year, fails of being sufficient for the lowest paid Curacy when this is gained, what is it that is gained?—and how stands the matter in regard to the time necessary to raise the 501., as above, to 100l. a year? "Gratification being the object, the period would have been rather too distant, had the fixation of it been committed to calculation. It was, therefore, left to imagination:—a more pleasant accountant than Cocker. By 501. even then, will the provision be short of the sum, spoken of in the character of a minimum, in the Royal Message, by which the measure was introduced:-by 501.? yea, and by 100l. a year, short of the sum, which, when the living is ever so little more than 4001., may, out of it, be allowed to a Curate. See above, pp. 409, 410.

The grant was to be once for all: it was to be annual and continual: the one or the other, according as Honourable Gentlemen and Noble Lords should please. Continuity, i. e. perpetuity, gave universal pleasure. True it is, that, in the Lords, symptoms of opposition had for the moment broke out. In argument accordingly (the determination being all the while otherwise) 100,000l. once paid was to be the whole: to that sum did the prudential arithmetic of the Earl of Harrowby then confine itself:

§ 4.-V. Regulating the occupations of Agriculture, in the case of a Parish or other Priest.

Note first the inconsistency as well as inutility of the apparent endeavour:-note afterwards the real and sinister object at the bottom of it.

Unless by license from a Bishop, a Clergyman not to act as a husbandman-nay nor so much as to take a few square yards to add to his garden, how scanty so ever may be the allotment attached to his parsonage!

What in

A Parish Priest forbidden to act as a farmer? consistency! what hypocrisy!—When was hypocrisy ever so blind? That which it not merely allows, but on pain of starvation forces him to do, it at the same time forbids his doing, punishing him in case of his doing it: punishing him, unless it shall have happened to him to have obtained a license, the obtainment of which is at the same

the 39 or the 40 years accordingly was the time, during which "the most serviceable men in the whole country" would have to wait for this minute part of what was their due. Yet, six days after, 7th June, 1809, Annual Register for 1809, pp. 171, 172,-by the Chancellor of the Exchequer no secret is made of its being destined for perpetuity: accordingly, the 39 or 10 years are now shrunk to 4 years. Resolution, unanimous. Chancellor of Exchequer's "satisfaction, great." "Suggestions for improvement, "and the formation of a system (he said) would be considered afterwards." So far Mr. Chancellor of the Exchequer :-these suggestions, this system, and the proof that the men in question "were of all others the most "serviceable to the country" will all come out the same day. Whatsoever the men themselves may be, to the grand object from which every thing proceeds, and to which every thing tends to the corruptive influence of the Crown, this job for the raising of their income will in no small degree be "serviceable." In no small proportion are the livings thus enriched, in the gift of the King, that is, of the Chancellor. No doubts appear, on this occasion, to have issued from the official manufactory of doubts.

time made to depend-not on his own will, but on the free and unconjecturable will of another person, in whose breast personal interest may, in any imaginable shape, set up an inexorable bar to it.

To take the word farmer,-since upon this word, with its conjugates to farm and farming, every thing must turn. Of that which a farmer, as such, does, what is there that from first to last a Parish Priest is not by law, not only allowed, but on pain of perishing for want, compelled to do? A farmer, in one sense of the word, is, indeed, he who, by a species of contract, takes to farm,. i. e. to cultivate, a quantity of land belonging to another person, paying him rent for it. In another sense, however, a man is said to farm his own land: and, so far as it is his own land alone, that he farms, no such contract has place. But-the quantity and quality of the land occupied, and the manner in which it is occupied, being the same in both cases, what difference can it make to piety-what to official duty, whether a man does or does not pay rent for it?

In the contract, therefore, it can not be, that the objec tion lies, to the complex course of operation, whatever it be, for the designation of which the word farming is employed?-No: it is in the occupation: in the occupation in which, in consequence of such contract, the sort of man in question will be engaged.

And that occupation-what is it?-what but the very occupation, which, from first to last, the sort of man has been forced to pursue-by the law itself forced to pursue→ on pain of perishing?

Glebe and tithes-in one or other of these shapes was Parish Priests' pay originally received all over the kingdom. In one or other of these shapes, or in both together, received it was at the first in every country parish, without exception: and in the greater part of the whole

number of parishes, in these same shapes, or in one of them, does it continue to be received or receivable, down to this day.

In so far as it is in the shape of glebe that the pay is received by him, the occupation of this functionary, unless he lets the land to farm to others, must be that of an agriculturist in so far as it is in the shape of tithes, and, (as in most cases they are,) these tithes are the tenth part of the produce of land,-in this case likewise his occupation can not but be that of an agriculturist: the very occupation, for the exercise of which, land is taken to farm.

Increase of piety-increase of the quantity of time and labour proper to be employed in official duty-in these -one or other, or both of them-may all the pretences alledged, or rather insinuated—the pretences for the sort of restraint in question-be found.

Buying, producing, selling—to these three may the operations of the farmer-profane or sacred, impious or pious -be reduced.

1. As to buying-it is not in buying that the rub can lie : -buying is an operation (which the most Reverend person in existence, the Archbishop of Canterbury-which the "most religious" person in existence, the King of England-can not be exempted from the performance of.

2. As to producing,—unless he can find somebody to take the land of him to farm, (which is what he is never by law required to do, nor has ever in his single power to do,) from this glebe of his, in so far as it is out of that that the pay is to come,-by this glebe of his, unless it be by extracting produce from it, how is any thing that can serve for pay to him to be obtained?

3. Remains the operation of selling. But, the produce of his glebe, so far as he is paid in glebe,-and his tithes,