The Mayor, in a short but interesting speech, said he had had the first word, and he thought he would have the last if he could. He should ever have cause for thankfulness that the Archæological Congress had visited Peterborough, for they had brought to light things and facts that he had had no idea of in this neighbourhood. He was deeply indebted to them, if only from that point of view. The guests dispersed about 10.30, after further refreshment and mutual congratulation. THURSDAY, JULY 21ST, 1898. Thursday, the 21st, the last day of the Congress, was interesting by reason of the visit to Fotheringhay. Before reaching this place, Apethorpe Hall, the seat of Lord Westmorland, was visited, after a drive through the lovely park. The oldest part is Tudor, having been built in the reign of Edward VI, and is a very fine example of late Gothic domestic architecture. The present front of the house dates from 1603. In the hall some fine specimens of Cromwellian armour are to be seen, the first Earl of Westmorland having raised a regiment for the Parliament. There are some fine oriel windows and a good old oak door in the original hall of the house. Two small cannon, of the date of 1567, are to be seen in the courtyard. Fotheringhay Church, which was described by Mr. H. M. Townsend, is one of the most magnificent specimens of late Perpendicular Gothic work now remaining in England, and consists of nave, aisles, and engaged tower. There is now no chancel; there was originally a collegiate. chapel detached from the church, and used as a chancel, but it had fallen into ruins in Queen Elizabeth's days. The nave is supported outside by flying buttresses connected with the aisle walls, and the whole is battlemented. The chief interest of Fotheringhay Church arises from its connection with the Dukes of York, monuments to Edward and Richard being on the north and south sides of the altar respectively. There is a beautiful carved and panelled pulpit, the gift of Edward IV. Only four others exist in England of the same date. The emblems of the house of York, the rose and the falcon and fetter-lock, are everywhere, while the pulpit contains carvings of the wild boar, which is another emblem of the house of York, and the wild bull, of the Nevilles. The chief porch, with a vestry opening out of it and fine parvise chamber above, is on the north aisle. The details of the arcades are good, the mouldings larger and bolder than, but not so refined as, those of St. John's Church in 1899 13 Peterborough. The windows are original and good, and bold in design, those in the north and south aisles of four lights, the two centre lights being higher than the outer ones. The unity of design about the whole church is remarkable, and would be perfect did the chancel, the original collegiate chapel, still exist. The church is in a terrible state of dilapidation; the timbers of the roofs are rotten, and would have fallen in some time ago had they not been supported with baulks of timber on the inside, and Mr. Townsend, following up the bishop's eloquent appeal in his opening address, pleaded with the members of the British Archæological Association to help to preserve the building for future times. Of the castle, memorable as the place of execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, nothing remains except a great mound where the keep once stood, and one great bastion by the river's side. During some excavations a few years ago, the signet ring of the unfortunate queen was found, being the one which is said to have been given her by Darnley, and is now in the British Museum. Cotterstock, the residence of Lord Melville, is a handsome specimen of an Elizabethan manor-house, the ground-plan being in the shape of the letter E, which is characteristic of buildings of that reign. The visitors were shown the room known as Dryden's, a panelled oak chamber in the upper floor. Here the poet is said to have written the greater part of his translation of Virgil. Cotterstock Church was described by the vicar. A curious stone coffin to hold two people was shown in the churchyard. Warmington Church, one of the finest in Northamptonshire, is a very beautiful specimen of the Early English style, the western tower and spire being specially remarkable. The west door is richly ornamented with dogtooth and open flowers. The church contains the original nave roof with wooden groining. This is absolutely unique. It is supposed to have been adopted on account of apparent weakness in the walls, which could not support the usual stone groining, if groining there was to be. The church is fully described in Brandon's Parish Churches. On the way back to Peterborough, Orton Longueville, the seat of the Marquis of Huntly, was visited, and the church was described by the vicar; after which the members and friends were entertained at a garden party in Orton Park, given by the Marchioness of Huntly. Some fine flint implements and specimens of Roman pottery from Castor, the Roman Durobrivæ, are to be seen at Orton Hall. Thus was brought to a conclusion one of the most successful Congresses ever enjoyed by the members of the British Archæological Association. Proceedings of the Association. MARCH 15TH, 1899. C. H. COMPTON, ESQ., V.-P., IN THE CHAIR. Thanks were ordered by the Council to be returned to the respective donors of the following presents - -- To the Somerset Archæological and Natural History Society for "Proceedings," 1898. Bristol Museum and Reference Library for "Report," Oct. 1896 to Sept. 1898. Society of Antiquaries, Stockholm, for "Antiquitets Akade- Smithsonian Institution for " Annual Report of the Board of Société Archéologique, Historique, et Philologique de la France Mr. G. Patrick (Hon. Sec.) communicated a letter from the Town Clerk of Southampton, in reply to the letter which the Hon. Sec. had written by order of the Council, in reference to the threatened destruction of the Bargate, saying that no idea of the kind had ever been entertained by the authorities of that town. He also read a letter from Mr. Lynam, F.S.A., in reference to the proposed Congress at Buxton, and announced that all arrangements had now been made for the holding of the Congress there, and expressing the hope that it would prove a great success. At the evening meeting, Dr. Brushfield brought for exhibition a very curious pipe, from the collection of the late Rev. S. M. Mayhew, the peculiarity consisting in its having a portrait bowl with the face turned inwards towards the smoker, the stem being very much ornamented. Dr. Brushfield had compared it with those in the British Museum, but the Museum possesses nothing like it. The portrait has a resemblance to those of Sir Walter Raleigh, and may have been intended for a likeness. The pipe is of the time of Elizabeth or James I., and was found in London in 1872. Mr. W. A. Donnelly read a most interesting paper upon his recent discoveries of prehistoric remains in the Clyde valley. The vitrified fort, with cup and ring, rock and boulder sculpturings, an ancient hillfort, or broch, and the crannog at Dumbuck, altogether form a group of archaeological discoveries in the Dumbartonshire district of the Clyde valley perhaps unequalled in recent times. When the discovery of the vitrified fort was first made known, experts considered the evidences insufficient to establish positively the formation and extent of the structure; but subsequent careful examination by Mr. Donnelly in company with Mr. John Bruce, F.S.A., established the fact that the structure had an inner and outer formation: that on the apex of the hill being 48 ft. in circumference, while the outer vitrified rampart measures 232 ft. in circumference. The Helensburgh Naturalists and Antiquarian Society, at the request of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, conducted excavations which have fully revealed the interesting nature of the discovery. This examination, however, only extended so far as to verify the structure; but the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland hope, with the permission and sympathetic co-operation of Mr. Buchanan, the owner of the property, thoroughly to excavate and examine the refuse bed. With regard to the cup and ring discoveries, which had excited some adverse criticism, Mr. Donnelly claimed that he had been able to refute in the most complete and convincing manner the suggestions that they were of modern fabrication. Of the discovery of the fort on the summit of the hill of Dumbuie, about a mile from Dumbarton Castle, interesting particulars were given. Its form is circular, slightly elliptical, the major axis of the interior measuring 32ft. and the minor axis 30 ft. The walls are 13 ft. 6 in. thick, dry built, of local sandstone. On the inside at the highest they did not measure more than 6 ft. No traces of windows were met with, the only opening being the doorway, which faced the east, and had on each side a small guard chamber sufficient to accommodate one person conveniently. Several hearths were discovered, and cooking stones and stone pounders, polished pebbles, whetstones, and oyster-shells with signs of ornamentation, one of which contained in the cavities of the design traces of a red pigment. Stone spear-heads and one bone arrow-head were found. Amongst the hundreds of tons of material removed and most carefully, sifted no trace of metal of any kind nor of pottery was discovered. Passing on, Mr. Donnelly told the story of his discovery, on July 31st, 1898, of the famous crannog at Dumbuck. The canoe and the ladder which were found at the crannog were the two most important finds in wood; but a quantity of wooden objects have been met with. A striking peculiarity of all the wood used in the construction of the crannog is the fact that, although it possesses its original form, and retains even the slightest tool-mark, it is in a condition of pulp. The paper was abundantly illustrated by diagrams and drawings, together with a large collection of objects discovered. Among the numerous exhibits was the much-discussed spear-head of slate found under the so-called ladder. Roedeer horns and hoofs and fox and badger remains were met with, and a stone shaped like a leg of mutton, and weighing 22 lb., supposed to have been used for driving piles. The largest pile found measures 10 in. in diameter. The tide covers the crannog daily to the depth of 4 to 8 ft. Dr. Brushfield said the subject was almost an unknown one to English people. There could be little doubt that the structures and remains belong to the Neolithic age: the absence of metal in the discoveries indicated that fact. Split bones were found in all examples of this period, and all split bones were so treated by human agency. Cooking stones similar to those found were met with on Dartmoor, but no bones were found on Dartmoor, owing to the action of the peat. The Rev. H. J. D. Astley said that, owing to the controversy which had arisen on the subject of the crannog at Dumbuck, he had been led to renew his acquaintance with Dr. Munro's writings, and especially that on the "Lake Dwellings of Europe." On doing so he saw at once two very plain reasons for the learned doctor's attitude on this question, viz., that, supposing the Clyde crannog should be assigned, as Mr. Donnelly and others infer and Dr. Brushfield admits, most probably to the Neolithic age, it would disprove two of Dr. Munro's cherished theories (1) that the upheaval of the west coast of Scotland, forming what is known as the 25-feet beach, corresponding to a depression of the western and southern coasts of England, took place at such a time, subsequent to the appearance of man in the district, hut prior to the Roman occupation, as to preclude the possibility of Neolithic man having occupied the site of the crannog at the present level; and (2) that the idea of pile dwellings or crannogs was a later importation of the Celtic peoples into the British Islands. For himself, while most heartily congratulating Mr. Donnelly on his ability and energy, he desired at present to preserve an open mind on the subject. The objects found would certainly appear to point to the Neolithic age, though some of them, especially the so-called "totems," (which he, the speaker, would prefer to call "amulets," for totemism |