THEOLOGICAL REVIEW:

A JOURNAL

OF

RELIGIOUS THOUGHT AND LIFE.

"Our fathers worshipped in this mountain; and ye say, that in Jerusalem is
the place where men ought to worship."

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"The hour cometh, when ye shall neither in this mountain, nor yet at Jeru-
salem, worship the Father.
But the hour cometh, and now is, when
the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth for the
Father seeketh such to worship Him. God is a Spirit: and they that worship
Him must worship Him in spirit and in truth." (John iv. 20, 21, 23, 24.)

VOL. IV. Nos. XVI.-XIX.

LONDON:

WILLIAMS & NORGATE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
AND AT 20, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH.

MANCHESTER JOHNSON & RAWSON, 89, MARKET STREET.

1867.

THE

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW.

No. XVI-JANUARY, 1867.

I.-THE NEW CREED AND THE OLD, IN THEIR SECULAR RESULTS.-I.

RELIGIOUS ideas lie so near the root of human life, that no essential change in them can stop short in theories and systems of theology, but must also modify more or less. considerably every department of our activity. The great religious revolutions of past ages have each produced new developments of the intellect, of the conscience, and even of the affections and artistic powers, in directions which to a superficial judgment might have seemed beyond the remotest range of their influence. Not to speak of the vast cataclysms of earlier times, when the old creeds of Paganism and Sabæanism were swept away, and the new heaven and new earth of Christianity and Islam arose in their place, the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century was the cause (in a degree also the effect, but primarily the cause) of a revolution which extended by degrees to ethics and politics, to social and domestic habits, to science and literature, to poetry, painting, architecture; nay, to the very physiognomy and bearing of the race which adopted the new theology. To believe that the final test of doctrine was to be found in the Bible rather than in Pope or Council, to modify the dogma of Transubstantiation into the Protestant doctrine of the Eucharist, to diminish the Sacraments from seven to two, these were assuredly not changes which at first sight might have been expected to entail the results which Europe witnesses to-day, between the nations which have adhered to the old creed and those which have adopted the new. Sometimes reflection will enable us to trace how the change has been effected; how the exercise of the "duty of private